{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:29:51Z","timestamp":1777714191716,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":392,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Recomm. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recommender systems are the algorithms which select, filter, and personalize content across many of the world's largest platforms and apps. As such, their positive and negative effects on individuals and on societies have been extensively theorized and studied. Our overarching question is how to ensure that recommender systems enact the values of the individuals and societies that they serve. Addressing this question in a principled fashion requires technical knowledge of recommender design and operation, and also critically depends on insights from diverse fields including social science, ethics, economics, psychology, policy, and law. This article is a multidisciplinary effort to synthesize theory and practice from different perspectives, with the goal of providing a shared language, articulating current design approaches, and identifying open problems. We collect a set of values that seem most relevant to recommender systems operating across different domains, and then examine them from the perspectives of current industry practice, measurement, product design, and policy approaches. Important open problems include multi-stakeholder processes for defining values and resolving trade-offs, better values-driven measurements, recommender controls that people use, non-behavioral algorithmic feedback, optimization for long-term outcomes, causal inference of recommender effects, academic-industry research collaborations, and interdisciplinary policy-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3632297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T11:48:20Z","timestamp":1699876100000},"page":"1-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Building Human Values into Recommender Systems: An Interdisciplinary Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4467-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Stray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Berkeley Center for Human-compatible AI, Berkeley, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8717-7356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alon","family":"Halevy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta AI, Menlo Park, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1350-2557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parisa","family":"Assar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adobe Inc., San Jose, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6168-4763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan","family":"Hadfield-Menell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9330-4545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig","family":"Boutilier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Research, Mountain View, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9144-9011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amar","family":"Ashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spotify Inc., New York City, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2764-0986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe","family":"Bakalar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta Inc., Menlo Park, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3351-5951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lex","family":"Beattie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spotify Inc., New York City, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2467-0108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Ekstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2640-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Leibowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership on AI, Palo Alto, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4803-0730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connie","family":"Moon Sehat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacks\/Hackers, Atlanta, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2054-0920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0360-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianne","family":"Kerlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BBC, London, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0375-1422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Vickrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta Inc., Menlo Park, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9258-1209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spandana","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta Inc., Menlo Park, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1031-4746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanne","family":"Vrijenhoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Information Law, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9462-9835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0543-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"McKane","family":"Andrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership on AI, Palo Alto, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1652-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natali","family":"Helberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Information Law, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7514-2711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Polina","family":"Proutskova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BBC, London, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9507-6192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanushree","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information, School, University of Washington, Seattle, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8917-9320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Vasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-019-09256-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Himan Abdollahpouri and Robin Burke. 2019. Multi-stakeholder recommendation and its connection to multi-sided fairness. (2019). Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1907.13158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Daniel Adiwardana Minh-Thang Luong David R. So Jamie Hall Noah Fiedel Romal Thoppilan Zi Yang Apoorv Kulshreshtha Gaurav Nemade Yifeng Lu and Quoc V. Le. 2020. Towards a Human-like Open-Domain Chatbot. arXiv:2001.09977. Retrieved 30 2021 from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2001.09977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David Adkins Bilal Alsallakh Adeel Cheema Narine Kokhlikyan Emily McReynolds Pushkar Mishra Chavez Procope Jeremy Sawruk Erin Wang and Polina Zvyagin. 2022. Method Cards for Prescriptive Machine-Learning Transparency. Retrieved April 19 2022 from https:\/\/conf.researchr.org\/details\/cain-2022\/cain-2022\/12\/Method-Cards-for-Prescriptive-Machine-Learning-Transparency","DOI":"10.1145\/3522664.3528600"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Mehdi Afsar Trafford Crump and Behrouz Far. 2022. Reinforcement learning based recommender systems: A survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 55 7 Article 145 (July 2022) 1--38. 10.1145\/3543846","DOI":"10.1145\/3543846"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20190658"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hunt Allcott Matthew Gentzkow and Lena Song. 2021. Digital Addiction. 10.3386\/w28936","DOI":"10.3386\/w28936"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03400352211041135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266267101000128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02196884"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKane Andrus Elena Spitzer Jeffrey Brown and Alice Xiang. 2021. What We Can't Measure We Can't Understand: Challenges to Demographic Data Procurement in the Pursuit of Fairness. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency (FAccT'21). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 249--260.","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445888"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3593002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/686293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","volume-title":"Crises of the Republic: Lying in Politics, Civil Disobedience on Violence, Thoughts on Politics, and Revolution","author":"Arendt Hannah","year":"1972","unstructured":"Hannah Arendt. 1972. Crises of the Republic: Lying in Politics, Civil Disobedience on Violence, Thoughts on Politics, and Revolution. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","article-title":"The human cost of online content moderation","author":"Arsht Andrew","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andrew Arsht and Daniel Etcovitch. 2018. The human cost of online content moderation. Harvard Journal of Law and Technology (2018). Retrieved January 6, 2022 from https:\/\/jolt.law.harvard.edu\/digest\/the-human-cost-of-online-content-moderation","journal-title":"Harvard Journal of Law and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2022819118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-012-0265-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christopher A. Bail Lisa P. Argyle Taylor W. Brown John P. Bumpus Haohan Chen M. B. Fallin Hunzaker Marcus Mann Jaemin Lee Alexander Volfovsky and Friedolin Merhout. 2018. Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 37 (2018) 9216\u20139221. DOI:10.1073\/pnas.1804840115","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1804840115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1145\/3331184.3331211","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","author":"Balog Krisztian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krisztian Balog, Filip Radlinski, and Shushan Arakelyan. 2019. Transparent, Scrutable and Explainable User Models for Personalized Recommendation. In Proceedings of the 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. ACM, 265\u2013274. DOI:10.1145\/3331184.3331211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jack Bandy. 2021. Problematic Machine Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review of Algorithm Audits. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5 CSCW1 Article 74 (2021) 1--34. 10.1145\/3449148","DOI":"10.1145\/3449148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230811"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Bassen Jonathan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jonathan Bassen, Bharathan Balaji, Michael Schaarschmidt, Candace Thille, Jay Painter, Dawn Zimmaro, Alex Games, Ethan Fast, and John C. Mitchell. 2020. Reinforcement learning for the adaptive scheduling of educational activities. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 1\u201312. DOI:10.1145\/3313831.3376518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AIS-170445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2019.1594333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seth D. Baum. 2020. Social choice ethics in artificial intelligence. AI & Soc 35 1 (2020) 165\u2013176. DOI:10.1007\/s00146-017-0760-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-017-0760-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198119863768"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","first-page":"1772","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Ben-Porat Omer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Omer Ben-Porat, Gregory Goren, Itay Rosenberg, and Moshe Tennenholtz. 2019. From recommendation systems to facility location games. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 1772\u20131779. DOI:10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33011772"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"Ben-Porat Omer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Omer Ben-Porat and Moshe Tennenholtz. 2018. A Game-Theoretic approach to recommendation systems with strategic content providers. In Proceedings of the Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. Curran Associates, Inc. Retrieved January 2, 2022 from https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper\/2018\/hash\/a9a1d5317a33ae8cef33961c34144f84-Abstract.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Berke Larwan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Larwan Berke, Sushant Kafle, and Matt Huenerfauth. 2018. Methods for evaluation of imperfect captioning tools by deaf or hard-of-hearing users at different reading literacy levels. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Montreal QC Canada, 1\u201312. DOI:10.1145\/3173574.3173665"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B. Douglas Bernheim. 2016. The good the bad and the ugly: A unified approach to behavioral welfare economics. J. Benefit Cost Anal. 7 1 (2016) 12\u201368. DOI:10.1017\/bca.2016.5","DOI":"10.1017\/bca.2016.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","unstructured":"Abraham Bernstein Claes de Vreese Natali Helberger Wolfgang Schulz Katharina Zweig Christian Baden Michael A. Beam Marc P. Hauer Lucien Heitz Pascal J\u00fcrgens Christian Katzenbach Benjamin Kille Beate Klimkiewicz Wiebke Loosen Judith Moeller Goran Radanovic Guy Shani Nava Tintarev Suzanne Tolmeijer Wouter van Atteveldt Sanne Vrijenhoek and Theresa Zueger. 2020. Diversity in News Recommendations. (2020). Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.09495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alex Beutel Jilin Chen Tulsee Doshi Hai Qian Li Wei Yi Wu Lukasz Heldt Zhe Zhao Lichan Hong Ed H. Chi and Cristos Goodrow. 2019. Fairness in recommendation ranking through pairwise comparisons. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining (KDD'19). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 2212--2220. 10.1145\/3292500.3330745","DOI":"10.1145\/3292500.3330745"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1145\/3306618.3314234","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","author":"Beutel Alex","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alex Beutel, Jilin Chen, Tulsee Doshi, Hai Qian, Allison Woodruff, Christine Luu, Pierre Kreitmann, Jonathan Bischof, and Ed H. Chi. 2019. Putting fairness principles into practice: Challenges, metrics, and improvements. In Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. ACM, 453\u2013459. DOI:10.1145\/3306618.3314234"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1145\/3159652.3159727","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM\u201918)","author":"Beutel Alex","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alex Beutel, Paul Covington, Sagar Jain, Can Xu, Jia Li, Vince Gatto, and Ed H. Chi. 2018. Latent Cross: Making use of context in recurrent recommender systems. In Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM\u201918). Association for Computing Machinery, 46\u201354. DOI:10.1145\/3159652.3159727"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Asia J. Biega Krishna P. Gummadi and Gerhard Weikum. 2018. Equity of Attention: Amortizing Individual Fairness in Rankings. In The 41st International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research & Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR'18). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 405--414. 10.1145\/3209978.3210063","DOI":"10.1145\/3209978.3210063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robert M. Bond Christopher J. Fariss Jason J. Jones Adam D. I. Kramer Cameron Marlow Jaime E. Settle and James H. Fowler. 