{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:08:45Z","timestamp":1787936925531,"version":"build-2784847793"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":70,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3658644.3670368","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T12:19:20Z","timestamp":1733746760000},"page":"1106-1120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Privacy-Utility Trade-off in the Topics API"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4196-7467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio S.","family":"Alvim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9212-7839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2405-9838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annabelle","family":"McIver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7823-3061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel H.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University & Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JCS-150528"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3--319--96131--6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3576915.3623081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56553\/popets-2022-0114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3603216.3624959"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4230\/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2020.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Alvim M\u00e1rio S.","year":"2024","unstructured":"M\u00e1rio S. Alvim, Natasha Fernandes, Annabelle McIver, and Gabriel H. Nunes. 2024. The Privacy-Utility Trade-off in the Topics API. arXiv:2406.15309 [cs]. (June 2024). Retrieved June 24, 2024 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2406.15309."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"English. Ars Technica, (Aug. 2006","author":"Anderson Nate","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nate Anderson. 2006. The ethics of using AOL search data. English. Ars Technica, (Aug. 2006). https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/uncategorized\/2006\/08\/7578\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"English. TechCrunch, (Aug. 2006","author":"Arrington Michael","year":"2006","unstructured":"Michael Arrington. 2006. AOL Proudly Releases Massive Amounts of Private Data. English. TechCrunch, (Aug. 2006). https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2006\/08\/06\/aol-proudly-releases-massive-amounts-of-user-search-data\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"English. The New York Times, (Aug. 2006","author":"Barbaro Michael","year":"2006","unstructured":"Michael Barbaro and Tom Zeller. 2006. A Face Is Exposed for AOL Searcher No. 4417749. English. The New York Times, (Aug. 2006). https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/08\/09\/technology\/09aol.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2018-0033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC1738"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Beugin Yohan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yohan Beugin and Patrick McDaniel. 2023. Interest-disclosing Mechanisms for Advertising are Privacy-Exposing (not Preserving). arXiv:2306.03825 [cs]. (June 2023). Retrieved Sept. 10, 2023 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2306.03825."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Sixteenth symposium on usable privacy and security (SOUPS 2020","author":"Bird Sarah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarah Bird, Ilana Segall, and Martin Lopatka. 2020. Replication: Why we still can't browse in peace: On the uniqueness and reidentifiability of web browsing histories. In Sixteenth symposium on usable privacy and security (SOUPS 2020). USENIX Association, (Aug. 2020), 489--503. isbn: 978--1--939133--16--8. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/soups2020\/presentation\/bird."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1458082.1458112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Kuifje: A Quantitative Information Flow aware programming language. (Sept.","author":"Bognar Marton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marton Bognar. 2019. Kuifje: A Quantitative Information Flow aware programming language. (Sept. 2019). https:\/\/hackage.haskell.org\/package\/kuifje."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3589294"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3--642--39077--7_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSF.2019.00037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ic.2007.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Introducing the Privacy Sandbox on Android. English. (Feb","author":"Chavez Anthony","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anthony Chavez. 2022. Introducing the Privacy Sandbox on Android. English. (Feb. 2022). https:\/\/blog.google\/products\/android\/introducing-privacy-sandbox-android\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Citizen Lab et al. 2014. URL testing lists intended for discovering website censorship. (2014). https:\/\/github.com\/citizenlab\/test-lists."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1571-0661(04)00290--7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3--540--79228--4_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11681878_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2736277.2741679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Google, (Mar.","author":"Epasto Alessandro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alessandro Epasto, Andres Mu\u00f1oz Medina, Christina Ilvento, and Josh Karlin. 2022. Measures of Cross-Site Re-Identification Risk: an Analysis of the Topics API Proposal. Tech. rep. Google, (Mar. 2022). https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/patcg-individual-drafts\/topics\/main\/topics_analysis.