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At the same time, interaction with self-similar virtual characters, or virtual doppelg\u00e4ngers, has become a prominent topic in both VR and psychology due to the intriguing psychological effects these characters can have on people. However, studies on human interaction with self-similar virtual characters are still limited. To address this research gap, we designed and conducted a 2 (appearance: self-similar vs. non-self-similar appearance) \u00d7 2 (voice: self-similar vs. non-self-similar voice) within-group study (N = 25) to explore how combinations of appearance and voice factors influence participants' perception of virtual characters. During the study, we asked participants to collaborate with a virtual character in solving a VR jigsaw puzzle. After each experimental condition, we had participants complete a survey about their experiences with the virtual character. Our findings showed that 1) the virtual characters' self-similarity in appearance enhanced the sense of co-presence and perceived intelligence, but it also elicited higher eeriness; 2) the self-similar voices led to higher ratings on the characters' likability and believability; however, they also induced a more eerie sensation; and 3) we observed an interaction effect between appearance and voice factors for ratings on believability, where the virtual characters were considered more believable when their self-similarity in appearance matched that of their voices. This study provided valuable insights and comprehensive guidance for creating novel collaborative experiences with self-similar virtual characters in immersive environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3651288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T13:39:44Z","timestamp":1715607584000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Collaborating with my Doppelg\u00e4nger"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3574-788X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siqi","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9459-4070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minsoo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7732-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0955-7959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Mousas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Society for Presence Research Annual Conference. 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