{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T05:05:00Z","timestamp":1750309500914,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021YFB2900100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB2900100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62302259, 62202263, 62332016, 62272320, and 62371269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62302259, 62202263, 62332016, 62272320, and 62371269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program","award":["2021ZT09L197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZT09L197"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen 2022 Stabilization Support Program","award":["WDZC20220811103500001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WDZC20220811103500001"]}]},{"name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Cross-disciplinary Research and Innovation Fund Research Plan","award":["JC20220011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JC20220011"]}]},{"name":"Tsinghua University - Architectural Design and Research Institute Joint Research Center for Synergy and Wisdom Creation of Architecture"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The digital transformation of factories has greatly increased the number of peripherals that need to connect to a network for sensing or control, resulting in a growing demand for a new network category known as the Equipment Area Network (EAN). The EAN is characterized by its cable-free, high-capacity, low-latency, and low-power features. To meet these expectations, we present<jats:bold>BEANet<\/jats:bold>, a novel solution designed specifically for EAN that combines a two-stage synchronization mechanism with a time division protocol. We implemented the system using commercially available Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) modules and evaluated its performance. Our results show that the network can support up to 150 peripherals with a packet reception rate of 95.4%, which is only 0.9% lower than collision-free BLE transmission. When the cycle time is set to 2 s, the average transmission latency for all peripherals is 0.1 s, while the power consumption is 18.9 \u03bcW, which is only half that of systems using LLDN or TSCH. Simulation results also demonstrate that BEANet has the potential to accommodate over 30,000 peripherals under certain configurations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3641280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T12:16:20Z","timestamp":1705493780000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["BEANet: An Energy-efficient BLE Solution for High-capacity Equipment Area Network"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2706-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9949-6987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Innovation Exchange, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6347-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kebin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Innovation Exchange, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9464-0337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8271-5023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinlei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University; Pengcheng Laboratory; RISC-V International Open Source Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7195-5603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Innovation Exchange, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3208-630X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9000-2787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haitian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Innovation Exchange, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"[n. d.]. EFR32BG22 Wireless Gecko SoC Family Data Sheet. Retrieved June 27 2022 from https:\/\/www.silabs.com\/documents\/public\/data-sheets\/efr32bg22-datasheet.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Proceedings of 42nd European Solid-state Circuits Conference","author":"Asano Hiroki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hiroki Asano, Tetsuya Hirose, Keishi Tsubaki, Taro Miyoshi, Toshihiro Ozaki, Nobutaka Kuroki, and Masahiro Numa. 2016. A 1.66-nW\/kHz, 32.7-kHz, 99.5 ppm\/\u00b0C fully integrated current-mode RC oscillator for real-time clock applications with PVT stability. In Proceedings of 42nd European Solid-state Circuits Conference. IEEE, 149\u2013152."},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","article-title":"A study of LoRa: Long range & low power networks for the Internet of Things","volume":"16","author":"Augustin Alo\u00ffs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alo\u00ffs Augustin, Jiazi Yi, Thomas Clausen, and William Mark Townsley. 2016. A study of LoRa: Long range & low power networks for the Internet of Things. Sensors 16, 9 (2016), 1466.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"Bluetooth. [n. d.]. Bluetooth\u00ae Core Specification. Retrieved June 27 2022 from https:\/\/www.bluetooth.com\/specifications\/specs\/core-specification-5-3\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"361","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks","author":"Bor Martin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martin Bor, John Vidler, and Utz Roedig. 2016. LoRa for the Internet of Things. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks. 361\u2013366."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3460618","article-title":"Recorp: Receiver-oriented policies for industrial wireless networks","volume":"17","author":"Brummet Ryan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ryan Brummet, Md Kowsar Hossain, Octav Chipara, Ted Herman, and David E. Stewart. 2021. Recorp: Receiver-oriented policies for industrial wireless networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 17, 4 (2021), 1\u201332.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1145\/2809695.2809724","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems","author":"Chen Xinlei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xinlei Chen, Aveek Purohit, Carlos Ruiz Dominguez, Stefano Carpin, and Pei Zhang. 