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Most existing solutions incorporate priors into the inverse-rendering pipeline to encourage plausible solutions, but they do not consider the inherent ambiguities and the multi-modal distribution of possible decompositions. In this work, we propose a novel scheme that integrates a denoising diffusion probabilistic model pre-trained on natural illumination maps into an optimization framework involving a differentiable path tracer. The proposed method allows sampling from combinations of illumination and spatially-varying surface materials that are, both, natural and explain the image observations. We further conduct an extensive comparative study of different priors on illumination used in previous work on inverse rendering. Our method excels in recovering materials and producing highly realistic and diverse environment map samples that faithfully explain the illumination of the input images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3618357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T10:20:48Z","timestamp":1701771648000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Diffusion Posterior Illumination for Ambiguity-Aware Inverse Rendering"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4763-8457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linjie","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayush","family":"Tewari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT CSAIL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Habermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reality Labs Research, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zollh\u00f6fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reality Labs Research, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Leimk\u00fchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Theobalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Reverse-time diffusion equation models. 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