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Comput.-Hum. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Disruptive behavior is a prevalent threat to constructive online engagement. Covert behaviors, such as trolling, are especially challenging to detect automatically, because they utilize deceptive strategies to manipulate conversation. We illustrate a novel approach to their detection: analyzing conversational structures instead of focusing only on messages in isolation. Building on conversation analysis, we demonstrate that (1) conversational actions and their norms provide concepts for a deeper understanding of covert disruption, and that (2) machine learning, natural language processing and structural analysis of conversation can complement message-level features to create models that surpass earlier approaches to trolling detection. Our models, developed for detecting overt (aggression) as well as covert (trolling) behaviors using prior studies\u2019 message-level features and new conversational action features, achieved high accuracies (0.90 and 0.92, respectively). The findings offer a theoretically grounded approach to computationally analyzing social media interaction and novel methods for effectively detecting covert disruptive conversations online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3635143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T11:48:33Z","timestamp":1701431313000},"page":"1-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Detecting Covert Disruptive Behavior in Online Interaction by Analyzing Conversational Features and Norm Violations"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1240-7994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henna","family":"Paakki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalto University, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0907-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Veps\u00e4l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7260-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"Salovaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalto University, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4346-3307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bushra","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_3_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"3","author":"Allison Kimberley R.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kimberley R. 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