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Storage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Following a conventional design principle that pays more fast-CPU-cycles for fewer slow-I\/Os, popular software storage architecture Linux Multiple-Disk (MD) for parity-based RAID (e.g., RAID5 and RAID6) assigns one or more centralized worker threads to efficiently process all user requests based on multi-stage asynchronous control and global data structures, successfully exploiting characteristics of slow devices, e.g., Hard Disk Drives (HDDs). However, we observe that, with high-performance NVMe-based Solid State Drives (SSDs), even the recently added multi-worker processing mode in MD achieves only limited performance gain because of the severe lock contentions under intensive write workloads.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>In this paper, we propose a novel stripe-threaded RAID architecture, StRAID, assigning a dedicated worker thread for each stripe-write (one-for-one model) to sufficiently exploit high parallelism inherent among RAID stripes, multi-core processors, and SSDs. For the notoriously performance-punishing partial-stripe writes that induce extra read and write I\/Os, StRAID presents a two-stage stripe write mechanism and a two-dimensional multi-log SSD buffer. All writes first are opportunistically batched in memory, and then are written into the primary RAID for aggregated full-stripe writes or conditionally redirected to the buffer for partial-stripe writes. These buffered data are strategically reclaimed to the primary RAID. We evaluate a StRAID prototype with a variety of benchmarks and real-world traces. StRAID is demonstrated to outperform MD by up to 5.8 times in write throughput.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3627992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T21:27:35Z","timestamp":1697491655000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Explorations and Exploitation for Parity-based RAIDs with Ultra-fast SSDs"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8275-6500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shucheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Mobile (Suzhou) Software Technology Co., Ltd., China; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9124-0533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1477-9751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8968-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6470-7063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6220-2535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tencent Inc., China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6756-149X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anqun","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tencent Inc., China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1807128.1807165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"775","volume-title":"2018 USENIX Annual Technical Conference, USENIX ATC 2018, Boston, MA, USA, July 11-13, 2018","author":"Aguilera Marcos K.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marcos K. 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