{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T19:00:47Z","timestamp":1774551647816,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper introduces MultiMesh, a multi-subject 3D human mesh construction system based on commodity WiFi. Our system can reuse commodity WiFi devices in the environment and is capable of working in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) conditions compared with the traditional computer vision-based approach. Specifically, we leverage an L-shaped antenna array to generate the two-dimensional angle of arrival (2D AoA) of reflected signals for subject separation in the physical space. We further leverage the angle of departure and time of flight of the signal to enhance the resolvability for precise separation of close subjects. Then we exploit information from various signal dimensions to mitigate the interference of indirect reflections according to different signal propagation paths. Moreover, we employ the continuity of human movement in the spatial-temporal domain to track weak reflected signals of faraway subjects. Finally, we utilize a deep learning model to digitize 2D AoA images of each subject into the 3D human mesh. We conducted extensive experiments in real-world multi-subject scenarios under various environments to evaluate the performance of our system. For example, we conduct experiments with occlusion and perform human mesh construction for different distances between two subjects and different distances between subjects and WiFi devices. The results show that MultiMesh can accurately construct 3D human meshes for multiple users with an average vertex error of 4cm. The evaluations also demonstrate that our system could achieve comparable performance for unseen environments and people. Moreover, we also evaluate the accuracy of spatial information extraction and the performance of subject detection. These evaluations demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of our system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3643504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T13:12:36Z","timestamp":1709730756000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multi-Subject 3D Human Mesh Construction Using Commodity WiFi"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2502-7272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yichao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4029-6945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yili","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8244-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2816795.2818072"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Recovering 3D human pose from monocular images","author":"Agarwal Ankur","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ankur Agarwal and Bill Triggs. 2005. Recovering 3D human pose from monocular images. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 28, 1 (2005), 44--58."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186822.1073207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46454-1_34"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00925"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2021.3073969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3012715"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3384419.3430735"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3463504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291478"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1925861.1925870"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46493-0_38"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Understanding and resolving failures in human-robot interaction: Literature review and model development. Frontiers in psychology 9","author":"Honig Shanee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shanee Honig and Tal Oron-Gilad. 2018. Understanding and resolving failures in human-robot interaction: Literature review and model development. Frontiers in psychology 9 (2018), 861."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2668332.2668344"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372224.3380900"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00744"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00234"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2785956.2787487"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10602-1_48"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2822818"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2746285.2746303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2816795.2818013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Virtual Medicine. 2017. Human Anatomy VR. https:\/\/www.oculus.com\/experiences\/gear-vr\/1658650407494367\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386569.3392410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00154"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3380996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46454-1_31"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1986.1143830"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Combined discriminative and generative articulated pose and non-rigid shape estimation. Advances in neural information processing systems 20","author":"Sigal Leonid","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leonid Sigal, Alexandru Balan, and Michael Black. 2007. Combined discriminative and generative articulated pose and non-rigid shape estimation. Advances in neural information processing systems 20 (2007)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2942358.2942393"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9014226"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00555"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2639108.2639143"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3560905.3568536"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2500423.2504584"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2017.8296962"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.0001.2100111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2789168.2790124"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3300061.3300133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2789168.2790125"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3458864.3467679"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411816"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.01021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2013.281"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3643504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3643504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T13:01:40Z","timestamp":1755867700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3643504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3643504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3643504","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-9567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-9567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}