{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T20:14:05Z","timestamp":1768421645425,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":42,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministero dell\u00f0Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","award":["CN_00000013, J33C22001170001, ECS0000038, F53C22000430001, PE00000014, J33C22002810001, 20222BP7K3,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN_00000013, J33C22001170001, ECS0000038, F53C22000430001, PE00000014, J33C22002810001, 20222BP7K3,"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006374","name":"Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi\"\"","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNSAGA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNSAGA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3649217.3653548","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T18:30:20Z","timestamp":1720031420000},"page":"206-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Big Ideas of Cryptography in Primary School"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3330-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Lodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2837-3971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Carrisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-1940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15388\/infedu.2024.06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/bebras.it\/platform\/html\/player_teacher.html?class=screenshot&code=2021_Q01","author":"Lettere Bebras","unstructured":"Bebras. 2021a. Bebras 2021-HR-03 Lettere. https:\/\/bebras.it\/platform\/html\/player_teacher.html?class=screenshot&code=2021_Q01"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Statistiche gare Bebras italiano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bebras. 2021b. Statistiche gare Bebras italiano 2021. https:\/\/bebras.it\/2122\/Statistichegare.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/bebras.it\/platform\/html\/player_teacher.html?class=screenshot&code=2022_Q14","author":"Crittografia Bebras","unstructured":"Bebras. 2022a. Bebras 2022-SK-04 Crittografia. https:\/\/bebras.it\/platform\/html\/player_teacher.html?class=screenshot&code=2022_Q14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Statistiche gare Bebras italiano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bebras. 2022b. Statistiche gare Bebras italiano 2022. https:\/\/bebras.it\/2223\/Statistichegare.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Computer Science Unplugged: school students doing real computing without computers","volume":"13","author":"Bell Tim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tim Bell, Jason Alexander, Isaac Freeman, and Mick Grimley. 2009. Computer Science Unplugged: school students doing real computing without computers. New Zealand Journal of Applied Computing and Information Technology, Vol. 13, 1 (2009), 20--29.","journal-title":"New Zealand Journal of Applied Computing and Information Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","first-page":"342","article-title":"Constructing Computational Thinking Without Using Computers","volume":"14","author":"Bell Tim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tim Bell and Michael Lodi. 2019. Constructing Computational Thinking Without Using Computers. Constructivist Foundations, Vol. 14, 3 (2019), 342--351. https:\/\/constructivist.info\/14\/3\/342.bell","journal-title":"Constructivist Foundations"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/3LFX-9RRF-67T8-UVK9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-71483-7_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Italy) (ITADINFO","author":"Carrisi Maria Cristina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maria Cristina Carrisi. 2023. Crittografia e steganografia alla scuola primaria: un'attivit\u00e0 di coding ricca di potenzialit\u00e0. In [ITADINFO] Convegno Italiano sulla Didattica dell'Informatica (Bari, Italy) (ITADINFO 2023), Enrica Gentile and Mattia Monga (Eds.). Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy, 24--29. https:\/\/www.itadinfo.it\/attidelconvegno\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Maria Cristina Carrisi Michael Lodi and Simone Martini. 2024. Cryptography Teaching Materials for Primary School. https:\/\/bigideascryptok12.bitbucket.io\/primary"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"EdWeek Research Center. 2020. The State of Cybersecurity Education in K-12 Schools: Results of a National Survey. Technical Report. cyber.org. https:\/\/cyber.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-06\/The%20State%20of%20Cybersecurity%20Education%20in%20K-12%20Schools.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Sorting networks. https:\/\/www.csunplugged.org\/en\/topics\/sorting-networks\/ Retrieved","author":"Unplugged CS","year":"2024","unstructured":"CS Unplugged. [n.,d.]. Sorting networks. https:\/\/www.csunplugged.org\/en\/topics\/sorting-networks\/ Retrieved January 15, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards, rev","author":"CSTA.","year":"2017","unstructured":"CSTA. 2017. CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards, rev. 2017. Technical Report. Computer Science Teachers Association. http:\/\/www.csteachers.org\/standards"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Informatics Education - Supporting Computational Thinking, Roland T","author":"Dagien Valentina","unstructured":"Valentina Dagien.e and Gerald Futschek. 2008. Bebras International Contest on Informatics and Computer Literacy: Criteria for Good Tasks. In Informatics Education - Supporting Computational Thinking, Roland T. Mittermeir and Maciej M. Sys\u0142o (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 19--30."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Department of Education. 2013. National curriculum in England: computing programmes of study. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/national-curriculum-in-england-computing-programmes-of-study"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Informatics education at school in Europe","author":"European Commission \/ EACEA \/ Eurydice. 