{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T07:56:05Z","timestamp":1768031765550,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":42,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001695","name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJPR22P9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPR22P9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001695","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3624062.3624267","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T13:53:39Z","timestamp":1699624419000},"page":"1850-1858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Analyzing the Performance Impact of HPC Workloads with Gramine+SGX on 3rd Generation Xeon Scalable Processors"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0315-3216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinobu","family":"Miwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electro-Communications, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3208-4531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin'Ichiro","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"Advanced Micro Devices Inc.[Accessed on Jul 8 2023]. AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV). ([Accessed on Jul 8 2023]). https:\/\/www.amd.com\/en\/developer\/sev.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS49936.2021.00115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"ECS Bare Metal Instance. ([Accessed on","author":"Cloud Alibaba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alibaba Cloud. [Accessed on Jul 12, 2023]. ECS Bare Metal Instance. ([Accessed on Jul 12, 2023]). https:www.alibabacloud.com\/product\/ebm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"SCONE: Secure Linux Containers with Intel SGX. In 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 16)","author":"Arnautov Sergei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sergei Arnautov, Bohdan Trach, Franz Gregor, Thomas Knauth, Andre Martin, Christian Priebe, Joshua Lind, Divya Muthukumaran, Dan O\u2019Keeffe, Mark\u00a0L. Stillwell, David Goltzsche, Dave Eyers, R\u00fcdiger Kapitza, Peter Pietzuch, and Christof Fetzer. 2016. SCONE: Secure Linux Containers with Intel SGX. In 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 16). USENIX Association, Savannah, GA, 689\u2013703. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/osdi16\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/arnautov"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","unstructured":"Asylo Authors. [Accessed on Jul 19 2023]. Asylo. ([Accessed on Jul 19 2023]). https:\/\/asylo.dev\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","unstructured":"David\u00a0H. Bailey. 1994. The NAS Parallel Benchmarks. In RNR-94-007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2685048.2685070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"The GAP Benchmark Suite. CoRR abs\/1508.03619","author":"Beamer Scott","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scott Beamer, Krste Asanovic, and David\u00a0A. Patterson. 2015. The GAP Benchmark Suite. CoRR abs\/1508.03619 (2015). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1508.03619"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"Applied Benchmark: Memory Latency. ([Accessed on","author":"Berestovskyy Andriy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andriy Berestovskyy. [Accessed on Jul 26, 2023]. Applied Benchmark: Memory Latency. ([Accessed on Jul 26, 2023]). https:\/\/github.com\/berestovskyy\/applied-benchmarks\/tree\/master\/memory-latency"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2018.8569397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","volume-title":"Graphene-SGX: A Practical Library OS for Unmodified Applications on SGX. In 2017 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 17)","author":"Tsai Chia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chia che Tsai, Donald\u00a0E. Porter, and Mona Vij. 2017. Graphene-SGX: A Practical Library OS for Unmodified Applications on SGX. In 2017 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 17). USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 645\u2013658. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/atc17\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/tsai"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Announcing Gramine production ready release! (Oct 8","author":"Confidential Computing Consortium","year":"2021","unstructured":"Confidential Computing Consortium. Oct 8, 2021 [Accessed on Jul 19, 2023]. Announcing Gramine production ready release! (Oct 8, 2021 [Accessed on Jul 19, 2023]). https:\/\/confidentialcomputing.io\/2021\/10\/08\/gramine-1-0-release\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Intel SGX Explained","volume":"2016","author":"Costan Victor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Victor Costan and Srinivas Devadas. 