{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:07:46Z","timestamp":1755907666078,"version":"3.44.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":34,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The U.S. National Science Foundation","award":["2302974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2302974"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3657604.3664695","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T15:49:38Z","timestamp":1721058578000},"page":"461-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["SimPal: Towards a Meta-Conversational Framework to Understand Teacher's Instructional Goals for K-12 Physics"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3708-9539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Effat","family":"Farhana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2766-016X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souvika","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7842-4667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"Knipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9284-6078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indrani","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6777-7282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hari","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7102-0127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadhana","family":"Puntambekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5744-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santu","family":"Karmaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, et al.","author":"Achiam Josh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, et al. 2023. Gpt-4 technical report. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Rohan Anil Andrew M Dai Orhan Firat Melvin Johnson Dmitry Lepikhin Alexandre Passos Siamak Shakeri Emanuel Taropa Paige Bailey Zhifeng Chen et al. 2023. Palm 2 technical report. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.10403 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Roger Azevedo Amy M Witherspoon Arthur C Graesser Danielle S McNamara Amber Chauncey and Emily Siler. 2009. MetaTutor: Analyzing Self-Regulated Learning in a Tutoring System for Biology. AIED."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Identifying Students' Characteristic Learning Behaviors in an Intelligent Tutoring System Fostering Self-Regulated Learning","author":"Bouchet Franccois","year":"2012","unstructured":"Franccois Bouchet, Roger Azevedo, John S Kinnebrew, and Gautam Biswas. 2012. Identifying Students' Characteristic Learning Behaviors in an Intelligent Tutoring System Fostering Self-Regulated Learning. International Educational Data Mining Society (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Tom Brown Benjamin Mann Nick Ryder Melanie Subbiah Jared D Kaplan Prafulla Dhariwal Arvind Neelakantan Pranav Shyam Girish Sastry Amanda Askell et al. 2020. Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems Vol. 33 (2020) 1877--1901."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","first-page":"23908","article-title":"Decoupling knowledge from memorization: Retrieval-augmented prompt learning","volume":"35","author":"Chen Xiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiang Chen, Lei Li, Ningyu Zhang, Xiaozhuan Liang, Shumin Deng, Chuanqi Tan, Fei Huang, Luo Si, and Huajun Chen. 2022. Decoupling knowledge from memorization: Retrieval-augmented prompt learning. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Vol. 35 (2022), 23908--23922.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Palm: Scaling language modeling with pathways","volume":"24","author":"Chowdhery Aakanksha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aakanksha Chowdhery, Sharan Narang, Jacob Devlin, Maarten Bosma, Gaurav Mishra, Adam Roberts, Paul Barham, Hyung Won Chung, Charles Sutton, Sebastian Gehrmann, et al. 2023. Palm: Scaling language modeling with pathways. Journal of Machine Learning Research, Vol. 24, 240 (2023), 1--113.","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"CK-12. 2024. CK-12 Physical Science for Middle School. https:\/\/flexbooks.ck12.org\/cbook\/ck-12-middle-school-physical-science-flexbook-2.0\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"National Research Council et al. 2013. Next generation science standards: For states by states. (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Semi-supervised sequence learning. Advances in neural information processing systems","author":"Dai Andrew M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andrew M Dai and Quoc V Le. 2015. Semi-supervised sequence learning. Advances in neural information processing systems, Vol. 28 (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christian Fischer and R Charles Dershimer. 2020. Preparing teachers to use educational games virtual experiments and interactive science simulations for engaging students in the practices of science. (2020).","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/yhkc3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmb.2003.494031020193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":"28","author":"Graesser Arthur C","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arthur C Graesser, G Tanner Jackson, Hyun-Jeong Joyce Kim, and Andrew Olney. 2006. AutoTutor 3-D Simulations: Analyzing Users' Actions and Learning Trends. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Vol. 28."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-1031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.268"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Sal Khan. 2024. Khanmigo. https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/khan-labs."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Identifying Learning Behaviors by Contextualizing Differential Sequence Mining with Action Features and Performance Evolution","author":"Kinnebrew John S","year":"2012","unstructured":"John S Kinnebrew and Gautam Biswas. 2012. Identifying Learning Behaviors by Contextualizing Differential Sequence Mining with Action Features and Performance Evolution. International Educational Data Mining Society (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"A contextualized, differential sequence mining method to derive students' learning behavior patterns. JEDM| Journal of Educational Data Mining","author":"Kinnebrew John S","year":"2013","unstructured":"John S Kinnebrew, Kirk M Loretz, and Gautam Biswas. 2013. A contextualized, differential sequence mining method to derive students' learning behavior patterns. JEDM| Journal of Educational Data Mining, Vol. 5, 1 (2013), 190--219."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jee.20022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Leah L. Lecerio. 2019. Newton's Second Law of Motion. https:\/\/phet.colorado.edu\/en\/contributions\/view\/5092."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Long Ouyang Jeffrey Wu Xu Jiang Diogo Almeida Carroll Wainwright Pamela Mishkin Chong Zhang Sandhini Agarwal Katarina Slama Alex Ray et al. 2022. Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback. Advances in neural information processing systems Vol. 35 (2022) 27730--27744."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-023-00454-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-36336-8_45"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Alec Radford Jeffrey Wu Rewon Child David Luan Dario Amodei Ilya Sutskever et al. 2019. Language models are unsupervised multitask learners. OpenAI blog Vol. 1 8 (2019) 9."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Wouter R Van Joolingen, and Jan T Van Der Veen","author":"Rutten Nico","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nico Rutten, Wouter R Van Joolingen, and Jan T Van Der Veen. 2012. The learning effects of computer simulations in science education. Computers & education, Vol. 58, 1 (2012), 136--153."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shubhra Kanti Karmaker Santu and Dongji Feng. 2023. TELeR: A General Taxonomy of LLM Prompts for Benchmarking Complex Tasks. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP. 14197----14203.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-emnlp.946"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.nlp4convai-1.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Hugo Touvron Louis Martin Kevin Stone Peter Albert Amjad Almahairi Yasmine Babaei Nikolay Bashlykov Soumya Batra Prajjwal Bhargava Shruti Bhosale et al. 2023. Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.09288 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"the Netherlands University of Twente. 2012. Global Online Science Labs for Inquiry Learning in Schools. https:\/\/premium.golabz.eu\/about\/go-lab-initiative."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Carl Wieman. 2002. PhET. https:\/\/phet.colorado.edu\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.379"}],"event":{"name":"L@S '24: Eleventh ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","acronym":"L@S '24","location":"Atlanta GA USA"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3657604.3664695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3657604.3664695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T15:40:35Z","timestamp":1755877235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3657604.3664695"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3657604.3664695","10.1145\/3657604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3657604.3664695","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}