{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:14:03Z","timestamp":1780391643352,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":39,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3627673.3679844","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]],"date-time":"2024-10-20T19:34:11Z","timestamp":1729452851000},"page":"394-403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Time is Not Enough: Time-Frequency based Explanation for Time-Series Black-Box Models"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6993-2240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunseung","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2487-970X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumin","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0963-5891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeonsu","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5958-3509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Peeking inside the black-box: a survey on explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)","author":"Adadi Amina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amina Adadi and Mohammed Berrada. 2018. Peeking inside the black-box: a survey on explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). IEEE access, Vol. 6 (2018), 52138--52160."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Yanping Chen Eamonn Keogh Bing Hu Nurjahan Begum Anthony Bagnall Abdullah Mueen and Gustavo Batista. 2015. The UCR Time Series Classification Archive. www.cs.ucr.edu\/ eamonn\/time_series_data\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 2166--2177","author":"Crabb\u00e9 Jonathan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jonathan Crabb\u00e9 and Mihaela Van Der Schaar. 2021. Explaining time series predictions with dynamic masks. In International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 2166--2177."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BHI50953.2021.9508618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2021.752558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTAI.2019.00067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1978.10837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Long short-term memory. Neural computation","author":"Hochreiter Sepp","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sepp Hochreiter and J\u00fcrgen Schmidhuber. 1997. Long short-term memory. Neural computation, Vol. 9, 8 (1997), 1735--1780."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3437963.3441815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2021.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36001\/phme.2020.v5i1.1244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"LSTM fully convolutional networks for time series classification","author":"Karim Fazle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fazle Karim, Somshubra Majumdar, Houshang Darabi, and Shun Chen. 2017. LSTM fully convolutional networks for time series classification. IEEE access, Vol. 6 (2017), 1662--1669."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.867928"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/30.1-2.81"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Deep learning. nature","author":"LeCun Yann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio, and Geoffrey Hinton. 2015. Deep learning. nature, Vol. 521, 7553 (2015), 436--444."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions. Advances in neural information processing systems","author":"Lundberg Scott M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scott M Lundberg and Su-In Lee. 2017. A unified approach to interpreting model predictions. Advances in neural information processing systems, Vol. 30 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Management of Digital. Springer, 382--396","author":"Makridis Georgios","year":"2023","unstructured":"Georgios Makridis, Georgios Fatouros, Vasileios Koukos, Dimitrios Kotios, Dimosthenis Kyriazis, and John Soldatos. 2023. XAI for time-series classification leveraging image highlight methods. In International Conference on Management of Digital. Springer, 382--396."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN48605.2020.9207444"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"A new method for detecting atrial fibrillation using RR intervals","volume":"10","author":"Moody George","year":"1983","unstructured":"George Moody. 1983. A new method for detecting atrial fibrillation using RR intervals. Proc. Comput. Cardiol., Vol. 10 (1983), 227--230.","journal-title":"Proc. Comput. Cardiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104393"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Interpretable time series classification using all-subsequence learning and symbolic representations in time and frequency domains. arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.04022","author":"Nguyen Thach Le","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thach Le Nguyen, Severin Gsponer, Iulia Ilie, and Georgiana Ifrim. 2018. Interpretable time series classification using all-subsequence learning and symbolic representations in time and frequency domains. arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.04022 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Rise: Randomized input sampling for explanation of black-box models. arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.07421","author":"Petsiuk Vitali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vitali Petsiuk, Abir Das, and Kate Saenko. 2018. Rise: Randomized input sampling for explanation of black-box models. arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.07421 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-022-07809-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939778"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Towards a rigorous evaluation of explainability for multivariate time series. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.04075","author":"Saluja Rohit","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rohit Saluja, Avleen Malhi, Samanta Knapivc, Kary Fr\u00e4mling, and Cicek Cavdar. 2021. Towards a rigorous evaluation of explainability for multivariate time series. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.04075 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00516"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-44070-0_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.74"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. PMLR, 3418--3433","author":"Sivill Torty","year":"2022","unstructured":"Torty Sivill and Peter Flach. 2022. Limesegment: Meaningful, realistic time series explanations. In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. PMLR, 3418--3433."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"International conference on machine learning. PMLR, 3319--3328","author":"Sundararajan Mukund","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mukund Sundararajan, Ankur Taly, and Qiqi Yan. 2017. Axiomatic attribution for deep networks. In International conference on machine learning. PMLR, 3319--3328."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Explainable AI for time series classification: a review, taxonomy and research directions","author":"Theissler Andreas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andreas Theissler, Francesco Spinnato, Udo Schlegel, and Riccardo Guidotti. 2022. Explainable AI for time series classification: a review, taxonomy and research directions. IEEE Access (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Attention is all you need. Advances in neural information processing systems","author":"Vaswani Ashish","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, \u0141ukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. Attention is all you need. Advances in neural information processing systems, Vol. 30 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2018.8545288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3580305.3599549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1852102.1852106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Time-series benchmarks based on frequency features for fair comparative evaluation. Neural Computing and Applications","author":"Wu Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Wu and Ruiqi Jiang. 2023. Time-series benchmarks based on frequency features for fair comparative evaluation. Neural Computing and Applications (2023), 1--13."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Spearman rank correlation. Encyclopedia of Biostatistics","author":"Zar Jerrold H","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jerrold H Zar. 2005. Spearman rank correlation. Encyclopedia of Biostatistics, Vol. 7 (2005)."}],"event":{"name":"CIKM '24: The 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","location":"Boise ID USA","acronym":"CIKM '24","sponsor":["SIGIR ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3627673.3679844","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3627673.3679844","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:58:08Z","timestamp":1750294688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3627673.3679844"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3627673.3679844","10.1145\/3627673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3627673.3679844","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}