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We then perform a comparative analysis of the user and network characteristics of social media networks around these events and find clearly distinguishable traits across events. We find that influential entities like prominent politicians, digital influencers, and mainstream media prefer to engage more with social media events with lesser degree of propaganda while avoiding events with high degree of propaganda, which are mostly sustained by lesser known but dedicated micro-influencers. We also find that network communities of events with high degree of propaganda are significantly centralized with respect to the influence exercised by their leaders. The methods and findings of this study can pave the way for modeling and early detection of other propaganda events, using their user and community characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3653709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T10:05:31Z","timestamp":1714385131000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Networks and Influencers in Online Propaganda Events: A Comparative Study of Three Cases in India"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2337-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anirban","family":"Sen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research, Bengaluru, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7907-1335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soham","family":"De","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ashoka University, Sonepat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9076-2046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joyojeet","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2675133.2675208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30966\/2018.riga.2.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3432948"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Anatomy of a Rumour: Social media and the suicide of Sushant Singh Rajput. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.11744","author":"Akbar Syeda Zainab","year":"2020","unstructured":"Syeda Zainab Akbar, Ankur Sharma, Himani Negi, Anmol Panda, and Joyojeet Pal. 2020. 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