{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:26:31Z","timestamp":1767374791971,"version":"3.44.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":30,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61703357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61703357"]}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong S. A. R., China","award":["HKU 17607018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HKU 17607018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3636555.3636854","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T18:11:20Z","timestamp":1709662280000},"page":"749-756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Using Multimodal Learning Analytics to Examine Learners\u2019 Responses to Different Types of Background Music during Reading Comprehension"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0931-436X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Que","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7862-214X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy Tzi Dong","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3994-0385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8863-3652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchell Kam Fai","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5316-8638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peony Tsz Yan","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Fanjie Li and Xiao Hu. 2023. Background Music for Studying: A Naturalistic Experiment on Music Characteristics and User Perception.\u00a0IEEE MultiMedia."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ying Que Yueyuan Zheng Janet H. Hsiao and Xiao Hu. 2023. Studying the effect of self-selected background music on reading task with eye movements.\u00a0Scientific Reports \u00a013(1) 1704.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28426-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Efr\u00e9n de la Mora Velasco Yuting Chen Atsusi Hirumi and Haiyan Bai. 2023. The impact of background music on learners: A systematic review and meta-analysis.\u00a0Psychology of Music 03057356231153070.","DOI":"10.1177\/03057356231153070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Efren de la Mora Velasco and Atsusi Hirumi. 2020. The effects of background music on learning: A systematic review of literature to guide future research and practice.\u00a0Educational Technology Research and Development \u00a068 2817-2837.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09783-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen Ba and Xiao Hu. 2023. Measuring emotions in education using wearable devices: A systematic review.\u00a0Computers & Education 104797.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2023.104797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Xiao Hu Fanjie Li and Tzi-Dong Jeremy Ng. (2018 September). On the Relationships between Music-induced Emotion and Physiological Signals. In\u00a0ISMIR\u00a0(pp. 362-369)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0305735620968260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0305735611400173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"The effects of classical background music on the behavior of children in the elementary school classroom: An interdisciplinary approach","author":"Anders Justin T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Justin T Anders. (2011). The effects of classical background music on the behavior of children in the elementary school classroom: An interdisciplinary approach. University of Arkansas at Little Rock."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Fang-Ya Huang, Shu-Na Peng, Skylar Yuan-Ke Sun, and Hong Zeng.","author":"Dong Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang Dong, Hao-Yuan Zheng, Sammy Xiao-Ying Wu, Fang-Ya Huang, Shu-Na Peng, Skylar Yuan-Ke Sun, and Hong Zeng. 2022. The effect of Chinese pop background music on Chinese poetry reading comprehension.\u00a0Psychology of Music,\u00a050(5), 1544-1565."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masahiro Matsuo Fumi Masuda Yukiyoshi Sumi Masahiro Takahashi Atsushi Yoshimura Naoto Yamada and Hiroshi Kadotani. 2019. Background music dependent reduction of aversive perception and its relation to P3 amplitude reduction and increased heart rate.\u00a0Frontiers in Human Neuroscience \u00a013 184.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Kret","author":"Folz Julia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Julia Folz, Donatella Fiacchino, Milica Nikoli\u0107, Henk van Steenbergen, and Mariska E. Kret. 2022. Reading your emotions in my physiology? reliable emotion interpretations in absence of a robust physiological resonance.\u00a0Affective Science,\u00a03(2), 480-497."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timo Partala and Veikko Surakka. 2003. Pupil size variation as an indication of affective processing.\u00a0International Journal of Human-Computer Studies \u00a059(1-2) 185-198.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5819(03)00017-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2018.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sara Bottiroli Alessia Rosi Riccardo Russo Tomaso Vecchi and Elena Cavallini. 2014. The cognitive effects of listening to background music on older adults: Processing speed improves with upbeat music while memory seems to benefit from both upbeat and Downbeat Music. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1994.79.3.1391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruno Gingras Manuela M. Marin Estela Puig-Waldm\u00fcller and W. T. Fitch. 2015. The eye is listening: Music-induced arousal and individual differences predict pupillary responses. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00619"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv430"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hili Eidlin Levy and Orly Rubinsten. 2021. Numbers (but not words) make math anxious individuals sweat: Physiological evidence. Biological Psychology 165 Article 108187.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2021.108187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies,\u00a02(3)","author":"Lascio Elena Di","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elena Di Lascio, Shkurta Gashi, and Silvia Santini. (2018). Unobtrusive assessment of students' emotional engagement during lectures using electrodermal activity sensors.\u00a0In Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies,\u00a02(3), 1-21."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th python in science conference (Vol. 8","author":"McFee Brian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brian McFee, Colin Raffel, Dawen Liang, Daniel P. Ellis, Matt McVicar, Eric Battenberg, and Oriol Nieto. (2015, July). librosa: Audio and music signal analysis in python. In Proceedings of the 14th python in science conference (Vol. 8, pp. 18-25)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSA.2002.800560"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Stephanie Bishop Joe L'Huillier Laura Katz Elizabeth Molina Alyssa Spilski and Ben Weigman. 2015. The Marginal Effects of Lyrics On Alpha Wave Activity Blood Pressure and Heart Rate."},{"volume-title":"Effects of musical tempo on musicians","author":"Liu Ying","key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Ying Liu, Guangyuan Liu, Dongtao Wei, Qiang Li, Guangjie Yuan, Shifu Wu, Gaoyuan Wang, and Xingcong Zhao. 2018. Effects of musical tempo on musicians\u2019 and non-musicians\u2019 emotional experience when listening to music. Frontiers in Psychology, 9."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruilun Liu Zuo Wang Shen Ba and Xiao Hu. (2023 July). Preliminary Exploration of the Effectiveness of Music Listening and Music Recommender for Studying in Naturalistic Settings. In\u00a02023 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT)\u00a0(pp. 169-173). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT58122.2023.00055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Kirschner","author":"Pijeira-D\u00edaz H\u00e9ctor J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"H\u00e9ctor J. Pijeira-D\u00edaz, Hendrik Drachsler, Sanna J\u00e4rvel\u00e4, and Paul A. Kirschner. (2016, April). Investigating collaborative learning success with physiological coupling indices based on electrodermal activity. In\u00a0Proceedings of the sixth international conference on learning analytics & knowledge\u00a0(pp. 64-73)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert L. Newton Jr Hongmei Han Theodore Zderic and Marc Hamilton. 2013. The energy expenditure of sedentary behavior: a whole room calorimeter study.\u00a0PLoS One \u00a08(5) e63171.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063171"},{"volume-title":"Effects of negative emotional valence on readers","author":"Arf\u00e9 Barbara","key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Barbara Arf\u00e9, Pablo Delatorre, and Lucia Mason. 2023. Effects of negative emotional valence on readers\u2019 text processing and memory for text: an eye-tracking study.\u00a0Reading and Writing,\u00a036(7), 1743-1768."}],"event":{"name":"LAK '24: The 14th Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","acronym":"LAK '24","location":"Kyoto Japan"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 14th Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3636555.3636854","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3636555.3636854","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T01:18:13Z","timestamp":1758071893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3636555.3636854"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3636555.3636854","10.1145\/3636555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3636555.3636854","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}