{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T11:03:45Z","timestamp":1772363025847,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":93,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]],"date-time":"2024-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3627508.3638329","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T14:03:01Z","timestamp":1709906581000},"page":"254-265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Balancing Act: Boosting Strategies for Informed Search on Controversial Topics"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3444-0990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Bink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Regensburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5791-0641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Elsweiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Regensburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3331184.3331246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2642"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3299869.3300079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3406522.3446023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3295750.3298926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3209978.3210063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3576840.3578323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3498366.3505766"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"The CRAAP test","volume":"31","author":"Blakeslee Sarah","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sarah Blakeslee. 2004. The CRAAP test. Loex Quarterly 31, 3 (2004), 4.","journal-title":"Loex Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Benjamin\u00a0S Bloom and David\u00a0R Krathwohl. 2020. Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Book 1 Cognitive domain. longman."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"The IIR evaluation model: a framework for evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems. Information research 8, 3","author":"Borlund Pia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pia Borlund. 2003. The IIR evaluation model: a framework for evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems. Information research 8, 3 (2003), 8\u20133."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3209978.3210047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijksr.2014010102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Ranking with fairness constraints. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.06840","author":"Celis L\u00a0Elisa","year":"2017","unstructured":"L\u00a0Elisa Celis, Damian Straszak, and Nisheeth\u00a0K Vishnoi. 2017. Ranking with fairness constraints. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.06840 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1277741.1277767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2854946.2854972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Levels of processing: Past, present... and future?Memory 10, 5-6","author":"Craik IM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fergus\u00a0IM Craik. 2002. Levels of processing: Past, present... and future?Memory 10, 5-6 (2002), 305\u2013318."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3331184.3331309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Principles of learning and memory: Classic edition","author":"Crowder G","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0G Crowder. 2014. Principles of learning and memory: Classic edition. Psychology Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-28244-7_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468507.3468515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3506802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985921.986198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Hermann Ebbinghaus. 1885. \u00dcber das ged\u00e4chtnis: untersuchungen zur experimentellen psychologie. Duncker & Humblot."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Critical information literacy: Implications for instructional practice. The journal of academic librarianship 32, 2","author":"Elmborg James","year":"2006","unstructured":"James Elmborg. 2006. Critical information literacy: Implications for instructional practice. The journal of academic librarianship 32, 2 (2006), 192\u2013199."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419828112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Theories of Information Behavior, Karen\u00a0E Fisher and Lynne McKechnie (Eds.). Information Today","author":"Erdelez Sanda","unstructured":"Sanda Erdelez. 2005. Information Encountering. In Theories of Information Behavior, Karen\u00a0E Fisher and Lynne McKechnie (Eds.). Information Today, Inc., Medford, NJ, 179\u2013184."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior research methods 39, 2","author":"Faul Franz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Franz Faul, Edgar Erdfelder, Albert-Georg Lang, and Axel Buchner. 2007. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior research methods 39, 2 (2007), 175\u2013191."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3484763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.102138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Lisa Gevelber. 2018. It\u2019s all about \u2018me\u2019\u2014how people are taking search personally. Technical Report. Technical Report.https:\/\/www.thinkwithgoogle.com\/marketing-strategies...."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3343413.3377961"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3176349.3176386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Self-assessment accuracy in higher education: The influence of gender and performance of university students. Active learning in higher education 20, 2","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Betancor M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sara\u00a0M Gonz\u00e1lez-Betancor, Alicia Bol\u00edvar-Cruz, and Domingo Verano-Tacoronte. 2019. Self-assessment accuracy in higher education: The influence of gender and performance of university students. Active learning in higher education 20, 2 (2019), 101\u2013114."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691617702496"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-28238-6_36"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1103646.1103650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3269206.3271808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130332.3130334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1229179.1229181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Joseph Tao-yi Wang, and Colin\u00a0F Camerer","author":"Kang Min\u00a0Jeong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Min\u00a0Jeong Kang, Ming Hsu, Ian\u00a0M Krajbich, George Loewenstein, Samuel\u00a0M McClure, Joseph Tao-yi Wang, and Colin\u00a0F Camerer. 2009. The wick in the candle of learning: Epistemic curiosity activates reward circuitry and enhances memory. Psychological science 20, 8 (2009), 963\u2013973."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Understanding credibility judgements for web search snippets. Aslib Journal of Information Management","author":"Kattenbeck Markus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Markus Kattenbeck and David Elsweiler. 2019. Understanding credibility judgements for web search snippets. Aslib Journal of Information Management (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing.Psychological review 94, 2","author":"Klayman Joshua","year":"1987","unstructured":"Joshua Klayman and Young-Won Ha. 1987. Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing.Psychological review 94, 2 (1987), 211."