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We discuss the foundational building blocks in the contract as well as various extensions to support more advanced features such as bulk purchases and future reservations. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the system can be implemented with an open source, permissioned enterprise blockchain, Hyperledger Sawtooth. We show that our smart contract implementation can improve blockchain transaction performance, by approximately four orders of magnitude compared to serial transactions and one order of magnitude compared to parallel transactions, by using public key infrastructure driven bulk purchases of mobile access grants, paving the way for fully automated, efficient, and fine-grained roaming agreements. We conclude with a discussion of lessons learned from two end-to-end use cases we implemented to validate our distributed ledger design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3630168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T11:39:16Z","timestamp":1699529956000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Smart Contracts for Mobile Network Operator Bandwidth Sharing"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0554-3584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Sandholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Next-Gen Systems, CableLabs, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0472-2145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayandev","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Next-Gen Systems, CableLabs, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Federal Communications Commission. 2016. 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A multi-armed bandit-based approach to mobile network provider selection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.04755v2 (2021).","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.04755v2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3477084.3484949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7158261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-022-3692-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2010.5462277"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","author":"Yrj\u00f6l\u00e4 Seppo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Seppo Yrj\u00f6l\u00e4. 2017. Analysis of blockchain use cases in the citizens broadband radio service spectrum sharing concept. 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