{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:30:36Z","timestamp":1792787436151,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"French research agency ANR","award":["ANR-21-CE33-0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE33-0022"]}]},{"name":"French research agency ANR","award":["ANR-18-CE33-0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-18-CE33-0009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Embedding data into the physical environment using augmented reality (AR) is a practical approach for data visualization as it offers a large and flexible display space on or around the physical referent, i.e., the physical object to which the data is related. Yet, current interaction in such context is often performed using cumbersome dedicated devices, tiring mid-air gestures, or awkward on-body input. In this article, we investigate the use of the physical referent itself as a support for input interaction with an embedded space-time cube (STC) representation. Hence, we first identify the most promising mappings between the physical features of the referent (edges, faces, corners) and the STC dimensions. Then, we design three data selection techniques using the physical referent and compare them to mid-air gestures when performing selection tasks on the STC. Overall, our work demonstrates that using the physical referent to support input interaction with embedded data representations is an efficient and comfortable approach for data selection in standing and sitting situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3648613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T07:24:22Z","timestamp":1708413862000},"page":"1-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploiting Physical Referent Features as Input for Multidimensional Data Selection in Augmented Reality"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7649-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Perelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRIT, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8431-0601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRIT, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0479-1036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRIT, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3361570.3361616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"AR Urban Design HitLabNZ. Retrieved February 20 2023 from https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5_zE7bahRD0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173759"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3027063.3052959"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2017.2745941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","volume-title":"Computer Graphics Forum","author":"Bach Benjamin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benjamin Bach, Pierre Dragicevic, Daniel Archambault, Christophe Hurter, and Sheelagh Carpendale. 2016. A descriptive framework for temporal data visualizations based on generalized space-time cubes. In Computer Graphics Forum. Wiley Online Library."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"ffhal","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eurographics Conference on Visualization","author":"Bach Benjamin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benjamin Bach, Pierre Dragicevic, Daniel Archambault, Christophe Hurter, and Sheelagh Carpendale. 2014. A review of temporal data visualizations based on space-time cube operations. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Conference on Visualization. ffhal-01006140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3301551.3301575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2019.2934803"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/502348.502354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2599217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025863"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/570210"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1508044.1508051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales","author":"Borg G.","year":"1998","unstructured":"G. Borg. 1998. Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Human Kinetics, 104."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR50242.2020.00060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2013.6671837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3338286.3340113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1449715.1449746"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.342825"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2559206.2581340"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85613-7_33"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Cityscope. 2021. Massachusetts institute of technology. Retrieved February 20 2023 from https:\/\/www.media.mit.edu\/projects\/cityscope\/overview\/. Accessed 11 March 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376613"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3126594.3126613"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PACIFICVIS.2017.8031578"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/257089.257242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2512349.2512823"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2008.153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2015.7223352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3368756.3368965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR46266.2020.00041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3446866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2016.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14236\/ewic\/hci2014.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2984511.2984557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/354384.354535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/159544.159566"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2501988.2502032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/332040.332491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2021.1898828"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3379337.3415878"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22698-9_31"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208691"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3427321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3382968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Cartographic Conference. 1988\u20131996","author":"Kraak M. J.","year":"2003","unstructured":"M. J. Kraak. 2003. The space-time cube revisited from a geovisualization perspective. In Proceedings of the International Cartographic Conference. 1988\u20131996."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2659"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2009.5336463"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3461778.3462076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICVRV.2013.