2012. A 61-million-person experiment in social influence and political mobilization. Nature 489 7415 (2012) 295\u2013298. DOI:10.1038\/nature11421","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11421"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1145\/2911451.2911504","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 39th International ACM SIGIR conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","author":"Borisov Alexey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alexey Borisov, Ilya Markov, Maarten de Rijke, and Pavel Serdyukov. 2016. A context-aware time model for web search. In Proceedings of the 39th International ACM SIGIR conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 205\u2013214."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI","volume":"12","author":"Borning Alan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alan Borning and Michael Muller. 2012. Next steps for value sensitive design. In Proceedings of the CHI \u201912. 10."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Comparative Decision Making","author":"Boutilier Craig","year":"2013","unstructured":"Craig Boutilier. 2013. Computational decision support regret-based models for optimization and preference elicitation. In Proceedings of the Comparative Decision Making. Oxford University Press, New York. DOI:10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199856800.003.0041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","first-page":"98","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-03)","author":"Boutilier Craig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Craig Boutilier, Richard S. Zemel, and Benjamin Marlin. 2003. Active collaborative filtering. In Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-03). Acapulco, Mexico, 98\u2013106."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w23258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levi Boxell Gentzkow Matthew and Jesse M. Shapiro. 2020. Cross-Country trends in affective polarization. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w26669","DOI":"10.3386\/w26669"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","author":"Bozarth Lia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lia Bozarth and Ceren Budak. 2020. Toward a Better Performance Evaluation Framework for Fake News Classification. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 14, 1 (2020), 60--71."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lia Bozarth Aparajita Saraf and Ceren Budak. 2020. Higher ground? how groundtruth labeling impacts our understanding of fake news about the 2016 U.S.. Presidential Nominees. 10.2139\/ssrn.3340173","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3340173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"William J. Brady and Jay Joseph Van Bavel. 2021. Estimating the effect size of moral contagion in online networks: A pre-registered replication and meta-analysis. DOI:10.31219\/osf.io\/s4w2x","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/s4w2x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","volume-title":"Types, Sources, and Claims of COVID-19 Misinformation","author":"Scott Brennen J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. Scott Brennen, Felix M. Simon, Philip N. Howard, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen. 2020. Types, Sources, and Claims of COVID-19 Misinformation. Reuters Institute for Politics, University of Oxford. Retrieved from https:\/\/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk\/types-sources-and-claims-covid-19-misinformation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","unstructured":"Miles Brundage Shahar Avin Jasmine Wang Haydn Belfield Gretchen Krueger Gillian Hadfield Heidy Khlaaf Jingying Yang Helen Toner Ruth Fong Tegan Maharaj Pang Wei Koh Sara Hooker Jade Leung Andrew Trask Emma Bluemke Jonathan Lebensold Cullen O'Keefe Mark Koren Th\u00e9o Ryffel J. B. Rubinovitz Tamay Besiroglu Federica Carugati Jack Clark Peter Eckersley Sarah de Haas Maritza Johnson Ben Laurie Alex Ingerman Igor Krawczuk Amanda Askell Rosario Cammarota Andrew Lohn David Krueger Charlotte Stix Peter Henderson Logan Graham Carina Prunkl Bianca Martin Elizabeth Seger Noa Zilberman Adrian Weller Brian Tse Elizabeth Barnes Allan Dafoe Paul Scharre Ariel Herbert-Voss Martijn Rasser Shagun Sodhani Carrick Flynn Thomas Krendl Gilbert Lisa Dyer Saif Khan Yoshua Bengio and Markus Anderljung. 2020. Toward Trustworthy AI Development: Mechanisms for Supporting Verifiable Claims. (2020). Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2004.07213v2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","unstructured":"Axel Bruns. 2019. It's Not the Technology Stupid: How the \u2018Echo Chamber\u2019 and \u2018Filter Bubble\u2019 Metaphors Have Failed Us. (2019). Retrieved from http:\/\/snurb.info\/node\/2526"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","unstructured":"Dunstan Allison-Hope. 2018. Our Human Rights Impact Assessment of Facebook in Myanmar | Blog | Sustainable Business Network and Consultancy | BSR. (November 2018). Retrieved April 10 2024 from https:\/\/www.bsr.org\/en\/blog\/facebook-inmyanmar-human-rights-impact-assessment"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","unstructured":"Robin Burke. 2017. Multisided fairness for recommendation. arXiv:1707.00093 [cs] (July 2017). Retrieved October 5 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1707.00093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Foundations of Human Sociality\u2013Experimental and Ethnographic Evidence from 15 Small-Scale Societies","author":"Camerer Colin F.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Colin F. Camerer and Ernst Fehr. 2004. Measuring social norms and preferences using experimental games: A guide for social scientists. In Proceedings of the Foundations of Human Sociality\u2013Experimental and Ethnographic Evidence from 15 Small-Scale Societies. h."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400829118","volume-title":"Advances in Behavioral Economics","author":"Camerer Colin F.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Colin F. Camerer, George Loewenstein, and Matthew Rabin (Eds.). 2004. Advances in Behavioral Economics. Princeton University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10791-020-09371-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3430368"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the RecSys\u201921: 15th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems","author":"Carroll Micah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Micah Carroll, Dylan Hadfield-Menell, Anca Dragan, and Stuart Russell. 2021. Estimating and penalizing preference shift in recommender systems. In Proceedings of the RecSys\u201921: 15th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. DOI:10.1145\/3460231.3478849"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1145\/2396761.2396782","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","author":"Carterette Ben","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ben Carterette, Evangelos Kanoulas, and Emine Yilmaz. 2012. Incorporating variability in user behavior into systems based evaluation. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. 135\u2013144."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/INCoS.2014.114","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems","author":"Carullo Giuliana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giuliana Carullo, Aniello Castiglione, and Alfredo De Santis. 2014. Friendship recommendations in online social networks. In Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems. IEEE, Salerno, 42\u201348. DOI:10.1109\/INCoS.2014.114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7637-6_26"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/29942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20495\/seas.8.1_117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109442810141004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiawei Chen Hande Dong Xiang Wang Fuli Feng Meng Wang and Xiangnan He. 2023. Bias and debias in recommender system: A survey and future directions. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 41 3 Article 67 (July 2023) 1--39. 10.1145\/3564284","DOI":"10.1145\/3564284"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","unstructured":"Li Chen and Pearl Pu. 2004. Survey of Preference Elicitation Methods. (2004). EPFL. Retrieved from http:\/\/infoscience.epfl.ch\/record\/52659"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Minmin Chen Alex Beutel Paul Covington Sagar Jain Francois Belletti and Ed H. Chi. 2019. Top-k off-policy correction for a reinforce recommender system. In Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM'19). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 456--464. 10.1145\/3289600.3290999","DOI":"10.1145\/3289600.3290999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1145\/2578726.2578756","volume-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval","author":"Chen Yan-Ying","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan-Ying Chen, Tao Chen, Winston H. Hsu, Hong-Yuan Mark Liao, and Shih-Fu Chang. 2014. Predicting viewer affective comments based on image content in social media. In Proceedings of International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval. ACM, Glasgow United Kingdom, 233\u2013240. DOI:10.1145\/2578726.2578756"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555646"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","first-page":"1877","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR","author":"Chien Steve","year":"2021","unstructured":"Steve Chien, Prateek Jain, Walid Krichene, Steffen Rendle, Shuang Song, Abhradeep Thakurta, and Li Zhang. 2021. Private alternating least squares: Practical private matrix completion with tighter rates. In Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 1877\u20131887. Retrieved January 7, 2022 from https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v139\/chien21a.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","article-title":"Sharing learnings about our image cropping algorithm","author":"Chowdhury Rumman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rumman Chowdhury. 2021. Sharing learnings about our image cropping algorithm. Twitter. Retrieved October 14, 2021 from https:\/\/blog.twitter.com\/engineering\/en_us\/topics\/insights\/2021\/sharing-learnings-about-our-image-cropping-algorithm","journal-title":"Twitter"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939746","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD\u201916)","author":"Christakopoulou Konstantina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Konstantina Christakopoulou, Filip Radlinski, and Katja Hofmann. 2016. Towards conversational recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD\u201916). Association for Computing Machinery, 815\u2013824. DOI:10.1145\/2939672.2939746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jennifer Cobbe and Jatinder Singh. 2019. Regulating Recommending: Motivations Considerations and Principles. EJLT 10 3 (2019). DOI:10.2139\/ssrn.3371830","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3371830"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","unstructured":"Council of Europe. 2020. Guide on Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.echr.coe.int\/documents\/guide_art_8_eng.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2018.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","volume-title":"Personalizing the Public: Personalising Linear Radio at a Public Service Broadcaster","author":"Cowlishaw Tim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tim Cowlishaw, Todd Burlington, David Man, Jakub Fiala, Rhiannon Barrington, and George Wright. 2018. Personalizing the Public: Personalising Linear Radio at a Public Service Broadcaster. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ibc.org\/personalising-the-public-linear-radio-\/3293.article"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-008-9051-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy","author":"Csikszentmihalyi Mark","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mark Csikszentmihalyi. 2020. Confucius. In Proceedings of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (Ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved October 21, 2021 from https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/sum2020\/entries\/confucius\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","unstructured":"Alexander D'Amour Katherine Heller Dan Moldovan Ben Adlam Babak Alipanahi Alex Beutel Christina Chen Jonathan Deaton Jacob Eisenstein Matthew D. Hoffman Farhad Hormozdiari Neil Houlsby Shaobo Hou Ghassen Jerfel Alan Karthikesalingam Mario Lucic Yian Ma Cory McLean Diana Mincu Akinori Mitani Andrea Montanari Zachary Nado Vivek Natarajan Christopher Nielson Thomas F. Osborne Rajiv Raman Kim Ramasamy Rory Sayres Jessica Schrouff Martin Seneviratne Shannon Sequeira Harini Suresh Victor Veitch Max Vladymyrov Xuezhi Wang Kellie Webster Steve Yadlowsky Taedong Yun Xiaohua Zhai and D. Sculley. 2020. Underspecification Presents Challenges for Credibility in Modern Machine Learning. Journal of Machine Learning Research 23 226 (2022) 1--61. Retrieved from http:\/\/jmlr.org\/papers\/v23\/20-1335.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on World Wide Web","author":"Das Abhinandan S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abhinandan S. Das, Mayur Datar, Ashutosh Garg, and Shyam Rajaram. 2007. Google news personalization: Scalable online collaborative filtering. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on World Wide Web. ACM Press, 271. DOI:10.1145\/1242572.1242610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","unstructured":"Aparna Das Claire Mathieu and Daniel Ricketts. 2009. Maximizing profit using recommender systems. (2009). Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/0908.3633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2015.1128977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3407190"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","unstructured":"Joaquin Delgado Samuel Lind Carl Radecke and Satish Konijeti. 2019. Simple objectives work better. Retrieved from http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2440\/paper5.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","unstructured":"\u00c1ngel D\u00edaz and Laura Hecht-Felella. 2021. Double standards in social media content moderation. (August 2021). Brennan Center for Justice. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-08\/Double_Standards_Content_Moderation.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM\u201920)","author":"Diaz Fernando","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fernando Diaz, Bhaskar Mitra, Michael D. Ekstrand, Asia J. Biega, and Ben Carterette. 2020. Evaluating stochastic rankings with expected exposure. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM\u201920). Association for Computing Machinery, 275\u2013284. DOI:10.1145\/3340531.3411962"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","article-title":"The challenge of defining wellbeing","volume":"2","author":"Dodge Rachel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rachel Dodge, Annette P. Daly, Jan Huyton, and Lalage D. Sanders. 2012. The challenge of defining wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing 2, 3 (2012), 222--232. Retrieved December 2, 2021 from https:\/\/www.internationaljournalofwellbeing.org\/index.php\/ijow\/article\/view\/89","journal-title":"International Journal of Wellbeing"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/jod.2019.0029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","article-title":"The limits of international law in content moderation","author":"Douek Evelyn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evelyn Douek. 