{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T05:13:39Z","timestamp":1755839619188,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Defense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Inf. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            People often search for information to acquire procedural knowledge\u2013\u201chow to\u201d knowledge about step-by-step procedures, methods, algorithms, techniques, heuristics, and skills. A procedural search task might involve implementing a solution to a problem, evaluating different approaches to a problem, and brainstorming on the types of problems that can be solved with a specific resource. We report on a study (\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            =36) that aimed to better understand how people search for procedural knowledge. Much research has investigated how search task characteristics impact people\u2019s perceptions and behaviors. Along these lines, we manipulated procedural search tasks along two orthogonal dimensions: product and goal. The product dimension relates to the main outcome of the task and the goal dimension relates to task\u2019s success criteria. We manipulated tasks across three product categories and two goal categories. The study investigated four research questions. First, we examined the effects of the product and goal on participants\u2019 (RQ1) pre-task perceptions, (RQ2) post-task perceptions, and (RQ3) search behaviors. Second, regardless of the task product and goal, by analyzing participants\u2019 think-aloud comments and screen activities we closely examined how people search for procedural knowledge. Specifically, we report on (RQ4) important relevance criteria, types of information sought, and challenges.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3630004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T21:23:58Z","timestamp":1698096238000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Better Understanding Procedural Search Tasks: Perceptions, Behaviors, and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9602-233X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogeum","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Library Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0340-5464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Casteel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Library Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7645-0556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Arguello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Library Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-7836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Capra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Library Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Complete Edition","author":"Anderson Lorin W.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lorin W. Anderson, David R. Krathwohl, Peter W. Airasian, Kathleen A. Cruikshank, Richard E. Mayer, Paul R. Pintrich, James Raths, and Merlin C. Wittrock. 2001. A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Complete Edition."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Peter Bailey and Li Jiang. 2012. User task understanding: A web search engine perspective. 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