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Natasha Fernandes. 2021. Differential Privacy for Metric Spaces: Information-Theoretic Models for Privacy and Utility with New Applications to Metric Domains. English. PhD Thesis. \u00c9cole Polytechnique Paris ; Macquarie University (July 2021). https:\/\/tel.archives-ouvertes.fr\/tel-03344320."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3--319--95582--7_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Fernandes Natasha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Natasha Fernandes, Annabelle McIver, and Parastoo Sadeghi. 2023. Explaining epsilon in local differential privacy through the lens of quantitative information flow. arXiv:2210.12916 [cs, math] (to appear at IEEE CSF '24). (May 2023). Retrieved Sept. 26, 2023 from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2210.12916."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Relative Uniform Resource Locators. English. Request for Comments. (June","author":"Fielding R.","year":"1995","unstructured":"R. Fielding. 1995. Relative Uniform Resource Locators. English. Request for Comments. (June 1995). https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc1808.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108770750.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Get to know the new Topics API for Privacy Sandbox. English. (Jan","author":"Goel Vinay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vinay Goel. 2022. Get to know the new Topics API for Privacy Sandbox. English. (Jan. 2022). https:\/\/blog.google\/products\/chrome\/get-know-new-topics-api-privacy-sandbox\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Federated Learning of Cohorts (FLoC). English. GitHub. (Aug","year":"2019","unstructured":"Google. 2019. Federated Learning of Cohorts (FLoC). English. GitHub. (Aug. 2019). https:\/\/github.com\/WICG\/floc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"The Topics API. English. GitHub. (Jan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Google. 2022. The Topics API. English. GitHub. (Jan. 2022). https:\/\/github.com\/patcg-individual-drafts\/topics."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"FLEDGE has been renamed to Protected Audience API. (Jan","author":"English TURTLEDOVE.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Google. 2020. TURTLEDOVE. English. GitHub. FLEDGE has been renamed to Protected Audience API. (Jan. 2020). https:\/\/github.com\/WICG\/turtledove."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"English. The New York Times, (Aug. 2006","author":"Hafner Katie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Katie Hafner. 2006. Researchers Yearn to Use AOL Logs, but They Hesitate. English. The New York Times, (Aug. 2006). https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/08\/23\/technology\/23search.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1341531.1341558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSF.2014.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1645953.1645966"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56553\/popets-2023-0098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3338466.3358915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FOCS.2008.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"USENIX Association","author":"Lerner Ada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ada Lerner, Anna Kornfeld Simpson, Tadayoshi Kohno, and Franziska Roesner. 2016. Internet Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Trackers: An Archaeological Study of Web Tracking from 1996 to 2016. In 25th USENIX security symposium (USENIX security 16). USENIX Association, Austin, TX, (Aug. 2016). isbn: 978--1--931971--32--4. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity16\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/lerner."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1190216.1190251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Mayer Jonathan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jonathan Mayer. 2013. The New Firefox Cookie Policy. (Feb. 2013). Retrieved July 24, 2023 from http:\/\/webpolicy.org\/2013\/02\/22\/the-new-firefox-cookie-policy\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Microsoft. 2021. MaCAW. English. GitHub. (Apr. 2021). https:\/\/github.com\/WICG\/privacy-preserving-ads\/blob\/main\/archive\/MACAW.md."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","unstructured":"Microsoft. 2021. PARAKEET. English. GitHub. (Feb. 2021). https:\/\/github.com\/WICG\/privacy-preserving-ads\/blob\/main\/archive\/Parakeet.md."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC2109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Mozilla Standards Position: Topics API. English. GitHub. (Jan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mozilla. 2023. Mozilla Standards Position: Topics API. English. GitHub. (Jan. 2023). https:\/\/github.com\/mozilla\/standards-positions\/issues\/622."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Interoperable Private Attribution (IPA). English. GitHub. (July","author":"Meta Platforms Mozilla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mozilla and Meta Platforms. 2022. Interoperable Private Attribution (IPA). English. GitHub. (July 2022). https:\/\/github.com\/patcg-individual-drafts\/ipa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/ZENODO.11029571"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/ZENODO.11032230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"Minas Gerais","author":"Lopes Gomes Alves Nunes Gabriel Henrique","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gabriel Henrique Lopes Gomes Alves Nunes. 