{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T20:21:58Z","timestamp":1776111718096,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CSCW1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"iHub Anubhuti-IIITD Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rapid and widespread vaccination played a major role in stemming the flow of Covid-19 spread. In India, the government enabled free and accessible vaccination for Covid-19. Although the general public responded positively, pregnant and breastfeeding women in rural areas hesitated about COVID-19 vaccination, leading to low vaccine uptake. In this work, we started with a formative study to understand pregnant and breastfeeding women's vaccine hesitancy. We found that the main barriers were poor knowledge about vaccines and limited agency around vaccination. We deployed a chatbot over WhatsApp to tackle their hesitancy through evidence-based vaccine education. We studied the chatbot engagement of 800+ participants over 23 days through chat logs, surveys, and interviews. We present participants' experiences and aspirations around chatbots. We found the chatbot to work well under a constrained network to build participants' vaccine-related knowledge and intentions. We further discuss the role of chatbots in healthcare beyond COVID-19 vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3637332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T10:05:31Z","timestamp":1714385131000},"page":"1-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exploring the Role of Chatbots in Tackling COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Rural Northern India"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4757-2973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmeet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2349-0420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preetika","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5947-8349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SWACH Foundation, Chandigarh, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9404-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Duggal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8711-3029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia Griffin","family":"Diamond-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2674-4887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"El Ayadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2171-1728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Vosburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2152-1027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pushpendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2019. 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