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Forthcoming","author":"Lev-On Azi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Azi Lev-On and Bernard Manin. 2009. Happy accidents: Deliberation and online exposure to opposing views. Online Deliberation: Design, Research and Practice, Todd Davies, Seeta Gangadharan, eds., Forthcoming (2009)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10463283.2021.1876983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94796-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/00220411211256030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/00220411211256049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551513478889"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"New Jersey","author":"Mangiafico SS","year":"2015","unstructured":"SS Mangiafico. 2015. An R companion for the handbook of biological statistics, version 1.3. 2. Rutgers cooperative Extension, New Jersey (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3343413.3377975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2009916.2009966"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of general psychology 2, 2","author":"Nickerson S.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Raymond\u00a0S. Nickerson. 1998. Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of general psychology 2, 2 (1998), 175\u2013220."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2013.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3343413.3377989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3406522.3446014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025727"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th annual conference of the cognitive science society, Vol.\u00a028","author":"O\u2019Brien Maeve","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maeve O\u2019Brien and Mark\u00a0T Keane. 2006. Modeling result-list searching in the World Wide Web: The role of relevance topologies and trust bias. In Proceedings of the 28th annual conference of the cognitive science society, Vol.\u00a028. Citeseer, 1881\u20131886."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00351.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Conference on Very Large Data Bases -","volume":"30","author":"Pandey Sandeep","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sandeep Pandey, Kedar Dhamdhere, and Christopher Olston. 2004. WIC: A General-Purpose Algorithm for Monitoring Web Information Sources. In Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Conference on Very Large Data Bases - Volume 30 (Toronto, Canada) (VLDB \u201904). VLDB Endowment, 360\u2013371."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09168-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3459637.3482099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"Dunning\u2013Kruger effects in reasoning: Theoretical implications of the failure to recognize incompetence. Psychonomic bulletin & review 24","author":"Pennycook Gordon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gordon Pennycook, Robert\u00a0M Ross, Derek\u00a0J Koehler, and Jonathan\u00a0A Fugelsang. 2017. Dunning\u2013Kruger effects in reasoning: Theoretical implications of the failure to recognize incompetence. Psychonomic bulletin & review 24 (2017), 1774\u20131784."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe7782"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","volume-title":"IF I APPLY.","author":"Phillips Kathleen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kathleen Phillips, Eryn Roles, and Sabrina Thomas. 2022. Navigating the information ecosystem: Getting personal with source evaluation, IF I APPLY. (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","volume-title":"Cognitive effort during note taking. Applied cognitive psychology 19, 3","author":"Piolat Annie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Annie Piolat, Thierry Olive, and Ronald\u00a0T Kellogg. 2005. Cognitive effort during note taking. Applied cognitive psychology 19, 3 (2005), 291\u2013312."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3121050.3121074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372923.3404786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2018.1539626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544549.3585693"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3465336.3475101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2021.621743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_79_1","volume-title":"Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness","author":"Thaler H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Richard\u00a0H Thaler and Cass\u00a0R Sunstein. 2009. Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Penguin."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_80_1","volume-title":"Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science 185, 4157","author":"Tversky Amos","year":"1974","unstructured":"Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman. 1974. Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science 185, 4157 (1974), 1124\u20131131."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2021.102821"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2022.103158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_83_1","volume-title":"The search as learning spaceship: Toward a comprehensive model of psychological and technological facets of search as learning. Frontiers in Psychology 13","author":"Von\u00a0Hoyer Johannes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Johannes Von\u00a0Hoyer, Anett Hoppe, Yvonne Kammerer, Christian Otto, Georg Pardi, Markus Rokicki, Ran Yu, Stefan Dietze, Ralph Ewerth, and Peter Holtz. 2022. The search as learning spaceship: Toward a comprehensive model of psychological and technological facets of search as learning. Frontiers in Psychology 13 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2484028.2484053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2663355"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1277741.1277787"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1449715.1449754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3340531.3412017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1772690.1772793"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_92_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Bridging the Gap between Information Science, Information Retrieval and Data Science (BIRDS","author":"Zimmerman Steven","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steven Zimmerman, Stefan\u00a0M Herzog, David Elsweiler, Jon Chamberlain, and Udo Kruschwitz. 2020. Towards a framework for harm prevention in web search. In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Bridging the Gap between Information Science, Information Retrieval and Data Science (BIRDS 2020), co-located with 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 202, Vol.\u00a02741. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 30\u201346."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3295750.3298952"}],"event":{"name":"CHIIR '24: 2024 ACM SIGIR Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","location":"Sheffield United Kingdom","acronym":"CHIIR '24"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2024 ACM SIGIR Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3627508.3638329","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3627508.3638329","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T17:37:20Z","timestamp":1756489040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3627508.3638329"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3627508.3638329","10.1145\/3627508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3627508.3638329","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}