2021. The limits of international law in content moderation. UC Irvine Journal of International, Transnational, and Comparative Law 6, 1 (May 2021), 1--37. Retrieved from https:\/\/scholarship.law.uci.edu\/ucijil\/vol6\/iss1\/4","journal-title":"UC Irvine Journal of International, Transnational, and Comparative Law"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Evelyn Douek. 2020. Governing Online Speech: From \u201cPosts-as-Trumps\u201d to Proportionality and Probability. CLJ 121 3 (2020) 759--834. 10.2139\/ssrn.3679607","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3679607"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2021.1939197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/idpl\/ipz011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","unstructured":"Gabriel Dulac-Arnold Richard Evans Hado van Hasselt Peter Sunehag Timothy Lillicrap Jonathan Hunt Timothy Mann Theophane Weber Thomas Degris and Ben Coppin. 2015. Deep reinforcement learning in large discrete action spaces. arXiv:1512.07679. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/15212.07679"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13510347.2012.697056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/0400000042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","volume-title":"Civic Responsibility and Higher Education","author":"Ehrlich Thomas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thomas Ehrlich. 2000. Civic Responsibility and Higher Education. Oryx Press, Westport, Conn."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Recommender Systems Handbook","author":"Ekstrand Michael D.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Michael D. Ekstrand, Anabruta Das, Robin Burke, and Fernando Diaz. 2021. Fairness in recommender systems. In Proceedings of the Recommender Systems Handbook. Francesco Ricci, Lior Roach and Bracha Shapira (Eds.), Springer-Verlag."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000079","article-title":"Fairness in information access systems","volume":"16","author":"Ekstrand Michael D.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Michael D. Ekstrand, Anubrata Das, Robin Burke, and Fernando Diaz. 2022. Fairness in information access systems. Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval 16, 1\u20132 (2022), 1\u2013177.","journal-title":"Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_2","first-page":"172","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency","author":"Ekstrand Michael D.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Michael D. Ekstrand, Mucun Tian, Ion Madrazo Azpiazu, Jennifer D. Ekstrand, Oghenemaro Anuyah, David McNeill, and Maria Soledad Pera. 2018. All The Cool Kids, How Do They Fit In?: Popularity and demographic biases in recommender evaluation and effectiveness. In Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency. PMLR, 172\u2013186. Retrieved November 10, 2021 from https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v81\/ekstrand18b.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1109\/ICQR.2011.6031720","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Quality and Reliability","author":"Eskildsen Jacob K.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jacob K. Eskildsen and Kai Kristensen. 2011. The gender bias of the Net Promoter Score. In Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Quality and Reliability. 254\u2013258. DOI:10.1109\/ICQR.2011.6031720"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_2","unstructured":"European Commission. 2016. General data protection regulation. Retrieved November 19 2021 from https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2016\/679\/oj"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_2","unstructured":"European Commission. 2022. Regulation (EU) 2022\/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 October 2022 on a Single Market For Digital Services and amending Directive 2000\/31\/EC (Digital Services Act). Retrieved October 10 2023 from https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=celex%3A32022R2065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_2","unstructured":"Charles Evans and Atoosa Kasirzadeh. 2021. User tampering in reinforcement learning recommender systems. arXiv:2109.04083 (2021). Retrieved September 27 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2109.04083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carrie Exton and Michal Shinwell. 2018. Policy use of well-being metrics: Describing Countries\u2019 Experiences. OECD Statistics and Data Directorate OECD Paris FR. 10.1787\/d98eb8ed-en","DOI":"10.1787\/d98eb8ed-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_2","unstructured":"Facebook. 2019. People Publishers the Community. Facebook Newsroom. Retrieved October 8 2021 from https:\/\/about.fb.com\/news\/2019\/04\/people-publishers-the-community\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_2","unstructured":"Facebook. 2021. Facebook's Corporate Human Rights Policy. Retrieved December 8 2021 from https:\/\/about.fb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Facebooks-Corporate-Human-Rights-Policy.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_2","unstructured":"Facebook. 2021. Our Approach to Ranking. Facebook Transparency Center. Retrieved October 28 2021 from https:\/\/transparency.fb.com\/features\/ranking-and-content\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_2","unstructured":"Marc Faddoul Guillaume Chaslot and Hany Farid. 2020. A Longitudinal Analysis of YouTube's Promotion of Conspiracy Videos. CoRR abs\/2003.03318 (2020). Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2003.03318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_112_2","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing","author":"Faltings Boi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boi Faltings, Radu Jurca, Pearl Pu, and Bao Duy Tran. 2014. Incentives to counter bias in human computation. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing. 59\u201366. Retrieved January 7, 2022 from https:\/\/ojs.aaai.org\/index.php\/HCOMP\/article\/view\/13145"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jenny Fan and Amy X. Zhang. 2020. Digital Juries: A civics-oriented approach to platform governance. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'20). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 1--14. 10.1145\/3313831.3376293","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1145\/2783258.2783311","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","author":"Feldman Michael","year":"2015","unstructured":"Michael Feldman, Sorelle A. Friedler, John Moeller, Carlos Scheidegger, and Suresh Venkatasubramanian. 2015. Certifying and removing disparate impact. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. 259\u2013268."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_115_2","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Proceedings of the OHARS Workshop, 14th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems","author":"Fernandez Miriam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miriam Fernandez and Alejandro Bellog\u00edn. 2020. Recommender systems and Misinformation: The problem or the solution? In Proceedings of the OHARS Workshop, 14th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. 9."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_116_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the FATREC Workshop at RecSys 2018","author":"Fields Benjamin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benjamin Fields, Rhianne Jones, and Tim Cowlishaw. 2018. The case for public service recommender algorithms. In Proceedings of the FATREC Workshop at RecSys 2018. Vancouver. Retrieved December 5, 2021 from https:\/\/piret.gitlab.io\/fatrec2018\/program\/fatrec2018-fields.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_117_2","article-title":"Principled artificial intelligence: Mapping consensus in ethical and rights-based approaches to principles for AI","author":"Fjeld Jessica","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jessica Fjeld, Nele Achten, Hannah Hilligoss, Adam Nagy, and Madhulika Srikumar. 2020. Principled artificial intelligence: Mapping consensus in ethical and rights-based approaches to principles for AI. In Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society, Cambridge, MA. Retrieved June 10, 2021 from https:\/\/dash.harvard.edu\/handle\/1\/42160420","journal-title":"Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448211027393"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444817724170"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_120_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ICJCAI-PRICAI 2020 Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Safety","author":"Freedman Rachel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rachel Freedman, Rohin Shah, and Anca Dragan. 2020. Choice Set Misspecification in Reward Inference. In Proceedings of the ICJCAI-PRICAI 2020 Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Safety. Retrieved August 18, 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2101.07691"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joep.2007.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Batya Friedman David G. Hendry and Alan Borning. 2017. A survey of value sensitive design methods Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Human--Computer Interaction 11 2 (2017) 63--125. 10.1561\/1100000015","DOI":"10.1561\/1100000015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_123_2","article-title":"Value sensitive design: Theory and methods","author":"Friedman Batya","year":"2002","unstructured":"Batya Friedman, Peter H. Kahn, and Alan Borning. 2002. Value sensitive design: Theory and methods. University of Washington Technical Report 2, 8 (2002). 1-8. Retrieved from https:\/\/dada.cs.washington.edu\/research\/tr\/2002\/12\/UW-CSE-02-12-01.pdf","journal-title":"University of Washington Technical Report"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650215617506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(86)90014-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_126_2","volume-title":"A Primer in Social Choice Theory: Revised Edition","author":"Gaertner Wulf","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wulf Gaertner. 2009. A Primer in Social Choice Theory: Revised Edition. OUP Oxford."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_127_2","unstructured":"Jason Gauci Edoardo Conti Yitao Liang Kittipat Virochsiri Yuchen He Zachary Kaden Vivek Narayanan Xiaohui Ye Zhengxing Chen and Scott Fujimoto. 2019. Horizon: Facebook's open source applied reinforcement learning platform. arXiv:1811.00260. Retrieved November 30 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1811.00260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1145\/3292500.3330691","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","author":"Geyik Sahin Cem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sahin Cem Geyik, Stuart Ambler, and Krishnaram Kenthapadi. 2019. Fairness-Aware ranking in search and recommendation systems with application to linkedin talent search. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. ACM, 2221\u20132231. DOI:10.1145\/3292500.3330691"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_129_2","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","author":"Gilotte Alexandre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alexandre Gilotte, Cl\u00e9ment Calauz\u00e8nes, Thomas Nedelec, Alexandre Abraham, and Simon Doll\u00e9. 2018. Offline A\/B testing for recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. ACM, 198\u2013206. DOI:10.1145\/3159652.3159687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_130_2","unstructured":"Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism. 2021. Content-Sharing Algorithms Processes and Positive Interventions Working Group Part 1: Content-Sharing Algorithms and Processes. Retrieved January 3 2022 from https:\/\/gifct.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/GIFCT-CAPI1-2021.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_131_2","first-page":"1487","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD\u201917)","author":"Golovin Daniel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Daniel Golovin, Benjamin Solnik, Subhodeep Moitra, Greg Kochanski, John Karro, and D. Sculley. 2017. Google vizier: A service for black-box optimization. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD\u201917). Association for Computing Machinery, 1487\u20131495. DOI:10.1145\/3097983.3098043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_132_2","article-title":"On YouTube's recommendation system","author":"Goodrow Christos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Christos Goodrow. 2021. On YouTube's recommendation system. YouTube blog. Retrieved November 19, 2021 from https:\/\/blog.youtube\/inside-youtube\/on-youtubes-recommendation-system\/","journal-title":"YouTube blog"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_133_2","unstructured":"Google. 2020. Recommendation Systems Overview. Google Developers. Retrieved January 5 2022 from https:\/\/developers.google.com\/machine-learning\/recommendation\/overview\/types"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_134_2","unstructured":"Google. 2021. AI At Google: Our Principles. Retrieved November 2 2021 from https:\/\/ai.google\/principles\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mitchell L. Gordon Kaitlyn Zhou and Michael S. Bernstein. 2021. The disagreement deconvolution\u202f: Bringing machine learning performance metrics in line with reality. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'21). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 1--14. 10.1145\/3411764.3445423","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445423"},{"issue":"6412","key":"e_1_3_3_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau5234","article-title":"Well-being in metrics and policy","volume":"362","author":"Graham Carol","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carol Graham, Kate Laffan, and Sergio Pinto. 2018. Well-being in metrics and policy. Science 362 6412, (2018), 287\u2013288.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Francis Green. 2011. Unpacking the misery multiplier: How employability modifies the impacts of unemployment and job insecurity on life satisfaction and mental health. Journal of Health Economics 30 2 (2011) 265\u2013276. DOI:10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2010.12.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2010.12.005"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2753\/JEC1086-4415110204","article-title":"Persuasion in recommender systems","volume":"11","author":"Gretzel Ulrike","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ulrike Gretzel and Daniel R. Fesenmaier. 2006. Persuasion in recommender systems. International Journal of Electronic Commerce 11, 2 (2006), 81\u2013100.","journal-title":"International Journal of Electronic Commerce"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tmb0000005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_140_2","unstructured":"Andrew Guess Benjamin Lyons Brendan Nyhan and Jason Reifler. 2018. Avoiding the Echo Chamber about Echo Chambers: Why selective exposure to like-minded political news is less prevalent than you think. Retrieved from https:\/\/kf-site-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/media_elements\/files\/000\/000\/133\/original\/Topos_KF_White-Paper_Nyhan_V1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_141_2","volume-title":"2020 USENIX Conference on Operational Machine Learning","author":"Gupta Viral","year":"2020","unstructured":"Viral Gupta and Yunbo Ouyang. 