{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:39:00Z","timestamp":1782833940226,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":222,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["JCYJ20210324124205016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324124205016"]}]},{"name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen-White Matrix Joint Metaverse Laboratory"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The metaverse, as a rapidly evolving socio-technical phenomenon, exhibits significant potential across diverse domains by leveraging Web3 (a.k.a. Web 3.0) technologies such as blockchain, smart contracts, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). This survey aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Web3 metaverse from a human-centered perspective. We (i) systematically review the development of the metaverse over the past 30 years, highlighting the balanced contributions from its core components: Web3, immersive convergence, and crowd intelligence communities, (ii) define the metaverse that integrates the Web3 community as the Web3 metaverse and propose an analysis framework from the community, society, and human layers to describe the features, missions, and relationships for each community and their overlapping sections, (iii) survey the state-of-the-art of the Web3 metaverse from a human-centered perspective, namely, the identity, field, and behavior aspects, and (iv) provide supplementary technical reviews. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first systematic, interdisciplinary survey on the Web3 metaverse. Specifically, we commence by discussing the potential for establishing decentralized identities (DID) utilizing mechanisms such as profile picture (PFP) NFTs, domain name NFTs, and soulbound tokens (SBTs). Subsequently, we examine land, utility, and equipment NFTs within the Web3 metaverse, highlighting interoperable and full on-chain solutions for existing centralization challenges. Lastly, we spotlight current research and practices about individual, intra-group, and inter-group behaviors within the Web3 metaverse, such as Creative Commons Zero license (CC0) NFTs, decentralized education, decentralized science (DeSci), and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO). Furthermore, we share our insights into several promising directions, encompassing three key socio-technical facets of Web3 metaverse development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3630258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T21:47:13Z","timestamp":1698356833000},"page":"1-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Web3 Metaverse: State-of-the-Art and Vision"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8310-3202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongzhou","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China and Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6438-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haihan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China and Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8034-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne University, CNRS, LIP6, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8716-201X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta Reality Lab Research, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2751-5114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonggang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7690-8547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulmotaleb El","family":"Saddik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, United Arab Emirates and Multimedia Communication Research Laboratory (MCRLab), University of Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4658-0034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Ernest Adams. 2004. 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