{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:55:40Z","timestamp":1790268940369,"version":"4.1.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":54,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62225204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62225204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61932013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61932013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Funds for Creative Research Groups of China","award":["61921003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61921003"]}]},{"name":"The A3 Foresight Program of NSFC","award":["62061146002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62061146002"]}]},{"name":"Xiaomi Young Talents Program of Xiaomi Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3636534.3690667","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T18:13:18Z","timestamp":1733335998000},"page":"875-889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Plug-and-play Indoor GPS Positioning System with the Assistance of Optically Transparent Metasurfaces"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4940-0614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruinan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, Select one..., CN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7950-6773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, CN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5040-2468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, CN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7199-5047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huadong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.736347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Analysis of broad band u-slot microstrip patch antenna. microwave and optical technology letters, 50(4):1069--1073","author":"Ansari JA","year":"2008","unstructured":"JA Ansari and Ram Brij Ram. Analysis of broad band u-slot microstrip patch antenna. microwave and optical technology letters, 50(4):1069--1073, 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Uno r3|arduino documentation. https:\/\/docs.arduino.cc\/hardware\/uno-rev3?queryID=undefined. Accessed","author":"ARDUINO.","year":"2023","unstructured":"ARDUINO. Uno r3|arduino documentation. https:\/\/docs.arduino.cc\/hardware\/uno-rev3?queryID=undefined. Accessed August 22, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3281411.3281428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","first-page":"425","volume-title":"18th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 21)","author":"Chen Lili","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lili Chen, Wenjun Hu, Kyle Jamieson, Xiaojiang Chen, Dingyi Fang, and Jeremy Gummeson. Pushing the physical limits of iot devices with programmable metasurfaces. In 18th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 21), pages 425--438, 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581791.3596833"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3143361.3143377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cje.2020.00.168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","first-page":"1647","volume-title":"20th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 23)","author":"Cho Kun Woo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kun Woo Cho, Mohammad H Mazaheri, Jeremy Gummeson, Omid Abari, and Kyle Jamieson. mmwall: A steerable, transflective metamaterial surface for nextg mmwave networks. In 20th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 23), pages 1647--1665, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Xiang Wan, Jie Zhao, and Qiang Cheng. Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable meta-materials. Light: science & applications, 3(10):e218--e218","author":"Cui Tie Jun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tie Jun Cui, Mei Qing Qi, Xiang Wan, Jie Zhao, and Qiang Cheng. Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable meta-materials. Light: science & applications, 3(10):e218--e218, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3570361.3592511"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3069409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Accessed","author":"GPS.","year":"2023","unstructured":"FalTechGPS. Gps repeater kit for l1 signals. https:\/\/www.gps-repeaters.com\/gps-repeater-solutions\/gps-l1-repeater-kits\/. Accessed September 14, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/87.845882"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447993.3483238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8978\/18\/12\/125003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2018-0176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Microstrip antenna design handbook","author":"Garg Ramesh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ramesh Garg. Microstrip antenna design handbook. Artech house, 2001."