2020. Rise of the Machines: Removing the {Human-in-the-Loop}. In 2020 USENIX Conference on Operational Machine Learning. Retrieved January 2, 2022 from https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/opml20\/presentation\/gupta"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1145\/3306618.3314250","volume-title":"AIES\u201919: Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","author":"Hadfield-Menell Dylan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dylan Hadfield-Menell and Gillian K. Hadfield. 2019. Incomplete contracting and AI alignment. In AIES\u201919: Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. 417\u2013422. DOI:10.1145\/3306618.3314250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3462671"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1145\/3298689.3347014","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems","author":"Harambam Jaron","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jaron Harambam, Dimitrios Bountouridis, Mykola Makhortykh, and Joris van Hoboken. 2019. Designing for the better by taking users into account: A qualitative evaluation of user control mechanisms in (news) recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, ACM, Copenhagen Denmark, 69\u201377. DOI:10.1145\/3298689.3347014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jaron Harambam Natali Helberger and Joris Van Hoboken. 2018. Democratizing algorithmic news recommenders: How to materialize voice in a technologically saturated media ecosystem. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 376 2133 (October 2018) 20180088. 10.1098\/rsta.2018.0088","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2018.0088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peter Hase and Mohit Bansal. 2020. Evaluating Explainable AI: Which Algorithmic Explanations Help Users Predict Model Behavior? arXiv:2005.01831. Retrieved September 16 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.01831","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.491"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_147_2","first-page":"2009","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Information and Knowledge Management","author":"Hassan Ahmed","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ahmed Hassan and Ryen W. White. 2013. Personalized models of search satisfaction. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Information and Knowledge Management. 2009\u20132018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Natali Helberger. 2019. On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders. Digital Journalism 7 8 (2019) 993\u20131012. DOI:10.1080\/21670811.2019.1623700","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2019.1623700"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_150_2","article-title":"Regulation of news recommenders in the Digital Services Act: Empowering David against the Very Large Online Goliath","author":"Helberger Natali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Natali Helberger, Max von Drunen, Sanne Vrijenhoek, and Judith M\u00f6ller. 2021. Regulation of news recommenders in the Digital Services Act: Empowering David against the Very Large Online Goliath. Internet Policy Review (2021). Retrieved July 23, 2021 from https:\/\/policyreview.info\/articles\/news\/regulation-news-recommenders-digital-services-act-empowering-david-against-very-large","journal-title":"Internet Policy Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Natali Helberger Kari Karppinen and Lucia D'Acunto. 2018. Exposure diversity as a design principle for recommender systems. Information Communication & Society 21 2 (2018) 191\u2013207. DOI:10.1080\/1369118X.2016.1271900","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2016.1271900"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_152_2","unstructured":"Natali Helberger Paddy Leerssen and Max Van Drunen. 2019. Germany proposes Europe's first diversity rules for social media platforms. Retrieved October 25 2020 from https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/medialse\/2019\/05\/29\/germany-proposes-europes-first-diversity-rules-for-social-media-platforms\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2002.05651"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-013-0384-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_155_2","volume-title":"Do Facts Matter?: Information and Misinformation in American Politics","author":"Hochschild Jennifer L.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jennifer L. Hochschild and Katherine Levine Einstein. 2015. Do Facts Matter?: Information and Misinformation in American Politics. University of Oklahoma Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1145\/3391403.3399532","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Economics and Computation (EC\u201920)","author":"Holtz David","year":"2020","unstructured":"David Holtz, Ben Carterette, Praveen Chandar, Zahra Nazari, Henriette Cramer, and Sinan Aral. 2020. The engagement-diversity connection: Evidence from a field experiment on spotify. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Economics and Computation (EC\u201920). Association for Computing Machinery, 75\u201376. DOI:10.1145\/3391403.3399532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_157_2","unstructured":"Homa Hosseinmardi Amir Ghasemian Aaron Clauset David M. Rothschild Markus Mobius and Duncan J. Watts. 2020. Evaluating the scale growth and origins of right-wing echo chambers on YouTube. arXiv:2011.12843. Retrieved from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2011.12843"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_158_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI\u201920)","author":"Hsu Silas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silas Hsu, Kristen Vaccaro, Yin Yue, Aimee Rickman, and Karrie Karahalios. 2020. Awareness, navigation, and use of feed control settings online. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI\u201920). Association for Computing Machinery, 1\u201313. DOI:10.1145\/3313831.3376583"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_159_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy","author":"Hursthouse Rosalind","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosalind Hursthouse and Glen Pettigrove. 2018. Virtue Ethics. In Proceedings of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (Ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved October 21, 2021 from https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/win2018\/entries\/ethics-virtue\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferenc Husz\u00e1r Sofia Ira Ktena Conor O'Brien Luca Belli Andrew Schlaikjer and Moritz Hardt. 2022. Algorithmic Amplification of Politics on Twitter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119 1 (2022) e2025334119. 10.1073\/pnas.2025334119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025334119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_161_2","first-page":"2592","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","author":"Ie Eugene","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eugene Ie, Vihan Jain, Jing Wang, Sanmit Narvekar, Ritesh Agarwal, Rui Wu, Heng-Tze Cheng, Tushar Chandra, and Craig Boutilier. 2019. SlateQ: A tractable decomposition for reinforcement learning with recommendation sets. In Proceedings of the 28th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization. Macao, China, 2592\u20132599. DOI:10.24963\/ijcai.2019\/360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2020.9084219"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"IEEE. 2021. IEEE Standard Model Process for Addressing Ethical Concerns during System Design. IEEE Std 7000-2021 (2021) 1--82. 10.1109\/IEEESTD.2021.9536679","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2021.9536679"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACII52823.2021.9597431"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_165_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology","author":"Jackman Simon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Simon Jackman. 2008. Measurement. In Proceedings of the Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology. Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady and David Collier (Eds.), Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199286546.003.0006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445901","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","author":"Jacobs Abigail Z.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abigail Z. Jacobs and Hanna Wallach. 2021. Measurement and Fairness. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. ACM, Virtual Event Canada, 375\u2013385. DOI:10.1145\/3442188.3445901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_167_2","first-page":"2215","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Jain Prateek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prateek Jain, Om Dipakbhai Thakkar, and Abhradeep Thakurta. 2018. Differentially private matrix completion revisited. In Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 2215\u20132224. Retrieved January 7, 2022 from https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v80\/jain18b.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dietmar Jannach and Gediminas Adomavicius. 2016. Recommendations with a purpose. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys'16). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 7--10. 10.1145\/2959100.2959186","DOI":"10.1145\/2959100.2959186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_169_2","volume-title":"Price and Profit Awareness in Recommender Systems","author":"Jannach Dietmar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dietmar Jannach and Gediminas Adomavicius. 2017. Price and Profit Awareness in Recommender Systems. Como, Italy. Retrieved from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1707.08029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dietmar Jannach and Michael Jugovac. 2019. Measuring the business value of recommender systems. Inf. Syst. 10 4 Article 16 (2019) 23 pages. 10.1145\/3370082","DOI":"10.1145\/3370082"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3453154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-53676-7_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the E-Commerce and Web Technologies","author":"Jannach Dietmar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dietmar Jannach, Sidra Naveed, and Michael Jugovac. 2017. User Control in Recommender Systems: Overview and Interaction Challenges. In Proceedings of the E-Commerce and Web Technologies. Derek Bridge and Heiner Stuckenschmidt (Eds.), Springer International Publishing, Cham, 21\u201333. DOI:10.1007\/978-3-319-53676-7_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_173_2","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Information Heterogeneity and Fusion in Recommender Systems (HetRec\u201910)","author":"Jawaheer Gawesh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gawesh Jawaheer, Martin Szomszor, and Patty Kostkova. 2010. Comparison of implicit and explicit feedback from an online music recommendation service. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Information Heterogeneity and Fusion in Recommender Systems (HetRec\u201910). Association for Computing Machinery, 47\u201351. DOI:10.1145\/1869446.1869453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6894-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_175_2","first-page":"310","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems","author":"Jeunen Olivier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Olivier Jeunen and Bart Goethals. 2021. Top-K contextual bandits with equity of exposure. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, 310\u2013320. Retrieved November 10, 2021 from 10.1145\/3460231.3474248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ray Jiang Silvia Chiappa Tor Lattimore Andr\u00e1s Gy\u00f6rgy and Pushmeet Kohli. 2019. Degenerate feedback loops in recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI Ethics and Society (AIES'19). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 383--390. 10.1145\/3306618.3314288","DOI":"10.1145\/3306618.3314288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_177_2","article-title":"How Do Different Levels of User Control Affect Cognitive Load and Acceptance of Recommendations?","author":"Jin Yucheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yucheng Jin, Bruno Cardoso, and Katrien Verbert. 2017. How Do Different Levels of User Control Affect Cognitive Load and Acceptance of Recommendations? In Proceedings of the 4th Joint Workshop on Interfaces and Human Decision Making for Recommender Systems co-located with ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys'17), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 35--42.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Joint Workshop on Interfaces and Human Decision Making for Recommender Systems co-located with ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys'17)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1145\/3447548.3467298","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","author":"Kalimeris Dimitris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dimitris Kalimeris, Smriti Bhagat, Shankar Kalyanaraman, and Udi Weinsberg. 2021. Preference amplification in recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. ACM, Virtual Event Singapore, 805\u2013815. DOI:10.1145\/3447548.3467298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_179_2","article-title":"Facebook removed the news feed algorithm in an experiment","author":"Kantrowitz Alex","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alex Kantrowitz. 2021. Facebook removed the news feed algorithm in an experiment. Then It Gave Up. Big Technology. Retrieved April 2, 2022 from https:\/\/bigtechnology.substack.com\/p\/facebook-removed-the-news-feed-algorithm","journal-title":"Then It Gave Up. Big Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_180_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mozhgan Karimi Dietmar Jannach and Michael Jugovac. 2018. News recommender systems \u2013 Survey and roads ahead. Information Processing & Management 54 6 (2018) 1203--1227. 10.1016\/j.ipm.2018.04.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2018.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa8203_05"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_182_2","unstructured":"Daphne Keller. 2018. Internet platforms: Observations on speech danger and money. Hoover Institution's Aegis Paper Series 1807 (2018). 1--44. Retrieved from https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3262936"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_183_2","article-title":"Amplification and Its Discontents","author":"Keller Daphne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Daphne Keller. 2021. Amplification and Its Discontents. Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University. Retrieved March 28, 2022 from https:\/\/knightcolumbia.org\/content\/amplification-and-its-discontents","journal-title":"Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_184_2","unstructured":"Lianne Kerlin. 2020. Human values: Understanding psychological needs in a digital age. Retrieved from http:\/\/downloads.bbc.co.uk\/rd\/pubs\/whp\/whp-pdf-files\/WHP371.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_185_2","unstructured":"Douwe Kiela Hamed Firooz Aravind Mohan Vedanuj Goswami Amanpreet Singh Pratik Ringshia and Davide Testuggine. 2021. The hateful memes challenge: Detecting hate speech in multimodal memes. