{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:08:25Z","timestamp":1750219705852,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFB2700700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB2700700"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province","award":["2021BEA164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021BEA164"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62072197, and 62202187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62072197, and 62202187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Distrib. Ledger Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Mainstream blockchain systems such as Bitcoin and Ethereum are revolutionizing the financial industry by adopting the Nakamoto consensus protocol, i.e.,\n            <jats:italic>Proof-of-Work<\/jats:italic>\n            (PoW). Only nodes with sufficient computing resources can work out the PoW difficulties, thereby increasing the mining cost of malicious attackers and ensuring the security of blockchain systems. Such an assumption of having abundant resources leads to drawbacks of low throughput and risk of centralization. In this article, we present Dispatcher, a novel distributed consensus protocol that takes resource heterogeneity into account to ensure\n            <jats:italic>resource-aware<\/jats:italic>\n            PoW with high efficiency. Dispatcher introduces a hierarchical topology to offer flexible PoW difficulties tailored for different nodes\u2019 resources. In particular, it utilizes the limited resource of each node to jointly maximize the performance by concurrent mining. Moreover, we design an adaptive incentive mechanism to fit the available resource of blockchain nodes to rewards. Our experiments show that Dispatcher enjoys a substantial performance margin over the state-of-the-art. We can achieve a 50% throughput improvement compared with OHIE.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3638063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T10:53:50Z","timestamp":1703328830000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dispatcher: Resource-aware Nakamoto Blockchain via Hierarchical Topology and Adaptive Incentives"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3934-7605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Lab, Cluster and Grid Computing Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7666-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuohua","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Lab, Cluster and Grid Computing Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7822-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohai","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Lab, Cluster and Grid Computing Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4708-6644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuandi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Lab, Cluster and Grid Computing Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4216-0497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Lab, Cluster and Grid Computing Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2019.8845253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3564532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QRS-C.2018.00034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53357-4_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3054977.3055003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201916)","author":"Eyal Ittay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ittay Eyal, Adem Efe Gencer, Emin G\u00fcn Sirer, and Robbert Van Renesse. 2016. 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