{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T04:23:15Z","timestamp":1770956595020,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology, Israel","award":["3-15625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3-15625"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural, Biological and Cognitive Robotics Initiative"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Hum.-Robot Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Socially assistive robots (SARs) are becoming more prevalent in everyday life, emphasizing the need to make them socially acceptable and aligned with users\u2019 expectations. Robots\u2019 appearance impacts users\u2019 behaviors and attitudes toward them. Therefore, product designers choose visual qualities to give the robot a character and to imply its functionality and personality. In this work, we sought to investigate the effect of cultural differences on Israeli and German designers\u2019 perceptions of SARs\u2019 roles and appearance in four different contexts: a service robot for an assisted living\/retirement residence facility, a medical assistant robot for a hospital environment, a COVID-19 officer robot, and a personal assistant robot for domestic use. The key insight is that although Israeli and German designers share similar perceptions of visual qualities for most of the robotics roles, we found differences in the perception of the COVID-19 officer robot\u2019s role and, by that, its most suitable visual design. This work indicates that context and culture play a role in users\u2019 perceptions and expectations; therefore, they should be taken into account when designing new SARs for diverse contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3657646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T17:26:43Z","timestamp":1712856403000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Designing Socially Assistive Robots Exploring Israeli and German Designers\u2019 Perceptions"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9753-7714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ela","family":"Liberman-Pincu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2482-6945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Korn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affective &amp; Cognitive Institute, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2860-0062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Grund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jonas Grund - Illustration and Comic, Offenburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1397-0316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elmer D.","family":"van Grondelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9523-0161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tal","family":"Oron-Gilad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-020-00634-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBIO.2018.8665127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-22731-8_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3369457.3369463"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-020-00666-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-019-00523-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3292147.3292239"},{"issue":"05","key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","article-title":"Anki, Jibo, and Kuri: What we can learn from social robots that didn\u2019t make it","volume":"1","author":"Hoffman G.","year":"2019","unstructured":"G. Hoffman. 2019. Anki, Jibo, and Kuri: What we can learn from social robots that didn\u2019t make it. IEEE Spectrum, 1(05), 2019.","journal-title":"IEEE Spectrum"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-17107-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2901790.2901811"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2011.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2157689.2157787"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tmb0000018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","volume-title":"Understanding Robot Acceptance","author":"Beer J. M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"J. M. Beer, A. Prakash, T. L. Mitzner, and W. A. Rogers. 2011. Understanding Robot Acceptance. School of Psychology\u2014Human Factors and Aging Laboratory Technical Report HFA-TR-1103. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AISB, Workshop on The Reign of Catz and Dogz? The Role of Virtual Creatures in a Computerised Society","volume":"7","author":"Lohse M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"M. Lohse, F. Hegel, A. Swadzba, K. Rohlfing, S. Wachsmuth, and B. Wrede. 2007. What can I do for you? Appearance and application of robots. In Proceedings of the AISB, Workshop on The Reign of Catz and Dogz? The Role of Virtual Creatures in a Computerised Society, Vol. 7. 121\u2013126."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-010-0056-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HUMANOIDS.2016.7803429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2004.1374827"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2004.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-016-0244-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","volume-title":"Vision in Design-A Guidebook for Innovators","author":"Hekkert P. P. M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"P. P. M. Hekkert and M. B. van Dijk. 2011. Vision in Design-A Guidebook for Innovators. BIS publishers."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2019.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mti5110071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-022-01781-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2003.1251796"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2015.7333594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3571717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","volume-title":"Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind","author":"Hofstede G.","year":"2005","unstructured":"G. Hofstede, G. J. Hofstede, and M. Minkov. 2005. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, Vol. 2. Mcgraw-Hill, New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3439717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-020-00710-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-015-0321-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11973-1_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-010-0056-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1349822.1349856"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2008.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AISB. Companions: Hard Problems and Open Challenges in Robot-Human Interaction","volume":"1","author":"Bartneck C.","year":"2005","unstructured":"C. Bartneck, T. Nomura, T. Kanda, T. Suzuki, and K. Kato. 2005. Cultural differences in attitudes towards robots. In Proceedings of the AISB. Companions: Hard Problems and Open Challenges in Robot-Human Interaction, 1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312713509704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2017.8172357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2696454.2696464"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference Social Robotics (ICSR \u201911)","author":"Syrdal D. S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"D. S. Syrdal, T. Nomura, H. Hirai, and K. Dautenhahn. 2011. Examining the Frankenstein syndrome: An open-ended cross-cultural survey. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference Social Robotics (ICSR \u201911). Springer, Berlin, 125\u2013134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5057\/ijae.13.149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2008.4600724"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on New Frontiers in Human-Robot Interaction. The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour (AISB \u201915)","author":"Nomura T. T.","year":"2015","unstructured":"T. T. Nomura, D. S. Syrdal, and K. Dautenhahn. 2015. Differences on social acceptance of humanoid robots between Japan and the UK. In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on New Frontiers in Human-Robot Interaction. The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour (AISB \u201915). 115\u2013120."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2559636.2559676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2012.6343850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120004403222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2008.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2004.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Human-Technology Interaction: Shaping the Future of Industrial User Interfaces","author":"Korn O.","year":"2022","unstructured":"O. Korn. 2022. Gamification in industrial production: An overview, best practices, and design recommendations. In Human-Technology Interaction: Shaping the Future of Industrial User Interfaces. C. R\u00f6cker and S. B\u00fcttner (Eds.), Springer, 251\u2013270."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2006.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-694X(98)00009-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-008-0001-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","first-page":"254","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI \u201917)","author":"Carpinella C. M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"C. M. Carpinella, A. B. Wyman, M. A. Perez, and S. J. Stroessner. 2017. The robotic social attributes scale (RoSAS) development and validation. In Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI \u201917). 254\u2013262."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3171221.3171286"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI53351.2022.9889466"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-49368-3_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312717704722"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3657646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3657646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:05:53Z","timestamp":1750291553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3657646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3657646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3657646","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-9522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-9522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}