2015. Drunkwalk: Collaborative and adaptive planning for navigation of micro-aerial sensor swarms. In Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems. 295\u2013308."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3131779","article-title":"Design experiences in minimalistic flying sensor node platform through Sensorfly","volume":"13","author":"Chen Xinlei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xinlei Chen, Aveek Purohit, Shijia Pan, Carlos Ruiz, Jun Han, Zheng Sun, Frank Mokaya, Patric Tague, and Pei Zhang. 2017. Design experiences in minimalistic flying sensor node platform through Sensorfly. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN) 13, 4 (2017), 1\u201337.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3382094","article-title":"H-DrunkWalk: Collaborative and adaptive navigation for heterogeneous MAV swarm","volume":"16","author":"Chen Xinlei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xinlei Chen, Carlos Ruiz, Sihan Zeng, Liyao Gao, Aveek Purohit, Stefano Carpin, and Pei Zhang. 2020. H-DrunkWalk: Collaborative and adaptive navigation for heterogeneous MAV swarm. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN) 16, 2 (2020), 1\u201327.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-023-2908-4","article-title":"A survey on clock synchronization in the industrial internet","volume":"38","author":"Dang Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan Dang, Xi-Kai Sun, Ke-Bin Liu, Yi-Fan Xu, and Yun-Hao Liu. 2023. A survey on clock synchronization in the industrial internet. Journal of Computer Science and Technology 38, 1 (2023), 146\u2013165.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Science and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2018.2801537","article-title":"Digital transformation","volume":"35","author":"Ebert Christof","year":"2018","unstructured":"Christof Ebert and Carlos Henrique C. Duarte. 2018. Digital transformation. IEEE Software 35, 4 (2018), 16\u201321.","journal-title":"IEEE Software"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1145\/844128.844143","article-title":"Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts","volume":"36","author":"Elson Jeremy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jeremy Elson, Lewis Girod, and Deborah Estrin. 2002. Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts. ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 36, SI (2002), 147\u2013163.","journal-title":"ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks","author":"Ferrari Federico","year":"2011","unstructured":"Federico Ferrari, Marco Zimmerling, Lothar Thiele, and Olga Saukh. 2011. Efficient network flooding and time synchronization with glossy. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks. IEEE, 73\u201384."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2008.2011602","article-title":"Design and implementation of a wireless fieldbus for plastic machineries","volume":"56","author":"Flammini Alessandra","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alessandra Flammini, Daniele Marioli, Emiliano Sisinni, and Andrea Taroni. 2009. Design and implementation of a wireless fieldbus for plastic machineries. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56, 3 (2009), 747\u2013755.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1145\/958491.958508","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems","author":"Ganeriwal Saurabh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Saurabh Ganeriwal, Ram Kumar, and Mani B. Srivastava. 2003. Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems. 138\u2013149."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","first-page":"300","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2014 IEEE International Solid-state Circuits Conference Digest of Technical Papers","author":"Griffith Danielle","year":"2014","unstructured":"Danielle Griffith, Per Torstein R\u00f8ine, James Murdock, and Ryan Smith. 2014. 17.8 A 190nW 33kHz RC oscillator with \\(\\pm\\) 0.21% temperature stability and 4ppm long-term stability. In Proceedings of 2014 IEEE International Solid-state Circuits Conference Digest of Technical Papers. IEEE, 300\u2013301."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"IEEE. [n. d.]. IEEE 1588 IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems. Retrieved June 27 2022 from https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/ieee\/1588\/4355\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2012.6185525"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2800898","article-title":"IEEE 802.15.4e in a nutshell: Survey and performance evaluation","volume":"20","author":"Kurunathan Harrison","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harrison Kurunathan, Ricardo Severino, Anis Koubaa, and Eduardo Tovar. 2018. IEEE 802.15.4e in a nutshell: Survey and performance evaluation. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 20, 3 (2018), 1989\u20132010.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-014-0334-4","article-title":"Industry 4.0","volume":"6","author":"Lasi Heiner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heiner Lasi, Peter Fettke, Hans-Georg Kemper, Thomas Feld, and Michael Hoffmann. 2014. Industry 4.0. Business & Information Systems Engineering 6, 4 (2014), 239\u2013242.","journal-title":"Business & Information Systems Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/TST.2018.9010002"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3439956","article-title":"BOND: Exploring hidden bottleneck nodes in large-scale wireless sensor networks","volume":"17","author":"Ma Qiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiang Ma, Zhichao Cao, Wei Gong, and Xiaolong Zheng. 2021. BOND: Exploring hidden bottleneck nodes in large-scale wireless sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 17, 2 (2021), 1\u201321.