{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:41:21Z","timestamp":1792129281778,"version":"4.4.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":47,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3638529.3654037","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T12:33:04Z","timestamp":1720441984000},"page":"924-932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Learning Traffic Signal Control via Genetic Programming"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6992-8339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Cheng","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria University Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0682-1363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria University Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4463-9538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria University Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-1645-0_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Scats-a traffic responsive method of controlling urban traffic. Sales information brochure published by Roads & Traffic Authority","author":"Lowrie P","year":"1990","unstructured":"P Lowrie. Scats-a traffic responsive method of controlling urban traffic. Sales information brochure published by Roads & Traffic Authority, Sydney, Australia, 1990."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Deep learning. nature, 521(7553):436--444","author":"LeCun Yann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio, and Geoffrey Hinton. Deep learning. nature, 521(7553):436--444, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.001.1900053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i04.5744"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357384.3357902"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3292500.3330949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3008612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Evolution strategies as a scalable alternative to reinforcement learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.03864","author":"Salimans Tim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tim Salimans, Jonathan Ho, Xi Chen, Szymon Sidor, and Ilya Sutskever. Evolution strategies as a scalable alternative to reinforcement learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.03864, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","article-title":"Extracting decision tree from trained deep reinforcement learning in traffic signal control","author":"Zhu Yuanyang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuanyang Zhu, Xiao Yin, and Chunlin Chen. Extracting decision tree from trained deep reinforcement learning in traffic signal control. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, 2022.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Workshops at the Thirty-First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Ka-Man Sheh Raymond","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raymond Ka-Man Sheh. \" why did you do that?\" explainable intelligent robots. In Workshops at the Thirty-First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","article-title":"Explainable artificial intelligence by genetic programming: A survey","author":"Mei Yi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yi Mei, Qi Chen, Andrew Lensen, Bing Xue, and Mengjie Zhang. Explainable artificial intelligence by genetic programming: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 2022.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2023.3296671"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","article-title":"Uncertain commuters assignment through genetic programming hyper-heuristic","author":"Liao Xiao-Cheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao-Cheng Liao, Ya-Hui Jia, Xiao-Min Hu, and Wei-Neng Chen. Uncertain commuters assignment through genetic programming hyper-heuristic. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, pages 1--14, 2023.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, pages 1--14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6243-9_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"64th Institute of transportation engineers annual meeting","author":"Fellendorf Martin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Martin Fellendorf. Vissim: A microscopic simulation tool to evaluate actuated signal control including bus priority. In 64th Institute of transportation engineers annual meeting, volume 32, pages 1--9. Springer, 1994."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-090X(00)00047-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"The scoot on-line traffic signal optimisation technique. Traffic Engineering & Control, 23(4)","author":"Hunt PB","year":"1982","unstructured":"PB Hunt, DI Robertson, RD Bretherton, and M Cr Royle. The scoot on-line traffic signal optimisation technique. Traffic Engineering & Control, 23(4), 1982."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Traffic signals. Road research technical paper, 56","author":"Webster FV","year":"1966","unstructured":"FV Webster. Traffic signals. Road research technical paper, 56, 1966."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Traffic engineering. United states of Anerica","author":"Roess Royer P","year":"2004","unstructured":"Royer P Roess. Traffic engineering. United states of Anerica, 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3272318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2017.2787103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2014.6900288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7360939"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1638618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1687814019842498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/I2CACIS.2017.8239039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Ant colony optimization approach for optimizing traffic signal timings. Ant colony optimization-methods and applications","author":"Baskan Ozgur","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ozgur Baskan and Soner Haldenbilen. Ant colony optimization approach for optimizing traffic signal timings. Ant colony optimization-methods and applications, pages 205--220, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2012.6252852"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","first-page":"412","article-title":"Reinforcement learning with function approximation for traffic signal control","volume":"12","author":"Prashanth LA","year":"2010","unstructured":"LA Prashanth and Shalabh Bhatnagar. Reinforcement learning with function approximation for traffic signal control. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 12(2):412--421, 2010.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-87479-9_61"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of learning, inference and control of multi-agent systems (at NIPS 2016","author":"der Pol Elise Van","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elise Van der Pol and Frans A Oliehoek. Coordinated deep reinforcement learners for traffic light control. Proceedings of learning, inference and control of multi-agent systems (at NIPS 2016), 8:21--38, 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","first-page":"1151","volume-title":"Machine Learning: Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference (ICML'2000)","author":"Marco","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marco A Wiering et al. Multi-agent reinforcement learning for traffic light control. In Machine Learning: Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference (ICML'2000), pages 1151--1158, 2000."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3219819.3220096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357384.3357900"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2010.5625066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-30668-1_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2017.00-41"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"A comprehensive survey on vehicular ad hoc network. Journal of network and computer applications, 37:380--392","author":"Al-Sultan Saif","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saif Al-Sultan, Moath M Al-Doori, Ali H Al-Bayatti, and Hussien Zedan. A comprehensive survey on vehicular ad hoc network. Journal of network and computer applications, 37:380--392, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","first-page":"26645","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Zhang Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang Zhang, Qiang Wu, Jun Shen, Linyuan L\u00fc, Bo Du, and Jianqing Wu. Expression might be enough: Representing pressure and demand for reinforcement learning based traffic signal control. In International Conference on Machine Learning, pages 26645--26654. PMLR, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC53992.2023.10394169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2955239.2955250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3314139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Efficient pressure: Improving efficiency for signalized intersections","author":"Wu Qiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiang Wu, Liang Zhang, Jun Shen, Linyuan L\u00fc, Bo Du, and Jianqing Wu. Efficient pressure: Improving efficiency for signalized intersections, 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i01.5467"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","article-title":"Genetic programming for dynamic flexible job shop scheduling: Evolution with single individuals and ensembles","author":"Xu Meng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meng Xu, Yi Mei, Fangfang Zhang, and Mengjie Zhang. Genetic programming for dynamic flexible job shop scheduling: Evolution with single individuals and ensembles. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 2023.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","article-title":"Genetic programming with lexicase selection for large-scale dynamic flexible job shop scheduling","author":"Xu Meng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meng Xu, Yi Mei, Fangfang Zhang, and Mengjie Zhang. Genetic programming with lexicase selection for large-scale dynamic flexible job shop scheduling. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 2023.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"}],"event":{"name":"GECCO '24: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","location":"Melbourne VIC Australia","acronym":"GECCO '24","sponsor":["SIGEVO ACM Special Interest Group on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3638529.3654037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3638529.3654037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T19:56:50Z","timestamp":1750276610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3638529.3654037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3638529.3654037","10.1145\/3638529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3638529.3654037","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}