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 2020. Curran Associates Inc. 2611--2624. Retrieved from https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper_files\/paper\/2020\/file\/1b84c4cee2b8b3d823b30e2d604b1878-Paper.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_186_2","first-page":"2668","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR","author":"Kim Been","year":"2018","unstructured":"Been Kim, Martin Wattenberg, Justin Gilmer, Carrie Cai, James Wexler, Fernanda Viegas, and Rory Sayres. 2018. Interpretability beyond feature attribution: Quantitative testing with concept activation vectors (TCAV). In Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 2668\u20132677. Retrieved January 2, 2022 from https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v80\/kim18d.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_187_2","first-page":"325","article-title":"Culture and self-expression 1 culture and Self-Expression","author":"Kim Heejung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Heejung Kim and Deborah Ko. 2007. Culture and self-expression 1 culture and Self-Expression. In Proceedings of the Frontiers of Social Psychology: The Self. 325\u2013342.","journal-title":"Frontiers of Social Psychology: The Self"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bart P. Knijnenburg Saadhika Sivakumar and Daricia Wilkinson. 2016. Recommender systems for self-actualization. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys'16). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 11--14. 10.1145\/2959100.2959189","DOI":"10.1145\/2959100.2959189"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_189_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17496535.2010.484255"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_190_2","unstructured":"Narine Kokhlikyan Vivek Miglani Miguel Martin Edward Wang Bilal Alsallakh Jonathan Reynolds Alexander Melnikov Natalia Kliushkina Carlos Araya Siqi Yan and Orion Reblitz-Richardson. 2020. Captum: A unified and generic model interpretability library for PyTorch. arXiv:2009.07896. Retrieved December 1 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2009.07896"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-019-0217-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_193_2","unstructured":"David Scott Krueger Tegan Maharaj and Jan Leike. 2020. Hidden incentives for auto-induced distributional shift. ArXiv abs\/2009.09153 (September 2020). Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2009.09153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_194_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (AIES\u201921)","author":"Kuhlman Caitlin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Caitlin Kuhlman, Walter Gerych, and Elke Rundensteiner. 2021. Measuring group advantage: A comparative study of fair ranking metrics. In Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (AIES\u201921). DOI:10.1145\/3461702.3462588"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_195_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matev\u017e Kunaver and Toma\u017e Po\u017erl. 2017. Diversity in recommender systems \u2013 A survey. Knowledge-Based Systems 123 (2017) 154\u2013162. DOI:10.1016\/j.knosys.2017.02.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2017.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_196_2","unstructured":"Akos Lada Meihong Wang and Tak Yan. 2021. How machine learning powers Facebook's News Feed ranking algorithm. Engineering at Meta. Retrieved December 13 2021 from https:\/\/engineering.fb.com\/2021\/01\/26\/ml-applications\/news-feed-ranking\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_197_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2018.3093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_198_2","volume-title":"Human Rights Impact Assessments for AI: Learning from Facebook's Failure in Myanmar","author":"Latonero Mark","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mark Latonero and Aaina Agarwal. 2021. Human Rights Impact Assessments for AI: Learning from Facebook's Failure in Myanmar. Carr Center for Human Rights Policy Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_199_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2200\/S00371ED1V01Y201107AIM013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_200_2","first-page":"2957","volume-title":"Proceedings of the World Wide Web Conference","author":"Le Huyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huyen Le, Raven Maragh, Brian Ekdale, Andrew High, Timothy Havens, and Zubair Shafiq. 2019. Measuring political personalization of google news search. In Proceedings of the World Wide Web Conference. ACM, San Francisco CA, 2957\u20132963. DOI:10.1145\/3308558.3313682"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_201_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mark Ledwich and Anna Zaitsev. 2019. Algorithmic Extremism: Examining YouTube's rabbit hole of radicalization. arXiv:1912.11211. Retrieved May 19 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1912.11211","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v25i3.10419"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_202_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Min Kyung Lee Daniel Kusbit Anson Kahng Ji Tae Kim Xinran Yuan Allissa Chan Daniel See Ritesh Noothigattu Siheon Lee Alexandros Psomas and Ariel D Procaccia. 2019. Webuildai: Participatory framework for algorithmic governance. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 3 CSCW Article 181 (2019) 1--35. 10.1145\/3359283","DOI":"10.1145\/3359283"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_203_2","unstructured":"Claire Leibowicz Connie Moon Sehat Adriana Stephan and Jonathan Stray. 2021. If We Want Platforms to Think Beyond Engagement We Have to Know What We Want Instead. Retrieved November 17 2021 from https:\/\/medium.com\/partnership-on-ai\/if-we-want-platforms-to-think-beyond-engagement-we-have-to-know-what-we-want-instead-a8cfbfbf6688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_204_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1145\/3184558.3186949","volume-title":"Companion Web Conference 2018 on The Web Conference 2018 - WWW\u201918","author":"Leonhardt Jurek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jurek Leonhardt, Avishek Anand, and Megha Khosla. 2018. User fairness in recommender systems. In Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2018 on The Web Conference 2018 - WWW\u201918. ACM, Lyon, France, 101\u2013102. DOI:10.1145\/3184558.3186949"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_205_2","first-page":"624","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021","author":"Li Yunqi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yunqi Li, Hanxiong Chen, Zuohui Fu, Yingqiang Ge, and Yongfeng Zhang. 2021. User-oriented fairness in recommendation. In Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021. Association for Computing Machinery, 624\u2013632. Retrieved January 2, 2022 from 10.1145\/3442381.3449866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_206_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010641"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_207_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Felicia Loecherbach Judith Moeller Damian Trilling and Wouter van Atteveldt. 2020. The unified framework of media diversity: A systematic literature review 8 5 (2020) 605\u2013642. DOI:10.1080\/21670811.2020.1764374","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2020.1764374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_208_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1145\/3447535.3462506","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th ACM Web Science Conference 2021","author":"Loecherbach Felicia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Felicia Loecherbach, Kasper Welbers, Judith Moeller, Damian Trilling, and Wouter Van Atteveldt. 2021. Is this a click towards diversity? Explaining when and why news users make diverse choices. In Proceedings of the 13th ACM Web Science Conference 2021. ACM, Virtual Event United Kingdom, 282\u2013290. DOI:10.1145\/3447535.3462506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_209_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01056-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_210_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Philipp Lorenz-Spreen Lisa Oswald Stephan Lewandowsky and Ralph Hertwig. 2023. A systematic review of worldwide causal and correlational evidence on digital media and democracy. Nature Human Behaviour 7 1 (January 2023) 74--101. 10.1038\/s41562-022-01460-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-022-01460-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_211_2","unstructured":"Raphael Louca Moumita Bhattacharya Diane Hu and Liangjie Hong. 2019. Joint Optimization of Profit and Relevance for Recommendation Systems in E-commerce. In RMSE@ RecSys 2440 (September 2019) 4--7. Retrieved from https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2440\/short1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_212_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-016-0111-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_213_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_214_2","unstructured":"David Manheim and Scott Garrabrant. 2018. Categorizing Variants of Goodhart's Law. arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.04585 (March 2018). Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1803.04585"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_215_2","unstructured":"Joel Eduardo Martinez and Elizabeth Levy Paluck. 2020. Quantifying shared and idiosyncratic judgments of racism in social discourse. (2020). Retrieved from https:\/\/psyarxiv.com\/kfpjg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_216_2","unstructured":"Sara Mattingly-Jordan Bob Donaldson Phillip Gray and L. Maria Ingram. 2019. Ethically alsigned design first edition glossary. Retrieved from https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/content\/dam\/ieee-standards\/standards\/web\/documents\/other\/ead1e_glossary.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_217_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448221104413"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_218_2","article-title":"An algorithm for empowering public service news","author":"Mccaffery Colum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Colum Mccaffery. 2020. An algorithm for empowering public service news. Polis. Retrieved October 8, 2021 from https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/polis\/2020\/09\/28\/this-swedish-radio-algorithm-gets-reporters-out-in-society\/","journal-title":"Polis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_219_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716218818782"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_220_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6629(198601)14:1<6::AID-JCOP2290140103>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_221_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25148\/etd.FI12072703"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_222_2","first-page":"626","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion","author":"Mehrotra Rishabh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rishabh Mehrotra, Ashton Anderson, Fernando Diaz, Amit Sharma, Hanna Wallach, and Emine Yilmaz. 2017. Auditing search engines for differential satisfaction across demographics. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion. 626\u2013633."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_223_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rishabh Mehrotra James McInerney Hugues Bouchard Mounia Lalmas and Fernando Diaz. 2018. Towards a Fair Marketplace: Counterfactual Evaluation of the tradeoff between Relevance Fairness and Satisfaction in Recommendation Systems. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM'18). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 2243--2251. 10.1145\/3269206.3272027","DOI":"10.1145\/3269206.3272027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_224_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3224","DOI":"10.1145\/3394486.3403374","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD\u201920)","author":"Mehrotra Rishabh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rishabh Mehrotra, Niannan Xue, and Mounia Lalmas. 2020. Bandit based optimization of multiple objectives on a music streaming platform. In Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD\u201920). Association for Computing Machinery, 3224\u20133233. DOI:10.1145\/3394486.3403374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_225_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christoph J. Meinrenken Scott M. Kaufman Siddharth Ramesh and Klaus S. Lackner. 2012. Fast carbon footprinting for large product portfolios. Journal of Industrial Ecology 16 5 (2012) 669\u2013679. DOI:10.1111\/j.1530-9290.2012.00463.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-9290.2012.00463.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_226_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspi0000336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_227_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-020-00950-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_228_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445933"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_229_2","first-page":"6987","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Mladenov Martin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martin Mladenov, Elliot Creager, Omer Ben-Porat, Kevin Swersky, Richard Zemel, and Craig Boutilier. 2020. Optimizing long-term social welfare in recommender systems: A constrained matching approach. In Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 6987\u20136998. Retrieved January 2, 2022 from https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v119\/mladenov20a.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_230_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2019\/439"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_231_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26458\/1746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_232_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Judith M\u00f6ller Damian Trilling Natali Helberger and Bram van Es. 2018. Do not blame it on the algorithm: An empirical assessment of multiple recommender systems and their impact on content diversity. Information Communication & Society 21 7 (July 2018) 959--977. 10.1080\/1369118X.2018.1444076","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2018.1444076"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_233_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-018-0353-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_234_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5506","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858116","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Morris Meredith Ringel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meredith Ringel Morris, Annuska Zolyomi, Catherine Yao, Sina Bahram, Jeffrey P. Bigham, and Shaun K. Kane. 2016. \u201cWith most of it being pictures now, I rarely use it\u201d: Understanding Twitter's Evolving Accessibility to Blind Users. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, San Jose California, 5506\u20135516. DOI:10.1145\/2858036.2858116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_235_2","unstructured":"Mozilla. 