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Hum.-Robot Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Anticipating a future scenario where the robot initiates its own actions and behaves voluntarily when collaborating with humans, our research focuses on human understanding and perception of unanticipated robot actions during physical human-robot interaction. While the current literature searches for key factors that make the human-robot collaboration successful, the question of how people experience the robot\u2019s unanticipated action as cooperative or uncooperative seems to remain open. We designed a game-based experiment (N = 35) where the participant played a \u201ccatch-falling-coins\u201d game by moving a robotic arm. Our experiment introduced unanticipated robot actions in an \u201cactive session\u201d where the robot targeted higher-valued coins without first informing the participants. Through semi-structured interviews and statistical analysis of questionnaires (Big Five Personality Test, SAM, NARS and CH33), we examined the participants\u2019 understanding of the robot\u2019s \u201cintention\u201d and their positive or negative perception of the robot as cooperative or uncooperative. Among the participants who understood that the robot\u2019s \u201cintention\u201d was to catch the higher-valued coins, the majority of them reported a positive perception of the robot (cooperative or helpful) while this was not the case among those who did not understand the robot\u2019s intention. We also observed relevant relationships between some personality traits and a person\u2019s understanding of the robot\u2019s intention. Qualitative analysis of the interviews allowed us to structure the process of perception change during the game into three phases: confusion, investigation, and adaptation. We believe that our research contributes to the study of human perception, and particularly to the relationship between a human\u2019s understanding of unanticipated robot actions and their positive or negative perception of the robot.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3643458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T12:48:20Z","timestamp":1706359700000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Human Understanding and Perception of Unanticipated Robot Action in the Context of Physical Interaction"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3635-8640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoko","family":"Abe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NAVER LABS Europe, Meylan, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3846-9096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7537-9498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Benallegue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS-AIST JRL (Joint Robotics Laboratory), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8885-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natsuki","family":"Yamanobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS-AIST JRL (Joint Robotics Laboratory), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7767-4765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gentiane","family":"Venture","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo and CNRS-AIST JRL (Joint Robotics Laboratory), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Bunkyo-ku, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3077-6964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiichi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Robotic Engineering Design, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Japan"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3369457.3369503"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3406499.3418750"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","volume-title":"2022 RO-MAN","author":"Abe Naoko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naoko Abe, David Rye, and Lian Loke. 2022. 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