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Accessed","year":"2023","unstructured":"gemsnav. Digital gain adjustable gnss repeater kit | gnssrk-m-dv. https:\/\/en.gemsnav.com\/Products\/GPS_Repeater_Kits\/Full_GNSS_Band_Repeater_Kit_GNSSRK-M-DV\/. Accessed September 14, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"geomax-zenith-35-pro-gps-gnss. https:\/\/geooprema.com\/products\/survey-equipment\/survey-gps-gnss\/geomax-zenith-35-pro-gps-gnss\/. Accessed","author":"GEOOPREMA.","year":"2023","unstructured":"GEOOPREMA. geomax-zenith-35-pro-gps-gnss. https:\/\/geooprema.com\/products\/survey-equipment\/survey-gps-gnss\/geomax-zenith-35-pro-gps-gnss\/. Accessed September 14, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Accessed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Google. Gnsslogger app. https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.google.android.apps.location.gps.gnsslogger&hl=en_IN&pli=1. Accessed September 29, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"gps-measurement-tools. https:\/\/github.com\/google\/gps-measurement-tools. Accessed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Google. gps-measurement-tools. https:\/\/github.com\/google\/gps-measurement-tools. Accessed July 12, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"White paper on using gnss raw measurements on android devices. https:\/\/www.euspa.europa.eu\/system\/files\/reports\/gnss_raw_measurement_web_0.pdf. Accessed","author":"European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency (GSA).","year":"2023","unstructured":"European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency (GSA). White paper on using gnss raw measurements on android devices. https:\/\/www.euspa.europa.eu\/system\/files\/reports\/gnss_raw_measurement_web_0.pdf. Accessed August 9, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b00555"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3241539.3241555"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Accessed","author":"ICEGPS.","year":"2023","unstructured":"ICEGPS. 660 dual-frequency rtk. http:\/\/www.icegps.com\/product_129891.html. Accessed September 20, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2009.4805284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2019.2949412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2018.2823500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2785956.2787487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3625687.3625806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","first-page":"389","volume-title":"20th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 23)","author":"Li Xinyi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xinyi Li, Chao Feng, Xiaojing Wang, Yangfan Zhang, Yaxiong Xie, and Xiaojiang Chen. {RF-Bouncer}: A programmable dual-band meta-surface for sub-6 wireless networks. In 20th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 23), pages 389--404, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2889928"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","first-page":"363","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 2002)","author":"Mezentsev O","year":"2002","unstructured":"O Mezentsev, Y Lu, G Lachapelle, and R Klukas. Vehicular navigation in urban canyons using a high sensitivity gps receiver augmented with a low cost rate gyro. In Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 2002), pages 363--369, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ecej:19950104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2011.5751295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2594368.2594378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"gnss-l1g1ga-gnss-repeater. https:\/\/www.gps-repeating.com\/products\/gnss-repeaters\/gnss-l1g1ga-gnss-repeater.html. Accessed","author":"ROGER.","year":"2023","unstructured":"ROGER. gnss-l1g1ga-gnss-repeater. https:\/\/www.gps-repeating.com\/products\/gnss-repeaters\/gnss-l1g1ga-gnss-repeater.html. Accessed September 14, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ab548c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/api.shikues.com\/pdf\/BAR64-02V.pdf. Accessed","author":"SHIKUES.","year":"2023","unstructured":"SHIKUES. Bar64-02v. https:\/\/api.shikues.com\/pdf\/BAR64-02V.pdf. Accessed July 8, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2014.6905260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"http:\/\/www.htckorea.co.kr\/Datasheet\/Etc\/74HC595.pdf. Accessed","author":"Technology TAEJIN","year":"2023","unstructured":"TAEJIN Technology. 74hc595. http:\/\/www.htckorea.co.kr\/Datasheet\/Etc\/74HC595.pdf. Accessed August 18, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2007.901930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-014-8941-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2009.5259181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3498361.3538947"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 13)","author":"Xiong Jie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jie Xiong and Kyle Jamieson. Arraytrack: A fine-grained indoor location system. In 10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 13), pages 71--84, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2789168.2790125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2020.3016170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201801028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/cje.2022.00.161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Kwok Lun Chung, and Tong I Yuk. Linear-to-circular polarization conversion using metasurface","author":"Zhu HL","year":"2013","unstructured":"HL Zhu, SW Cheung, Kwok Lun Chung, and Tong I Yuk. Linear-to-circular polarization conversion using metasurface. IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 61(9):4615--4623, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2021.3070644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/849638"}],"event":{"name":"ACM MobiCom '24: 30th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","location":"Washington D.C. DC USA","acronym":"ACM MobiCom '24","sponsor":["SIGMOBILE ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3636534.3690667","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3636534.3690667","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T18:54:12Z","timestamp":1750272852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3636534.3690667"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3636534.3690667","10.1145\/3636534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3636534.3690667","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}