2021. How artificial intelligence fuels online disinformation: Relevant legislation. mozilla foundation. Retrieved November 19 2021 from https:\/\/foundation.mozilla.org\/en\/campaigns\/trained-for-deception-how-artificial-intelligence-fuels-online-disinformation\/relevant-legislation\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_236_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/pandp.20211078"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_237_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1940161220964767"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_238_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v24i6.10108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_239_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2012.0521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_240_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-011-9469-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_241_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-7376-8_13","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Data Protection on the Move: Current Developments in ICT and Privacy\/Data Protection","author":"Narayanan Arvind","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arvind Narayanan, Joanna Huey, and Edward W. Felten. 2016. A precautionary approach to big data privacy. In Proceedings of the Data Protection on the Move: Current Developments in ICT and Privacy\/Data Protection. Serge Gutwirth, Ronald Leenes and Paul De Hert (Eds.), Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 357\u2013385. DOI:10.1007\/978-94-017-7376-8_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_242_2","article-title":"How do humans understand explanations from machine learning systems?","author":"Narayanan Menaka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Menaka Narayanan, Emily Chen, Jeffrey He, Been Kim, Sam Gershman, and Finale Doshi-Velez. 2018. How do humans understand explanations from machine learning systems? An Evaluation of the Human-Interpretability of Explanation. arXiv:1802.00682. Retrieved January 5, 2022 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1802.00682","journal-title":"An Evaluation of the Human-Interpretability of Explanation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_243_2","unstructured":"National Opinion Research Center. 2013. General Social Survey Cumulative File 1972-2012. Retrieved November 11 2021 from http:\/\/people.wku.edu\/douglas.smith\/GSS%201972_2012%20Codebook.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_244_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBGE.2020.110820"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_245_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.07.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_246_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000558"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_247_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nima Noorshams Saurabh Verma and Aude Hofleitner. 2020. TIES: Temporal interaction embeddings for enhancing social media integrity at facebook. In Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining (KDD'20). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY USA 3128--3135. 10.1145\/3394486.3403364","DOI":"10.1145\/3394486.3403364"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_248_2","unstructured":"Norwegian Centre for Research Data. 2012. ESS Round 6: European Social Survey Round 6 Data (2012). Retrieved November 15 2021 from http:\/\/www.europeansocialsurvey.org\/data\/themes.html?t=personal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_249_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-017-9195-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_250_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06297-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_251_2","unstructured":"Gus O'Donnell Angus Deaton Martine Durand David Halpern and Richard Layard. 2014. Wellbeing and policy. Retrieved from https:\/\/li.com\/reports\/the-commission-on-wellbeing-and-policy\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_252_2","volume-title":"Enhancing Access to and Sharing of Data: Reconciling Risks and Benefits for Data Re-use across Societies","year":"2019","unstructured":"OECD. 2019. Enhancing Access to and Sharing of Data: Reconciling Risks and Benefits for Data Re-use across Societies. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. Retrieved October 14, 2021 from https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/science-and-technology\/enhancing-access-to-and-sharing-of-data_276aaca8-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_253_2","unstructured":"OECD. 2020. Better life index. Retrieved November 11 2021 from https:\/\/www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_254_2","volume-title":"Australian Perspectives on Misinformation","author":"O'Neil Mathieu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mathieu O'Neil and Michael J. Jensen. 2020. Australian Perspectives on Misinformation. News Media Research Centre, University of Canberra. Retrieved from https:\/\/researchprofiles.canberra.edu.au\/en\/publications\/australian-perspectives-on-misinformation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_255_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elinor Ostrom. 2000. Collective action and the evolution of social norms. Journal of Economic Perspectives 14 3 (2000) 137\u2013158. DOI:10.1257\/jep.14.3.137","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.14.3.137"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_256_2","unstructured":"Aviv Ovadya. 2021. Towards platform democracy: Policymaking beyond corporate CEOs and partisan pressure. Retrieved December 8 2021 from https:\/\/www.belfercenter.org\/publication\/towards-platform-democracy-policymaking-beyond-corporate-ceos-and-partisan-pressure"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_257_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shanto P. Yphtach Lelkes Matthew Levendusky Neil Malhotra and Sean J. Westwood. 2018. The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States. Annual Review of Political Science 22 129--146. 10.1146\/annurevpolisci-051117-073034","DOI":"10.1146\/annurevpolisci-051117-073034"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_258_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The sense of control and the sense of agency","volume":"13","author":"Pacherie Elisabeth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elisabeth Pacherie. 2007. The sense of control and the sense of agency. Psyche 13, 1 (2007), 1.","journal-title":"Psyche"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_259_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167210388667"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_260_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-021-00561-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_261_2","unstructured":"Jen Patja Howell Evelyn Douek Quinta Jurecic and David Kaye. 2021. The arrival of international human rights law in content moderation. The lawfare podcast. Retrieved December 17 2021 from https:\/\/www.lawfareblog.com\/lawfare-podcast-arrival-international-human-rights-law-content-moderation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_262_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806781116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_263_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gordon Pennycook and David Gertler Rand. 2022. Reducing the spread of fake news by shifting attention to accuracy: Meta-analytic evidence of replicability and generalizability. Nature Communications 13 1 (April 2022) 2333. 10.1038\/s41467-022-30073-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30073-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_264_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thomas F. Pettigrew and Linda R. Tropp. 2006. A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 90 5 (2006) 751\u2013783. DOI:10.1037\/0022-3514.90.5.751","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.90.5.751"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_265_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3890340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_266_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Markus Prior. 2013. Media and political polarization. Annual Review of Political Science 16 (2013) 101\u201327. DOI:10.1146\/annurev-polisci-100711-135242","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-polisci-100711-135242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_267_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797616678438"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_268_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2043932.2043962"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_269_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao Qi Fangzhao Wu Chuhan Wu Yongfeng Huang and Xing Xie. 2020. Privacy-Preserving news recommendation model learning. arXiv:2003.09592. Retrieved December 8 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2003.09592","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_270_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2009.00427.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_271_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3477495.3532018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_272_2","unstructured":"Amifa Raj Connor Wood Ananda Montoly and Michael D. Ekstrand. 2020. Comparing fair ranking metrics. arXiv:2009.01311. Retrieved November 10 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2009.01311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_273_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1145\/3351095.3372873","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","author":"Raji Inioluwa Deborah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Inioluwa Deborah Raji, Andrew Smart, Rebecca N. White, Margaret Mitchell, Timnit Gebru, Ben Hutchinson, Jamila Smith-Loud, Daniel Theron, and Parker Barnes. 2020. Closing the AI accountability gap: Defining an end-to-end framework for internal algorithmic auditing. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. 33\u201344."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_274_2","unstructured":"Ranking Digital Rights. 2020. 2020 Ranking Digital Rights Corporate Accountability Index. Ranking digital rights. Retrieved April 19 2022 from https:\/\/rankingdigitalrights.org\/index2020\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_275_2","volume-title":"Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning","author":"Rasmussen Carl Edward","year":"2006","unstructured":"Carl Edward Rasmussen and Christopher K. I. Williams. 2006. Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning. MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_276_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1145\/3351095.3372879","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT*\u201920)","author":"Ribeiro Manoel Horta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manoel Horta Ribeiro, Raphael Ottoni, Robert West, Virg\u00edlio A. F. Almeida, and Wagner Meira. 2020. Auditing radicalization pathways on YouTube. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT*\u201920). Association for Computing Machinery, 131\u2013141. DOI:10.1145\/3351095.3372879"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_277_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1145\/3351095.3372879","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT*\u201920)","author":"Ribeiro Manoel Horta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manoel Horta Ribeiro, Raphael Ottoni, Robert West, Virg\u00edlio A. F. Almeida, and W. M. Wagner Meira. 2020. Auditing radicalization pathways on YouTube. In Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT*\u201920). Barcelona, 131\u2013141. DOI:10.1145\/3351095.3372879"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_278_2","unstructured":"Samantha Robertson and Niloufar Salehi. 2020. What If I Don't Like Any Of The Choices? The Limits of Preference Elicitation for Participatory Algorithm Design. arXiv:2007.06718). Retrieved June 1 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2007.06718"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_279_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12229"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_280_2","unstructured":"David Rolnick Priya L. Donti Lynn H. Kaack Kelly Kochanski Alexandre Lacoste Kris Sankaran Andrew Slavin Ross Nikola Milojevic-Dupont Natasha Jaques Anna Waldman-Brown Alexandra Luccioni Tegan Maharaj Evan D. Sherwin S. Karthik Mukkavilli Konrad P. Kording Carla Gomes Andrew Y. Ng Demis Hassabis John C. Platt Felix Creutzig Jennifer Chayes and Yoshua Bengio. 2019. Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning. Retrieved September 26 2019 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1906.05433"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_281_2","unstructured":"Kevin Roose. 2019. The Making of a YouTube Radical. Retrieved April 5 2021 from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2019\/06\/08\/technology\/youtube-radical.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_282_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riob.2010.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_283_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cynthia Rudin. 2019. Stop explaining black box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use interpretable models instead. Nature Machine Intelligence 1 5 (May 2019) 206--215. 10.1038\/s42256-019-0048-x","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0048-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_284_2","volume-title":"Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control","author":"Russell Stuart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stuart Russell. 2019. Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control. Viking, New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_285_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agnieszka Rychwalska and Magdalena Roszczy\u0144ska-Kurasi\u0144ska. 2018. Polarization on Social Media: When Group Dynamics Leads to Societal Divides. In Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Honolulu HI 2088--2097. DOI:10.24251\/hicss.2018.263","DOI":"10.24251\/hicss.2018.263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_286_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.69.4.719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_287_2","unstructured":"Christian Sandvig Kevin Hamilton Karrie Karahalios and Cedric Langbort. 2014. Auditing algorithms: Research methods for detecting discrimination on internet platforms. In \u201cData and Discrimination: Converting Critical Concerns into Productive Inquiry\u201d Preconference at the 64th Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association. Seattle WA USA. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.kevinhamilton.org\/share\/papers\/Auditing%20Algorithms%20--%20Sandvig%20--%20ICA%202014%20Data%20and%20Discrimination%20Preconference.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_288_2","unstructured":"Maarten Sap Swabha Swayamdipta Laura Vianna Xuhui Zhou Yejin Choi and Noah A. Smith. 2021. Annotators with attitudes: How annotator beliefs and identities bias toxic language detection. arXiv:2111.07997. Retrieved November 30 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2111.07997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_289_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piotr Sapiezynski Wesley Zeng Ronald E. Robertson Alan Mislove and Christo Wilson. 