{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:47:45Z","timestamp":1779914865307,"version":"3.53.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":30,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3632410.3632436","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T18:15:16Z","timestamp":1704305716000},"page":"118-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysing the Spread of Toxicity on Twitter"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4487-3512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aatman","family":"Vaidya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Science, Ahmedabad University, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1930-7101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seema","family":"Nagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Research India, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4131-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit A.","family":"Nanavati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ahmedabad University, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Deep learning models for multilingual hate speech detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.06465","author":"Aluru Sai\u00a0Saketh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sai\u00a0Saketh Aluru, Binny Mathew, Punyajoy Saha, and Animesh Mukherjee. 2020. Deep learning models for multilingual hate speech detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.06465 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinkesh Badjatiya Shashank Gupta Manish Gupta and Vasudeva Varma. 2017. Deep learning for hate speech detection in tweets. In WWW. 759\u2013760.","DOI":"10.1145\/3041021.3054223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Emergence of scaling in random networks. science 286, 5439","author":"Barab\u00e1si Albert-L\u00e1szl\u00f3","year":"1999","unstructured":"Albert-L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Barab\u00e1si and R\u00e9ka Albert. 1999. Emergence of scaling in random networks. science 286, 5439 (1999), 509\u2013512."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Epidemiological modeling of online social network dynamics. arXiv preprint arXiv:1401.4208","author":"Cannarella John","year":"2014","unstructured":"John Cannarella and Joshua\u00a0A Spechler. 2014. Epidemiological modeling of online social network dynamics. arXiv preprint arXiv:1401.4208 (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1353343.1353424"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v11i1.14955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nemanja Djuric Jing Zhou Robin Morris Mihajlo Grbovic Vladan Radosavljevic and Narayan Bhamidipati. 2015. Hate speech detection with comment embeddings. In WWW. 29\u201330.","DOI":"10.1145\/2740908.2742760"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Competing for attention in social media under information overload conditions. PloS one 10, 7","author":"Feng Ling","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ling Feng, Yanqing Hu, Baowen Li, H\u00a0Eugene Stanley, Shlomo Havlin, and Lidia\u00a0A Braunstein. 2015. Competing for attention in social media under information overload conditions. PloS one 10, 7 (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"The Virality of Hate Speech on Social Media. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.13770","author":"Maarouf Abdurahman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdurahman Maarouf, Nicolas Pr\u00f6llochs, and Stefan Feuerriegel. 2022. The Virality of Hate Speech on Social Media. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.13770 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1951.10500769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3292522.3326034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital hatred, real violence: Majoritarian radicalisation and social media in India","volume":"167","author":"Mirchandani Maya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maya Mirchandani. 2018. Digital hatred, real violence: Majoritarian radicalisation and social media in India. ORF Occasional Paper 167 (2018), 1\u201330.","journal-title":"ORF Occasional Paper"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"BERT-based Ensemble Approaches for Hate Speech Detection. In GLOBECOM 2022-2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 4649\u20134654","author":"Mnassri Khouloud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khouloud Mnassri, Praboda Rajapaksha, Reza Farahbakhsh, and Noel Crespi. 2022. BERT-based Ensemble Approaches for Hate Speech Detection. In GLOBECOM 2022-2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 4649\u20134654."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-93413-2_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-93413-2_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3258973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Characterizing Hateful Users on Twitter. MIS2 Workshop at WSDM\u20192018","author":"Ribeiro Manoel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Manoel Ribeiro, Pedro Calais, Yuri dos Santos, Virgilio Almeida, and Wagner Meira\u00a0Jr. 2017. \"Like Sheep Among Wolves\": Characterizing Hateful Users on Twitter. MIS2 Workshop at WSDM\u20192018 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Characterizing Hateful Users on Twitter. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.00317","author":"Ribeiro Manoel\u00a0Horta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Manoel\u00a0Horta Ribeiro, Pedro\u00a0H Calais, Yuri\u00a0A Santos, Virg\u00edlio\u00a0AF Almeida, and Wagner Meira\u00a0Jr. 2017. \" Like Sheep Among Wolves\": Characterizing Hateful Users on Twitter. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.00317 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2212270120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3450137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Dealing with non-normal data. Pm&r 4, 12","author":"Sainani L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kristin\u00a0L Sainani. 2012. Dealing with non-normal data. Pm&r 4, 12 (2012), 1001\u20131005."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/52.3-4.591"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"2325","article-title":"SEIR-based model for the information spreading over SNS","volume":"42","author":"Wang Chao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chao Wang, Xu-ying Yang, Ke Xu, and Jian-feng MA. 2014. SEIR-based model for the information spreading over SNS. Acta Electonica Sinica 42, 11 (2014), 2325.","journal-title":"Acta Electonica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"ESIS: emotion-based spreader\u2013ignorant\u2013stifler model for information diffusion. Knowledge-based systems 81","author":"Wang Qiyao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qiyao Wang, Zhen Lin, Yuehui Jin, Shiduan Cheng, and Tan Yang. 2015. ESIS: emotion-based spreader\u2013ignorant\u2013stifler model for information diffusion. Knowledge-based systems 81 (2015), 46\u201355."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2390374.2390377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeerak Waseem and Dirk Hovy. 2016. Hateful symbols or hateful people? predictive features for hate speech detection on twitter. In NAACL student research workshop. 88\u201393.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research on information dissemination model for social networking services","volume":"2","author":"Xu Ruzhi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ruzhi Xu, Heli Li, and Changming Xing. 2013. Research on information dissemination model for social networking services. International Journal of Computer Science and Application (IJCSA) 2, 1 (2013), 1\u20136.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science and Application (IJCSA)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Research on propagation model of public opinion topics based on SCIR in microblogging. Computer Engineering and Applications8","author":"Xuejun DING","year":"2015","unstructured":"DING Xuejun. 2015. Research on propagation model of public opinion topics based on SCIR in microblogging. Computer Engineering and Applications8 (2015), 6."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93417-4_48"}],"event":{"name":"CODS-COMAD 2024: 7th Joint International Conference on Data Science & Management of Data (11th ACM IKDD CODS and 29th COMAD)","location":"Bangalore India","acronym":"CODS-COMAD 2024"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 7th Joint International Conference on Data Science &amp; Management of Data (11th ACM IKDD CODS and 29th COMAD)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3632410.3632436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3632410.3632436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T13:35:16Z","timestamp":1755869716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3632410.3632436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3632410.3632436","10.1145\/3632410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3632410.3632436","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}