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications","author":"Mangalvedhe Nitin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nitin Mangalvedhe, Rapeepat Ratasuk, and Amitava Ghosh. 2016. NB-IoT deployment study for low power wide area cellular IoT. In 2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications. 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","unstructured":"Microchip. [n. d.]. Bluetooth\u00ae Low Energy (BLE) Physical Layer. Retrieved June 27 2022 from https:\/\/microchipdeveloper.com\/wireless:ble-phy-layer"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","volume-title":"Network Time Protocol (NTP)","author":"Mills David L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"David L. Mills. 1985. Network Time Protocol (NTP). Technical Report."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3462755","article-title":"BlueFlood: Concurrent transmissions for multi-hop Bluetooth 5\u2013modeling and evaluation","volume":"2","author":"Nahas Beshr Al","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beshr Al Nahas, Antonio Escobar-Molero, Jirka Klaue, Simon Duquennoy, and Olaf Landsiedel. 2021. BlueFlood: Concurrent transmissions for multi-hop Bluetooth 5\u2013modeling and evaluation. ACM Transactions on Internet of Things 2, 4 (2021), 1\u201330.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Internet of Things"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2017 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing","author":"Noreen Umber","year":"2017","unstructured":"Umber Noreen, Ahc\u00e8ne Bounceur, and Laurent Clavier. 2017. A study of LoRa low power and wide area network technology. In Proceedings of 2017 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing. IEEE, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","article-title":"Industrial IoT connections to reach 37 billion by 2025","volume":"3","author":"O\u2019Halloran J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. O\u2019Halloran. 2020. Industrial IoT connections to reach 37 billion by 2025. ComputerWeekly 3 (2020).","journal-title":"ComputerWeekly"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-016-1226-y","article-title":"Modeling and performance evaluation of the IEEE 802.15.4e LLDN mechanism designed for industrial applications in WSNs","volume":"23","author":"Ouanteur Celia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Celia Ouanteur, Djamil A\u00efssani, Louiza Bouallouche-Medjkoune, Mohand Yazid, and Hind Castel-Taleb. 2017. Modeling and performance evaluation of the IEEE 802.15.4e LLDN mechanism designed for industrial applications in WSNs. Wireless Networks 23, 5 (2017), 1343\u20131358.","journal-title":"Wireless Networks"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","article-title":"Multi-source time synchronization in IEEE std 802.15.4-2015 TSCH networks","volume":"3","author":"Papadopoulos Georgios Z.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Georgios Z. Papadopoulos, Xenofon Fafoutis, and Pascal Thubert. 2020. Multi-source time synchronization in IEEE std 802.15.4-2015 TSCH networks. Internet Technology Letters 3, 2 (2020), e148.","journal-title":"Internet Technology Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2007.898461","article-title":"WiDom: A dominance protocol for wireless medium access","volume":"3","author":"Pereira Nuno","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nuno Pereira, Bjrn Andersson, and Eduardo Tovar. 2007. WiDom: A dominance protocol for wireless medium access. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 3, 2 (2007), 120\u2013130.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1994.10476030","article-title":"The three sigma rule","volume":"48","author":"Pukelsheim Friedrich","year":"1994","unstructured":"Friedrich Pukelsheim. 1994. The three sigma rule. American Statistician 48, 2 (1994), 88\u201391.","journal-title":"American Statistician"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","first-page":"670","volume-title":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 2023 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing & the 2023 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computing","author":"Ren Jiyuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiyuan Ren, Yanggang Xu, Zuxin Li, Chaopeng Hong, Xiao-Ping Zhang, and Xinlei Chen. 2023. Scheduling UAV swarm with attention-based graph reinforcement learning for ground-to-air heterogeneous data communication. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 2023 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing & the 2023 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computing. 670\u2013675."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","first-page":"402","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd Annual IEEE Communications Society on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks","volume":"2","author":"Rowe Anthony","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anthony Rowe, Rahul Mangharam, and Raj Rajkumar. 2006. RT-Link: A time-synchronized link protocol for energy constrained multi-hop wireless network. In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual IEEE Communications Society on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, Vol. 2. IEEE, 402\u2013411."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Symposium on Communications and Vehicular Technology","author":"Cheong Phui San","year":"2017","unstructured":"Phui San Cheong, Johan Bergs, Chris Hawinkel, and Jeroen Famaey. 2017. Comparison of LoRaWAN classes and their power consumption comparison. In Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Symposium on Communications and Vehicular Technology. IEEE, 1\u20136."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1109\/MIE.2007.901481","article-title":"Unplugged but connected design and implementation of a truly wireless real-time sensor\/actuator interface","volume":"1","author":"Scheible Guntram","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guntram Scheible, Dacfey Dzung, Jan Endresen, and Jan Erik Frey. 2007. Unplugged but connected design and implementation of a truly wireless real-time sensor\/actuator interface. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 1, 2 (2007), 25\u201334.","journal-title":"IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","article-title":"SP100.11a overview","author":"Sexton Daniel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Daniel Sexton. 2007. SP100.11a overview. DOE Award DE-FC36-02GO14001, GE Global Research, Research Triangle Park, NC.","journal-title":"DOE Award DE-FC36-02GO14001, GE Global Research, Research Triangle Park, NC"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","unstructured":"Silabs. [n. d.]. Understanding the Bluetooth Connection Process. Retrieved June 27 2022 from https:\/\/docs.silabs.com\/bluetooth\/2.13\/general\/connections\/understanding-the-bluetooth-connection-process"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2008 IEEE Real-time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium","author":"Song Jianping","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jianping Song, Song Han, Al Mok, Deji Chen, Mike Lucas, Mark Nixon, and Wally Pratt. 2008. WirelessHART: Applying wireless technology in real-time industrial process control. In Proceedings of 2008 IEEE Real-time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium. IEEE, 377\u2013386."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","first-page":"1077","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems","author":"Sun Yifei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yifei Sun, Yuxuan Liu, Ziteng Wang, Xiaolei Qu, Dezhi Zheng, and Xinlei Chen. 2022. C-RIDGE: Indoor CO2 data collection system for large venues based on prior knowledge. In Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems. 1077\u20131082."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of 85th Vehicular Technology Conference","author":"Vejlgaard Benny","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benny Vejlgaard, Mads Lauridsen, Huan Nguyen, Istv\u00e1n Z. Kov\u00e1cs, Preben Mogensen, and Mads Sorensen. 2017. Coverage and capacity analysis of Sigfox, LoRa, Gprs, and NB-Iot. In Proceedings of 85th Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE, 1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1145\/3560905.3568432","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems","author":"Wang Haoyang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haoyang Wang, Xuecheng Chen, Yuhan Cheng, Chenye Wu, Fan Dang, and Xinlei Chen. 2022. H-SwarmLoc: Efficient scheduling for localization of heterogeneous MAV swarm with deep reinforcement learning. In Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems. 1148\u20131154."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/TST.2020.9010041"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7533","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3110886","article-title":"Ultralow-power sensing framework for Internet of Things: A smart gas meter as a case","volume":"9","author":"Wang Ziteng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ziteng Wang, Chun Hu, Dezhi Zheng, and Xinlei Chen. 2021. Ultralow-power sensing framework for Internet of Things: A smart gas meter as a case. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 9, 10 (2021), 7533\u20137544.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","first-page":"2188","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Communications 2022","author":"Xu Yifan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yifan Xu, Fan Dang, Rongwu Xu, Xinlei Chen, and Yunhao Liu. 2022. LSync: A universal event-synchronizing solution for live streaming. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Communications 2022. 2188\u20132197. DOI:10.1109\/INFOCOM48880.2022.9796933"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1145\/3594739.3612907","volume-title":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 2023 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing & the 2023 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computing","author":"Zhao Chenyu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chenyu Zhao, Haoyang Wang, Jiaqi Li, Fanhang Man, Shilong Mu, Wenbo Ding, Xiao-Ping Zhang, and Xinlei Chen. 2023. SmoothLander: A quadrotor landing control system with smooth trajectory guarantee based on reinforcement learning. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 2023 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing & the 2023 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computing. 682\u2013687."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","first-page":"600","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology","volume":"2","author":"Zhong Tang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tang Zhong, Cheng Mengjin, Zeng Peng, and Wang Hong. 2010. Real-time communication in WIA-PA industrial wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, Vol. 2. IEEE, 600\u2013605."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-3664(01)00369-3","article-title":"CSMA\/CA performance under high traffic conditions: Throughput and delay analysis","volume":"25","author":"Ziouva Eustathia","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eustathia Ziouva and Theodore Antonakopoulos. 2002. CSMA\/CA performance under high traffic conditions: Throughput and delay analysis. Computer Communications 25, 3 (2002), 313\u2013321.","journal-title":"Computer Communications"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3641280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3641280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:17:48Z","timestamp":1750295868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3641280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3641280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3641280","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1550-4859"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1550-4867"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}