2019. Quantifying the impact of user attention on fair group representation in ranked lists. arXiv:1901.10437. Retrieved December 2 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1901.10437","DOI":"10.1145\/3308560.3317595"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_290_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1993.72.2.539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_291_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3449861","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021","author":"Saveski Martin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martin Saveski, Brandon Roy, and Deb Roy. 2021. The structure of toxic conversations on twitter. Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021 (2021), 1086\u20131097. DOI:10.1145\/3442381.3449861"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_292_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daniel Schiff Aladdin Ayesh Laura Musikanski and John C. Havens. 2020. IEEE 7010: A new standard for assessing the well-being implications of artificial intelligence. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics (SMC) 2746--2753. 10.1109\/SMC42975.2020.9283454","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC42975.2020.9283454"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_293_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tobias Schnabel Saleema Amershi Paul N. Bennett Peter Bailey and Thorsten Joachims. 2020. The impact of more transparent interfaces on behavior in personalized recommendation. In Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR'20). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 991--1000. 10.1145\/3397271.3401117","DOI":"10.1145\/3397271.3401117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_294_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9707\/2307-0919.1116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_295_2","volume-title":"Collective Choice and Social Welfare","author":"Sen Amartya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amartya Sen. 2017. Collective Choice and Social Welfare. Harvard University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_296_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302437"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_297_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww189"},{"issue":"43","key":"e_1_3_3_298_2","first-page":"1265","article-title":"An MDP-Based recommender system","volume":"6","author":"Shani Guy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Guy Shani, David Heckerman, and Ronen I. Brafman. 2005. An MDP-Based recommender system. Journal of Machine Learning Research 6, 43 (2005), 1265\u20131295.","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_299_2","unstructured":"Elizabeth Hansen Shapiro Michael Sugarman Fernando Bermejo Media and Ethan Zuckerman. 2021. New approaches to Platform Data Research. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.netgainpartnership.org\/events\/2021\/2\/26\/new-approaches-to-platform-data-research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_300_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-71313-7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Cultural Heritage and Human Rights","author":"Silverman Helaine","year":"2007","unstructured":"Helaine Silverman and D. Fairchild Ruggles. 2007. Cultural heritage and human rights. In Proceedings of the Cultural Heritage and Human Rights. Helaine Silverman and D. Fairchild Ruggles (Eds.), Springer, New York, NY, 3\u201329. DOI:10.1007\/978-0-387-71313-7_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_301_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203108543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_302_2","unstructured":"Ashudeep Singh Yoni Halpern Nithum Thain Konstantina Christakopoulou Ed H. Chi Jilin Chen and Alex Beutel. 2021. Building healthy recommendation sequences for everyone: A safe reinforcement learning approach. In FAccTRec Workshop 2020. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ashudeepsingh.com\/publications\/facctrec2020_singh_et_al.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_303_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1145\/3219819.3220088","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD\u201918)","author":"Singh Ashudeep","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ashudeep Singh and Thorsten Joachims. 2018. Fairness of exposure in rankings. In Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD\u201918). Association for Computing Machinery, 2219\u20132228. DOI:10.1145\/3219819.3220088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_304_2","unstructured":"Spandana Singh. 2020. Regulating Platform Algorithms: Approaches for EU and U. S. Policymakers. Retrieved December 17 2021 from http:\/\/newamerica.org\/oti\/briefs\/regulating-platform-algorithms\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_305_2","article-title":"Special delivery: How internet platforms use artificial intelligence to target and deliver Ads","author":"Singh Spandana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spandana Singh. 2020. Special delivery: How internet platforms use artificial intelligence to target and deliver Ads. New America Foundation. Retrieved January 5, 2022 from http:\/\/newamerica.org\/oti\/reports\/special-delivery\/","journal-title":"New America Foundation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_306_2","article-title":"Promoting fairness, accountability, and transparency around algorithmic recommendation practices","author":"Singh Spandana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spandana Singh. 2020. Promoting fairness, accountability, and transparency around algorithmic recommendation practices. New America. Retrieved November 19, 2021 from http:\/\/newamerica.org\/oti\/reports\/why-am-i-seeing-this\/","journal-title":"New America"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_307_2","unstructured":"Spandana Singh. 2021. Charting a path forward. Retrieved December 20 2021 from http:\/\/newamerica.org\/oti\/reports\/charting-path-forward\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_308_2","article-title":"Cracking open the black box","author":"Singh Spandana","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spandana Singh and Leila Doty. 2021. Cracking open the black box. New America Foundation. Retrieved November 30, 2021 from http:\/\/newamerica.org\/oti\/reports\/cracking-open-the-black-box\/","journal-title":"New America Foundation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_309_2","article-title":"The transparency report tracking tool: How internet platforms are reporting on the enforcement of their content rules","author":"Singh Spandana","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spandana Singh and Leila Doty. 2021. The transparency report tracking tool: How internet platforms are reporting on the enforcement of their content rules. New America. Retrieved October 9, 2021 from http:\/\/newamerica.org\/oti\/reports\/transparency-report-tracking-tool\/","journal-title":"New America."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_310_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0100594"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_311_2","unstructured":"Ben Smith. 2021. How TikTok reads your mind. The New York Times. Retrieved December 6 2021 from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/12\/05\/business\/media\/tiktok-algorithm.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_312_2","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Public Service Media in the Networked Society","author":"S\u00f8rensen Jannick Kirk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jannick Kirk S\u00f8rensen and Jonathon Hutchinson. 2018. Algorithms and public service media. In Proceedings of the Public Service Media in the Networked Society. 91\u2013106."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_313_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47072-6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Data Privacy Management and Security Assurance","author":"Spagnuelo Dayana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dayana Spagnuelo, Cesare Bartolini, and Gabriele Lenzini. 2016. Metrics for Transparency. In Proceedings of the Data Privacy Management and Security Assurance. Giovanni Livraga, Vicen\u00e7 Torra, Alessandro Aldini, Fabio Martinelli and Neeraj Suri (Eds.), Springer International Publishing, Cham, 3\u201318. DOI:10.1007\/978-3-319-47072-6_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_314_2","article-title":"The human development index: A history","volume":"127","author":"Stanton Elizabeth A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elizabeth A. Stanton. 2007. The human development index: A history. PERI Working Papers 127 (2007). Retrieved from https:\/\/scholarworks.umass.edu\/peri_workingpapers\/85\/","journal-title":"PERI Working Papers"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_315_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1069072711436160"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_316_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2008.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_317_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jacquelien van Stekelenburg. 2014. Going all the way: Politicizing polarizing and radicalizing identity offline and online. Sociology Compass 8 5 (2014) 540\u2013555. DOI:10.1111\/soc4.12157","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12157"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_318_2","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Energy Research and Social Science","volume":"17","author":"Stoutenborough James W.","year":"2016","unstructured":"James W. Stoutenborough, Scott E. Robinson, and Arnold Vedlitz. 2016. Is \u201cfracking\u201d a new dirty word? The influence of word choice on public views toward natural gas attitudes. Energy Research and Social Science 17 (2016), 52\u201358. DOI:10.1016\/j.erss.2016.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_319_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153639"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_320_2","unstructured":"Jonathan Stray. 2012. Who should see what when? Three principles for personalized news. Nieman Lab. Retrieved June 15 2021 from https:\/\/www.niemanlab.org\/2012\/07\/who-should-see-what-when-three-principles-for-personalized-news\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_321_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42413-020-00086-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_322_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v27i5.12604"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_323_2","unstructured":"Jonathan Stray. 2021. Show me the algorithm: Transparency in recommendation systems. Schwartz Reisman Institute. Retrieved October 4 2021 from https:\/\/srinstitute.utoronto.ca\/news\/recommendation-systems-transparency"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_324_2","volume-title":"The Algorithmic Management of Polarization and Violence on Social Media","author":"Stray Jonathan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jonathan Stray, Ravi Iyer, and Helena Puig Larrauri. 2023. The Algorithmic Management of Polarization and Violence on Social Media. Kinght First Amendment Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY. Retrieved June 8, 2023 from https:\/\/knightcolumbia.org\/content\/the-algorithmic-management-of-polarization-and-violence-on-social-media"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_325_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816642420"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_326_2","article-title":"New Test With Related Articles","author":"Su Sara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sara Su. 2017. New Test With Related Articles. Facebook Newsroom. Retrieved September 19, 2021 from https:\/\/about.fb.com\/news\/2017\/04\/news-feed-fyi-new-test-with-related-articles\/","journal-title":"Facebook Newsroom"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_327_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_328_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.50.1.625"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_329_2","unstructured":"Mukund Sundararajan Ankur Taly and Qiqi Yan. 2017. Gradients of Counterfactuals. arXiv:1611.02639. Retrieved December 1 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1611.02639"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_330_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1748048518757142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_331_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1145\/1297231.1297250","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2007 ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys\u201907)","author":"Taghipour Nima","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nima Taghipour, Ahmad Kardan, and Saeed Shiry Ghidary. 2007. Usage-based web recommendations: A reinforcement learning approach. In Proceedings of the 2007 ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys\u201907), Association for Computing Machinery, New York, 113\u2013120. DOI:10.1145\/1297231.1297250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_332_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-5-63"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_333_2","unstructured":"The Markup. 2020. The citizen browser project\u2014auditing the algorithms of disinformation. Retrieved October 14 2021 from https:\/\/themarkup.org\/citizen-browser"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_334_2","unstructured":"Nicolas Thompson. 2018. How Facebook Wants to Improve the Quality of Your News Feed | WIRED. Wired. Retrieved February 14 2022 from https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/how-facebook-wants-to-improve-the-quality-of-your-news-feed\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_335_2","unstructured":"Luke Thorburn Jonathan Stray and Priyanjana Bengani. 2022. What Does it mean to give someone what they want? The nature of preferences in recommender systems. Understanding Recommenders. Retrieved March 25 2022 from https:\/\/medium.com\/understanding-recommenders\/what-does-it-mean-to-give-someone-what-they-want-the-nature-of-preferences-in-recommender-systems-82b5a1559157"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_336_2","article-title":"What Will \u201cAmplification\u201d Mean in Court?","author":"Thorburn Luke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luke Thorburn, Jonathan Stray, and Priyanjana Bengani. 2022. What Will \u201cAmplification\u201d Mean in Court? Tech Policy Press. Retrieved June 30, 2022 from https:\/\/techpolicy.press\/what-will-amplification-mean-in-court\/","journal-title":"Tech Policy Press"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_337_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.4.871"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_338_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7637-6_10","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Recommender Systems Handbook","author":"Tintarev Nava","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nava Tintarev and Judith Masthoff. 2015. Explaining Recommendations: Design and Evaluation. In Proceedings of the Recommender Systems Handbook. Francesco Ricci, Lior Rokach and Bracha Shapira (Eds.), Springer, Boston, MA, 353\u2013382. DOI:10.1007\/978-1-4899-7637-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_339_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000376585"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_340_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2207159119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_341_2","unstructured":"UK Office of National Statistics. 