2021. A formal quantitative study of privacy in the publication of official educational censuses in Brazil. English. Master?s thesis. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, (Apr. 2021). https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1843\/38085."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12243-013-0392--5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1146847.1146848"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"9th USENIX symposium on networked systems design and implementation (NSDI 12)","author":"Roesner Franziska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Franziska Roesner, Tadayoshi Kohno, and DavidWetherall. 2012. Detecting and defending against Third-Party tracking on the web. In 9th USENIX symposium on networked systems design and implementation (NSDI 12). USENIX Association, San Jose, CA, (Apr. 2012), 155--168. isbn: 978--93--197--1928--5. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi12\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/roesner."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Protecting privacy when disclosing information: k-anonymity and its enforcement through generalization and suppression. Tech. rep","author":"Samarati Pierangela","unstructured":"Pierangela Samarati and Latanya Sweeney. 1998. Protecting privacy when disclosing information: k-anonymity and its enforcement through generalization and suppression. Tech. rep. Publisher: technical report, SRI International."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Building a more private web. English. (Aug","author":"Schuh Justin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Justin Schuh. 2019. Building a more private web. English. (Aug. 2019). https:\/\/blog.google\/products\/chrome\/building-a-more-private-web\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3--642-00596--1_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Protected Audience API: Our new name for FLEDGE. English. (Apr","author":"Southey Tristram","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tristram Southey. 2023. Protected Audience API: Our new name for FLEDGE. English. (Apr. 2023). https:\/\/privacysandbox.com\/intl\/en_us\/news\/protected-audience-api-our-new-name-for-fledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"GitHub, (Jan.","author":"Thomson Martin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martin Thomson. 2023. A Privacy Analysis of Google's Topics Proposal. Tech. rep. Mozilla, GitHub, (Jan. 2023). https:\/\/mozilla.github.io\/ppa-docs\/topics.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"Privacy Preserving Attribution for Advertising. English. (Feb","author":"Thomson Martin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martin Thomson. 2022. Privacy Preserving Attribution for Advertising. English. (Feb. 2022). https:\/\/blog.mozilla.org\/en\/mozilla\/privacy-preserving-attribution-for-advertising\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"W3C Technical Architecture Group Review: Topics API. English. GitHub. (Jan","author":"W3C Technical Architecture Group","year":"2023","unstructured":"W3C Technical Architecture Group. 2023. W3C Technical Architecture Group Review: Topics API. English. GitHub. (Jan. 2023). https:\/\/github.com\/w3ctag\/design-reviews\/issues\/726."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1965.10480775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"WebKit Standards Positions: Topics API. English. GitHub. (Dec","author":"Open Source Project WebKit","year":"2022","unstructured":"WebKit Open Source Project. 2022. WebKit Standards Positions: Topics API. English. GitHub. (Dec. 2022). https:\/\/github.com\/WebKit\/standards-positions\/issues\/111."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"The Free Encyclopedia. English. Wiki.","author":"Wikipedia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2008. AOL search log release - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. English. Wiki. (2008). Retrieved Sept. 14, 2021 from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AOL_search_log_release."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"The Free Encyclopedia. English. Wiki.","author":"Wikipedia","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors. 2004. Domain name - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. English. Wiki. (2004). Retrieved Dec. 29, 2023 from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Domain_name."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Wilander John","year":"2020","unstructured":"John Wilander. 2020. Full Third-Party Cookie Blocking and More. (Mar. 2020). Retrieved July 24, 2023 from https:\/\/webkit.org\/blog\/10218\/full-third-party-cookie-blocking-and-more\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Wood Marissa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marissa Wood. 2019. Today's Firefox Blocks Third-Party Tracking Cookies and Cryptomining by Default. (Sept. 2019). Retrieved July 24, 2023 from https:\/\/blog.mozilla.org\/en\/products\/firefox\/todays-firefox-blocks-third-party-tracking-cookies-and-cryptomining-by-default\/."}],"event":{"name":"CCS '24: ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","location":"Salt Lake City UT USA","acronym":"CCS '24","sponsor":["SIGSAC ACM Special Interest Group on Security, Audit, and Control"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3658644.3670368","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3658644.3670368","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T05:53:57Z","timestamp":1755842037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3658644.3670368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3658644.3670368","10.1145\/3658644"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3658644.3670368","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}