{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T23:45:10Z","timestamp":1784331910783,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Social Science Fund of China","award":["19ZD27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19ZD27"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Comput. Cult. Herit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study developed two distinct types of remote heritage virtual tourism programs, namely VR and AR. We utilized the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model to understand how users\u2019 perceptions of vividness and interactivity in VR and AR influence their sense of presence and perceived authenticity. Furthermore, we explored how the sense of presence and perceived authenticity further impact tourists\u2019 responses, including satisfaction and behavioral intention. The findings indicate differences between VR and AR in several aspects. To elaborate, in the context of VR, vividness significantly influences perceived authenticity, an effect not found within the AR setting. Furthermore, interactivity impacts the sense of presence in AR, but this is not the case in VR. Within an AR setting, a user's sense of presence directly influences their level of satisfaction, yet no corresponding impact was found in VR. Even though the results show varying influences of presence on user intention in VR and AR, no significant differences were discovered. By gaining an in-depth understanding of tourists\u2019 actual perceptions of VR and AR applications, this study provides insights for heritage site managers on how to employ VR and AR to enhance the efficiency of virtual heritage experiences for tourists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3648001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T11:51:32Z","timestamp":1707997892000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Differences in Heritage Tourism Experience between VR and AR: A Comparative Experimental Study Based on Presence and Authenticity"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9138-2491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuqing","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Art and Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0033-3859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shizhu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Art and Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1071-7801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1344-2268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, Hunan University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6520-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolie","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Art and Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7857-4334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jifa","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Art and Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287520987624"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2022.104648"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdmm.2019.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287517708255"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-7383(03)00044-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2015.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdmm.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2020.101411"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdmm.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2022.100085"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2022.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2020.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2009.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2018.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1743873X.2016.1251931"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2017.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28231-2_45"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2020.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2018.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2018.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2018.10.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijresmar.2020.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2019.104028"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2011.01540.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107289"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.197321"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2022.101936"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2022.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2022.104534"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08824096.2018.1525350"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2019.103229"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03623319.2020.1727245"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2015.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2020.102506"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2015.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40558-022-00221-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13052523"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2022.2033181"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2020.101349"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106951"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.102969"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-022-10286-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2019.104022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.04.057"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intmar.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804157-4.00012-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2021.104360"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2019.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2022.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13105352"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1997.6.4.355"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.02.068"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/51644"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287517709090"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2011.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2018.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdmm.2017.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2018.10.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290500330331"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality","author":"Steuer Jonathan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jonathan Steuer. 1995. Defining virtual reality: dimensions determining telepresence. In Proceedings of the Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality. L. Erlbaum Associates Inc., USA, 33\u201356."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2020.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1997.6.6.603"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.18.4.294"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/23042809"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2020.1820454"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474698565686"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2001.10673646"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","volume-title":"Authenticity: What Consumers Really Want","author":"Gilmore James H.","year":"2007","unstructured":"James H. Gilmore, B. Joseph Pine, and B. Joseph Pine. 2007. Authenticity: What Consumers Really Want. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","volume-title":"The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America","author":"Boorstin Daniel J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Daniel J. Boorstin. 1992. The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2021.103349"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-7383(98)00103-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2016.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2008.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1468797617723473"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdmm.2020.100493"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjhzrdp"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1743873X.2014.905582"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287518818915"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2012.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2012.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2018.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2015.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/615047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2006.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378001700405"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5177(01)00035-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2009.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19368623.2013.796865"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2007.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdmm.2018.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/TR-03-2017-0049"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmp.2019.100565"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_97_2","first-page":"130","article-title":"Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research","volume":"10","author":"Fishbein Martin","year":"1977","unstructured":"Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen. 1977. Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Philosophy and Rhetoric 10, 2 (1977), 130\u2013132.","journal-title":"Philosophy and Rhetoric"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmp.2023.101085"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2012.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2006.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5177(01)00035-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14010467"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdmm.2021.100621"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19368623.2013.792757"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_105_2","volume-title":"An Approach to Environmental Psychology","author":"Mehrabian Albert","year":"1974","unstructured":"Albert Mehrabian and James A. Russell. 1974. An Approach to Environmental Psychology. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, US."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2021.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04667"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287518818915"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJRDM-06-2017-0117"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_110_2","unstructured":"J. van Baren and W. IJsselsteijn. 2004. Measuring presence: A guide to current measurement approaches. Measurement (2004) 1--86."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3466817"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109493101300117884"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1992.1.1.120"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_115_2","unstructured":"Anne Parent. 1998. A virtual environment task analysis workbook for the creation and evaluation of virtual art exhibits. Technical Report."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/PRES_a_00263"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40558-020-00190-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2012.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10548408.2015.1075459"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09669582.2018.1545022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2015.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jtr.2038"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_124_2","volume-title":"Probability and Statistical Inference","unstructured":"Robert Vincent Hogg and Elliot A. Tanis. 2009. Probability and Statistical Inference. Pearson Educational International."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2016.1223023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14419\/ijet.v7i2.21.11858"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2017.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40558-016-0059-y"}],"container-title":["Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3648001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3648001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T23:56:52Z","timestamp":1750291012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3648001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"references-count":128,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3648001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3648001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-4673","1556-4711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-4673","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}