2019. Measuring national well-being: Domains and measures. Retrieved November 11 2021 from https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/wellbeing\/datasets\/measuringnationalwellbeingdomainsandmeasures"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_342_2","unstructured":"UN General Assembly. 2015. Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: resolution\/adopted by the General Assembly. (October 2015). 1--35. Retrieved from http:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/3923923"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_343_2","unstructured":"UNESCO. 1978. Declaration on Fundamental Principles concerning the Contribution of the Mass Media to Strengthening Peace and International Understanding to the Promotion of Human Rights and to Countering Racialism apartheid and incitement to war. Retrieved December 8 2021 from http:\/\/portal.unesco.org\/en\/ev.php-URL_ID=13176&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_344_2","unstructured":"UNESCO. 2005. Convention for the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Retrieved December 8 2021 from https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/creativity\/convention\/texts"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_345_2","unstructured":"UNESCO. 2017. Declaration of ethical principles in relation to climate change. Retrieved December 2 2021 from http:\/\/portal.unesco.org\/en\/ev.php-URL_ID=49457&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_346_2","unstructured":"United Nations. 1966. International covenant on civil and political rights. Retrieved November 2 2021 from https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/professionalinterest\/pages\/ccpr.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_347_2","unstructured":"United Nations. 1969. Declaration on social progress and development. Retrieved November 2 2021 from https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/professionalinterest\/pages\/progressanddevelopment.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_348_2","unstructured":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al. 2018. Montreal Declaration for a Responsible Development of Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved November 2 2021 from https:\/\/www.montrealdeclaration-responsibleai.com\/the-declaration"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_349_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173590"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_350_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2009.01474.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_351_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780190498511.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_352_2","unstructured":"Shannon Vallor Irina Raicu and Brian Green. 2020. Technology and engineering practice: Ethical lenses to look through. The markkula center for applied ethics at santa clara university. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.scu.edu\/media\/ethics-center\/technology-ethics\/Tech_and_Engineering_Practice-Ethical_Lenses-2020.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_353_2","unstructured":"Lav R. Varshney. 2020. Respect for human autonomy in recommender systems. arXiv:2009.02603. Retrieved October 14 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2009.02603"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_354_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Briana Vecchione Solon Barocas and Karen Levy. 2021. Algorithmic auditing and social justice: Lessons from the history of audit studies. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Equity and Access in Algorithms Mechanisms and Optimization (EAAMO'21). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 1--9. 10.1145\/3465416.3483294","DOI":"10.1145\/3465416.3483294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_355_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sipr.12033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_356_2","unstructured":"Eric S. Vorm and Andrew D. Miller. 2018. Assessing the value of transparency in recommender systems: An End-User perspective. In Proceedings of the 5th Joint Workshop on Interfaces and Human Decision Making for Recommender Systems Co-Located with ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (October 2018) 2225 66--68. Retrieved from http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2225\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_357_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soroush Vosoughi Deb Roy and Sinan Aral. 2018. The spread of true and false news online. 359 6380 (2018) 1146\u20131151. DOI:10.1126\/science.aap9559","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aap9559"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_358_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sanne Vrijenhoek Mesut Kaya Nadia Metoui Judith M\u00f6ller Daan Odijk and Natali Helberger. 2021. Recommenders with a mission: Assessing diversity in news recommendations. In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval (CHIIR'21). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 173--183. 10.1145\/3406522.3446019","DOI":"10.1145\/3406522.3446019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_359_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sandra Wachter Brent Mittelstadt and Chris Russell. 2017. Counterfactual explanations without opening the black Box: Automated decisions and the GDPR. Harv. JL & Tech. 31 (November 2017) 1--52. DOI:10.2139\/ssrn.3063289","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3063289"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_360_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:USER.0000028984.13876.9b"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_361_2","unstructured":"Wall Street Journal. 2021. Inside TikTok's Algorithm: A WSJ Video Investigation. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 14 2021 from https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/tiktok-algorithm-video-investigation-11626877477"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_362_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1145\/3471158.3472260","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGIR International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval","author":"Wang Lequn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lequn Wang and Thorsten Joachims. 2021. User fairness, item fairness, and diversity for rankings in two-sided markets. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGIR International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval, 23\u201341. Retrieved January 2, 2022 from 10.1145\/3471158.3472260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_363_2","unstructured":"Washingtonian. 2019. What happened After My 13-Year-Old Son Joined the Alt-Right. Washingtonian. Retrieved January 3 2022 from https:\/\/www.washingtonian.com\/2019\/05\/05\/what-happened-after-my-13-year-old-son-joined-the-alt-right\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_364_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"David Watson Lee Anna and Auke Tellegen. 1988. Development and Validation of Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 6 (1988) 1063--1070. 10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_365_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10963758.1997.10685307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_366_2","unstructured":"Stephanie Weiser. 2019. Requirements of Trustworthy AI. FUTURIUM - European Commission. Retrieved October 21 2021 from https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/futurium\/en\/ai-alliance-consultation\/guidelines\/1"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_367_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1145\/3282486","article-title":"The challenge of crafting intelligible intelligence","volume":"62","author":"Weld Dan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dan Weld and Gagan Bansal. 2019. The challenge of crafting intelligible intelligence. Communications of the ACM 62, 6 (2019), 70\u201379.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_368_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10804-006-9005-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_369_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14763\/2021.2.1565"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_370_2","first-page":"2165","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM\u201918)","author":"Wilhelm Mark","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mark Wilhelm, Ajith Ramanathan, Alexander Bonomo, Sagar Jain, Ed H. Chi, and Jennifer Gillenwater. 2018. Practical diversified recommendations on youtube with determinantal point processes. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM\u201918). Association for Computing Machinery, 2165\u20132173. DOI:10.1145\/3269206.3272018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_371_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17645\/si.v3i4.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_372_2","volume-title":"Promoting Mental Health","year":"2004","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2004. Promoting Mental Health. World Health Organization, Geneva. Retrieved November 15, 2021 from https:\/\/public.ebookcentral.proquest.com\/choice\/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4978588"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_373_2","unstructured":"World Values Survey. 2020. WVS Wave 7. Retrieved November 11 2021 from https:\/\/www.worldvaluessurvey.org\/WVSDocumentationWV6.jsp"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_374_2","unstructured":"Chuhan Wu Fangzhao Wu Yang Cao Yongfeng Huang and Xing Xie. 2021. FedGNN: Federated graph neural network for privacy-preserving recommendation. arXiv:2102.04925. Retrieved December 8 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2102.04925"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_375_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haolun Wu Chen Ma Bhaskar Mitra Fernando Diaz and Xue Liu. 2021. Multi-FR: A multi-objective optimization method for achieving two-sided fairness in E-commerce Recommendation. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 41 2 Article 47 (April 2023) 1--29. 10.1145\/3564285","DOI":"10.1145\/3564285"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_376_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3477495.3532007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_377_2","first-page":"484","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys\u201921)","author":"Xian Yikun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yikun Xian, Tong Zhao, Jin Li, Jim Chan, Andrey Kan, Jun Ma, Xin Luna Dong, Christos Faloutsos, George Karypis, S. Muthukrishnan, and Yongfeng Zhang. 2021. EX3: Explainable Attribute-aware item-set recommendations. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys\u201921). Association for Computing Machinery, 484\u2013494. DOI:10.1145\/3460231.3474240"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_378_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_379_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584609.2020.1785067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_380_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xing Yi Liangjie Hong Erheng Zhong Nathan Nan Liu and Suju Rajan. 2014. Beyond clicks: Dwell time for personalization. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Recommender systems (RecSys'14). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 113--120. 10.1145\/2645710.2645724","DOI":"10.1145\/2645710.2645724"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_381_2","volume-title":"Moderating the Public Sphere","author":"York Jillian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jillian York and Ethan Zuckerman. 2019. Moderating the Public Sphere. In Rikke Frank J\u00f8rgensen (Ed.), MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_382_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.09.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_383_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hamed Zamani Markus Schedl Paul Lamere and Ching-Wei Chen. 2019. An analysis of approaches taken in the ACM RecSys challenge 2018 for automatic music playlist continuation. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. 10 5 Article 57 (September 2019) 1--21. 10.1145\/3344257","DOI":"10.1145\/3344257"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_384_2","unstructured":"Meike Zehlike Ke Yang and Julia Stoyanovich. 2021. Fairness in Ranking: A survey. arXiv:2103.14000. Retrieved December 2 2021 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2103.14000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_385_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3533379"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_386_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amy X. Zhang Grant Hugh and Michael S. Bernstein. 2020. PolicyKit: Building governance in online communities. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST'20). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY 365--378. 10.1145\/3379337.3415858","DOI":"10.1145\/3379337.3415858"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_387_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yongfeng Zhang and Xu Chen. 2020. Explainable recommendation: A survey and new perspectives. Found. Trends Inf. Retr. 14 1 (Mar 2020) 1--101. 10.1561\/1500000066","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_388_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xiangyu Zhao Changsheng Gu Haoshenglun Zhang Xiwang Yang Xiaobing Liu Jiliang Tang and Hui Liu. 2021. DEAR: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Online Advertising Impression in Recommender Systems. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35 1 (May 2021) 750--758. 10.1609\/aaai.v35i1.16156","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i1.16156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_389_2","first-page":"1411","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM\u201913)","author":"Zhao Xiaoxue","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiaoxue Zhao, Weinan Zhang, and Jun Wang. 2013. Interactive collaborative filtering. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM\u201913), Association for Computing Machinery, 1411\u20131420. DOI:10.1145\/2505515.2505690"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_390_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3298689.3346997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_391_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1060745.1060754"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_392_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_393_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frederik J. Zuiderveen Borgesius Damian Trilling Judith M\u00f6ller Bal\u00e1zs Bod\u00f3 Claes H. de Vreese and Natali Helberger. 2016. Should we worry about filter bubbles? Internet Policy Review 5 1 (2016) 1\u201316. DOI:10.14763\/2016.1.401","DOI":"10.14763\/2016.1.401"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Recommender Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3632297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3632297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T22:49:56Z","timestamp":1750286996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3632297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"references-count":392,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3632297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3632297","relation":{},"ISSN":["2770-6699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2770-6699","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}