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","unstructured":"Linky. Retrieved February 20 2023 from https:\/\/www.enedis.fr\/le-compteur-linky-un-outil-pour-la-transition-ecologique. Accessed 03\/11\/2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132272.3134135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","volume-title":"Human-Computer Interaction: An Empirical Research Perspective","author":"Scott MacKenzie I.","year":"2013","unstructured":"I. Scott MacKenzie. 2013. Human-Computer Interaction: An Empirical Research Perspective. Morgan Kaufmann (an imprint of Elsevier), Amsterdam."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","unstructured":"MATLAB. 2010. Version 7.10.0 (R2010a). The MathWorks Inc. Natick Massachusetts."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-0312-9_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IV.2008.84"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3279996.3280029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","unstructured":"MRTK. (2024) Retrieved February 20 2023 from https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/MixedRealityToolkit-Unity. Accessed 03\/11\/2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3448018.3457998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2470773"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","unstructured":"NeoCampus. Retrieved February 20 2023 from https:\/\/www.irit.fr\/neocampus\/fr\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2018.00043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","unstructured":"Claire O'Malley and Danae Stanton Fraser. 2004. Literature Review in Learning with Tangible Technologies. \u27e8hal-00190328\u27e9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","unstructured":"Optitrack. (2024) Retrieved February 20 2023 from https:\/\/optitrack.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3534616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2839462.2839478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359996.3364264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3399715.3399743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","volume-title":"Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association","author":"VandenBos G. R.","year":"2009","unstructured":"G. R. VandenBos. (Ed.). 2009. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. http:\/\/www.apastyle.org\/manual\/","edition":"6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411763.3451594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3286689.3286692"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2935334.2935341"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2207743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2807442.2807503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2014.3022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2628363.2628375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2556984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3450618.3469174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Orit Shaer and Eva Hornecker. 2010. Tangible User Interfaces: Past Present and Future Directions. Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Human\u2013Computer Interaction Vol. 3 No. 1\u20132 4\u2013137. 10.1561\/1100000026","DOI":"10.1561\/1100000026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","unstructured":"Smart Home Controller. (2023). Retrieved from February 20 2023 from https:\/\/www.bosch-smarthome.com\/fr\/fr\/produits\/appareils\/controleur-bosch-smart-home\/?gclid=CjwKCAiAvaGRBhBlEiwAiY-yMOcz4MhZvZzXEpSXznVsYjVCjT_JsKLHDlwwjIu0_uF5Y1uogMYjnRoC8Z8QAvD_BwE"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","unstructured":"Smart Industry. (2024). Retrieved February 20 2023 from https:\/\/www.plm.automation.siemens.com\/global\/en\/products\/manufacturing-planning\/plant-simulation-throughput-optimization.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3488546"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2493190.2493208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2470695"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3225153.3225167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2598498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","unstructured":"S. K. Tang Y. Sekikawa D. Leithinger S. Follmer and H. Ishii. 2013. Tangible Cityscape. Retrieved from https:\/\/tangible.media.mit.edu\/project\/tangible-cityscape. 11\/3\/2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753662"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","unstructured":"VILAGIL. Retrieved February 20 2023 from https:\/\/metropole.toulouse.fr\/actualites\/vilagil-favoriser-de-nouvelles-formes-de-mobilites"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2788940.2788949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2047196.2047242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","unstructured":"Vuforia Model Tracker. Retrieved February 20 2023 from https:\/\/library.vuforia.com\/features\/objects\/model-targets.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2019.2923483"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","unstructured":"Colin Ware. 2008. Information Visualization \u2013 Perception for Design. Vol. 41. Morgan Kaufmann. CR \u2013 Copyright \u00a92008 Leonardo pages. arXiv:1011.1669v3. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20206579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3123024.3124446"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1294211.1294259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2598608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","volume-title":"Proceeding of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'15)","unstructured":"Wesley Willett, Bernhard Jenny, Tobias Isenberg, and Pierre Dragicevic. 2015. Lightweight relief shearing for enhanced terrain perception on interactive maps. In Proceeding of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'15). ACM, New York, NY, 3563--3572."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2794222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132272.3134143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1413634.1413696"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376233"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74796-3_56"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3648613","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3648613","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T18:50:20Z","timestamp":1750272620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3648613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3648613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3648613","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-0516","1557-7325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-0516","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}