2016. Intel SGX Explained. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch. 2016 (2016), 86.","journal-title":"IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2012.2211477"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3533737.3535098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"Research in Attacks, Intrusions, and Defenses (RAID)","author":"Fu Yangchun","unstructured":"Yangchun Fu, Erick Bauman, Raul Quinonez, and Zhiqiang Lin. 2017. SGX-LAPD: Thwarting Controlled Side Channel Attacks via Enclave Verifiable Page Faults. In Research in Attacks, Intrusions, and Defenses (RAID), Marc Dacier, Michael Bailey, Michalis Polychronakis, and Manos Antonakakis (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 357\u2013380."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"Gramine documentation. ([Accessed on","author":"Accessed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gramine. [Accessed on Aug 1, 2023]. Gramine documentation. ([Accessed on Aug 1, 2023]). https:\/\/gramine.readthedocs.io\/en\/stable\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Gramine \u2014 a Library OS for Unmodified Applications. ([Accessed on","author":"Accessed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gramine. [Accessed on Jul 25, 2023]. Gramine \u2014 a Library OS for Unmodified Applications. ([Accessed on Jul 25, 2023]). https:\/\/gramineproject.io\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Performance tuning and analysis \u2014 Gramine documentation. ([Accessed on","author":"Accessed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gramine. [Accessed on Jul 28, 2023]. Performance tuning and analysis \u2014 Gramine documentation. ([Accessed on Jul 28, 2023]). https:\/\/gramine.readthedocs.io\/en\/stable\/performance.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IISWC50251.2020.00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"Intel Architecture Memory Encryption Technologies Specification. Whitepaper","year":"2022","unstructured":"Intel. 2022. Intel Architecture Memory Encryption Technologies Specification. Whitepaper (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"Intel Trust Domain Extensions. Whitepaper","year":"2023","unstructured":"Intel. 2023. Intel Trust Domain Extensions. Whitepaper (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","volume-title":"Performance Considerations of Intel Trust Domain Extensions on 4th Generation Intel Xeon Scalable Processors. (Sep 6","author":"Sep","year":"2023","unstructured":"Intel. Sep 6, 2023 [Accessed on Sep 15, 2023]. Performance Considerations of Intel Trust Domain Extensions on 4th Generation Intel Xeon Scalable Processors. (Sep 6, 2023 [Accessed on Sep 15, 2023]). https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/developer\/articles\/technical\/trust-domain-extensions-on-4th-gen-xeon-processors.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"Reference Architecture for Privacy Preserving Machine Learning with Intel SGX and TensorFlow Serving. ([Accessed on","author":"Intel Corp. [Accessed on Jul 20, 2023].","year":"2023","unstructured":"Intel Corp. [Accessed on Jul 20, 2023]. Reference Architecture for Privacy Preserving Machine Learning with Intel SGX and TensorFlow Serving. ([Accessed on Jul 20, 2023]). https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/developer\/articles\/technical\/privacy-preserving-ml-with-sgx-and-tensorflow.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","volume-title":"Intel Software Guard Extensions. ([Accessed on","author":"Intel Corp.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Intel Corp.[Accessed on Jul 8, 2023]. Intel Software Guard Extensions. ([Accessed on Jul 8, 2023]). https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/developer\/tools\/software-guard-extensions\/overview.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"Whitepaper (Jul 19","author":"Intel Corp. Jul 19","year":"2023","unstructured":"Intel Corp. Jul 19, 2023. Intel Software Guard Extensions (Intel SGX) Developer Guide. Whitepaper (Jul 19, 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"What Technology Change Enables 1 Terabyte (TB) Enclave Page Cache (EPC) size in 3rd Generation Intel Xeon Scalable Processor Platforms? (Jul 24","author":"Intel Corp. Jul 24, 2021 [Accessed on Jul 20, 2023].","year":"2021","unstructured":"Intel Corp. Jul 24, 2021 [Accessed on Jul 20, 2023]. What Technology Change Enables 1 Terabyte (TB) Enclave Page Cache (EPC) size in 3rd Generation Intel Xeon Scalable Processor Platforms? (Jul 24, 2021 [Accessed on Jul 20, 2023]). https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/support\/articles\/000059614\/software\/intel-security-products.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ian Karlin Jeff Keasler and Rob Neely. 2013. LULESH 2.0 Updates and Changes. Technical Report LLNL-TR-641973. 