2022.","unstructured":"European Commission \/ EACEA \/ Eurydice. 2022. Informatics education at school in Europe. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. https:\/\/eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu\/publications\/informatics-education-school-europe"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21585\/ijcses.v2i1.21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3293881.3295782"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3-030--15789-0_114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy. https:\/\/informaticasenzapc.di.unito.it\/brute-force-distribuito\/ Retrieved","author":"Garro Christian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Christian Garro. 2024. BRUTE FORCE DISTRIBUITO. In InformaticaSenzaPC, Sara Capecchi (Ed.). Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy. https:\/\/informaticasenzapc.di.unito.it\/brute-force-distribuito\/ Retrieved April 13, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Success and Failure in Mathematics: The Flexible Meaning of Symbols as Process and Concept","volume":"142","author":"Gray Eddie","year":"1992","unstructured":"Eddie Gray and David Tall. 1992. Success and Failure in Mathematics: The Flexible Meaning of Symbols as Process and Concept. Mathematics Teaching 142 (1992), 6--10.","journal-title":"Mathematics Teaching"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISECon.2014.6891029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62915\/2472-2707.1039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3421590.3421630"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3502718.3524767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"MIM. 2023. LINEE GUIDA PER LE DISCIPLINE STEM. https:\/\/www.miur.gov.it\/documents\/20182\/0\/LineeguidaSTEM.pdf\/2aa0b11f-7609--66ac-3fd8--2c6a03c80f77?version=1.0&t=1698173043586"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"MIUR. 2017. INDICAZIONI NAZIONALI E NUOVI SCENARI. https:\/\/www.miur.gov.it\/documents\/20182\/0\/Indicazioninazionalienuoviscenari\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"History and Philosophy of Computing","author":"Modeste Simon","unstructured":"Simon Modeste. 2016. Impact of Informatics on Mathematics and Its Teaching. In History and Philosophy of Computing, Fabio Gadducci and Mirko Tavosanis (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 243--255."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2094131.2094141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Dec. 29, 2021. https:\/\/www.gazzettaufficiale.it\/eli\/gu\/2021\/12\/31\/310\/so\/48\/sg\/pdf","author":"Parliament Italian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Italian Parliament. 2021. Italian Law 233, Dec. 29, 2021. https:\/\/www.gazzettaufficiale.it\/eli\/gu\/2021\/12\/31\/310\/so\/48\/sg\/pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3585059.3611428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EDUCON52537.2022.9766637"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3478432.3499067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3545947.3576266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732--3123(99)00029--2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3328778.3366816"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"the free media repository. https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=File:SubstitutionPermutationNetwork2.png&oldid=570824875 Retrieved","author":"Commons Wikimedia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wikimedia Commons. 2021. File:SubstitutionPermutationNetwork2.png -- Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=File:SubstitutionPermutationNetwork2.png&oldid=570824875 Retrieved January 16, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"the free media repository. https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=File:Diffie-Hellman_Key_Exchange.svg&oldid=736190254 Retrieved","author":"Commons Wikimedia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wikimedia Commons. 2023. File:Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange.svg -- Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=File:Diffie-Hellman_Key_Exchange.svg&oldid=736190254 Retrieved January 16, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"The Free Encyclopedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Farfallino_alphabet&oldid=1181499638 Retrieved","author":"Wikipedia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2023. Farfallino alphabet -- Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Farfallino_alphabet&oldid=1181499638 Retrieved January 11, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"The Free Encyclopedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pig_Latin&oldid=1193801075 Retrieved","author":"Wikipedia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2024. Pig Latin -- Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pig_Latin&oldid=1193801075 Retrieved January 11, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Difficolt\u00e0 in matematica","author":"Zan Rosetta","unstructured":"Rosetta Zan. 2007. Difficolt\u00e0 in matematica. Springer-Verlag, Milan, Italy."}],"event":{"name":"ITiCSE 2024: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education","location":"Milan Italy","acronym":"ITiCSE 2024","sponsor":["SIGCSE ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2024 on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 1"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3649217.3653548","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3649217.3653548","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T14:50:13Z","timestamp":1755787813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3649217.3653548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3649217.3653548","10.1145\/3649217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3649217.3653548","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}