1\u20139 pages.","DOI":"10.2172\/1090032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"Data-in-use protection on IBM Cloud using Intel SGX. (May 10","author":"Karnati Pratheek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pratheek Karnati. May 10, 2018 [Accessed on Jul 8, 2023]. Data-in-use protection on IBM Cloud using Intel SGX. (May 10, 2018 [Accessed on Jul 8, 2023]). https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/cloud\/blog\/data-use-protection-ibm-cloud-using-intel-sgx"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, I.\u00a0Guyon, U.\u00a0Von Luxburg, S.\u00a0Bengio, H.\u00a0Wallach, R.\u00a0Fergus, S.\u00a0Vishwanathan, and R.\u00a0Garnett (Eds.). Vol.\u00a030. Curran Associates","author":"Ke Guolin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guolin Ke, Qi Meng, Thomas Finley, Taifeng Wang, Wei Chen, Weidong Ma, Qiwei Ye, and Tie-Yan Liu. 2017. LightGBM: A Highly Efficient Gradient Boosting Decision Tree. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, I.\u00a0Guyon, U.\u00a0Von Luxburg, S.\u00a0Bengio, H.\u00a0Wallach, R.\u00a0Fergus, S.\u00a0Vishwanathan, and R.\u00a0Garnett (Eds.). Vol.\u00a030. Curran Associates, Inc.https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper_files\/paper\/2017\/file\/6449f44a102fde848669bdd9eb6b76fa-Paper.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3423211.3425677"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPASS55109.2022.00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","volume-title":"KRIPKE - A MASSIVELY PARALLEL TRANSPORT MINI-APP. (6","author":"Kunen A\u00a0J","year":"2015","unstructured":"A\u00a0J Kunen, T\u00a0S Bailey, and P\u00a0N Brown. 2015. KRIPKE - A MASSIVELY PARALLEL TRANSPORT MINI-APP. (6 2015). https:\/\/www.osti.gov\/biblio\/1229802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","volume-title":"STREAM: Sustainable Memory Bandwidth in High Performance Computers. ([Accessed on","author":"McCalpin D.","year":"2023","unstructured":"John\u00a0D. McCalpin. [Accessed on Jul 26, 2023]. STREAM: Sustainable Memory Bandwidth in High Performance Computers. ([Accessed on Jul 26, 2023]). https:\/\/www.cs.virginia.edu\/stream\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2019.2945562"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3214292.3214301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","volume-title":"SGX-LKL: Securing the Host OS Interface for Trusted Execution. ArXiv abs\/1908.11143","author":"Priebe Christian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Christian Priebe, Divya Muthukumaran, Joshua Lind, Huanzhou Zhu, Shujie Cui, Vasily\u00a0A. Sartakov, and Peter\u00a0R. Pietzuch. 2019. SGX-LKL: Securing the Host OS Interface for Trusted Execution. ArXiv abs\/1908.11143 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","unstructured":"Pytorch. [Accessed on Jul 29 2023]. Pytorch Examples. ([Accessed on Jul 29 2023]). https:\/\/github.com\/pytorch\/examples"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","volume-title":"Azure and Intel commit to delivering next generation confidential computing. (Oct 14","author":"Russinovich Mark","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mark Russinovich. Oct 14, 2020 [Accessed on Jul 8, 2023]. Azure and Intel commit to delivering next generation confidential computing. (Oct 14, 2020 [Accessed on Jul 8, 2023]). https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/azure-and-intel-commit-to-delivering-next-generation-confidential-computing\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3373376.3378469"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shweta Shinde Dat\u00a0Le Tien Shruti Tople and Prateek Saxena. 2017. Panoply: Low-TCB Linux Applications With SGX Enclaves. In Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS). https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/panoply-low-tcb-linux-applications-with-sgx-enclaves-2\/","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2017.23500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274808.3274824"}],"event":{"name":"SC-W 2023: Workshops of The International Conference on High Performance Computing, Network, Storage, and Analysis","location":"Denver CO USA","acronym":"SC-W 2023"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the SC '23 Workshops of the International Conference on High Performance Computing, Network, Storage, and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3624062.3624267","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3624062.3624267","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T03:00:29Z","timestamp":1755745229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3624062.3624267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3624062.3624267","10.1145\/3624062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3624062.3624267","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}