{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T20:03:37Z","timestamp":1784232217547,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":47,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Visa Research Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006374","name":"NSF (National Science Foundation)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-2246353, CNS-2246354, CCF-2217070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-2246353, CNS-2246354, CCF-2217070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cisco Research Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006374","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. HR001120C0087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. HR001120C0087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3658644.3690289","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T12:19:20Z","timestamp":1733746760000},"page":"3095-3109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Tight ZK CPU: Batched ZK Branching with Cost Proportional to Evaluated Instruction"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6062-3531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yibin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9589-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8951-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmit","family":"Hazay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bar-Ilan University &amp; Ligero Inc., Ramat Gan, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0211-1244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Kolesnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9765-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muthuramakrishnan","family":"Venkitasubramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ligero Inc., Rochester, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-84259-8_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2014.36"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3--642--40084--1_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44381-1_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"USENIX Security","author":"Ben-Sasson Eli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eli Ben-Sasson, Alessandro Chiesa, Eran Tromer, and Madars Virza. 2014. Succinct Non-Interactive Zero Knowledge for a von Neumann Architecture. In USENIX Security 2014,, Kevin Fu and Jaeyeon Jung (Eds.). USENIX Association, 781--796."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3--642--20465--4_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.2001.959888"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/509907.509980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3-030--45721--1_26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Arka Rai Choudhuri Sanjam Garg Aarushi Goel Sruthi Sekar and Rohit Sinha. 2023. SublonK: Sublinear Prover PlonK. Cryptology ePrint Archive Paper 2023\/902. https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2023\/902"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3--540--48658--5_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3484595"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Security and Cryptography for Networks","author":"de Saint Guilhem Cyprien Delpech","unstructured":"Cyprien Delpech de Saint Guilhem, Emmanuela Orsini, Titouan Tanguy, and Michiel Verbauwhede. 2022. Efficient Proof of RAM Programs from Any Public-Coin Zero-Knowledge System. In Security and Cryptography for Networks, Clemente Galdi and Stanislaw Jarecki (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 615--638."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Zijing Di Lucas Xia Wilson Nguyen and Nirvan Tyagi. 2023. MUXProofs: Succinct Arguments for Machine Computation from Tuple Lookups. Cryptology ePrint Archive Paper 2023\/974. https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2023\/974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4230\/LIPIcs.ITC.2021.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3484795"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3--540--47721--7_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3484800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-07085-3_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Dora: Processor Expressiveness is (Nearly) Free in Zero-Knowledge for RAM Programs. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2023\/1749. https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2023\/1749","author":"Goel Aarushi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aarushi Goel, Mathias Hall-Andersen, and Gabriel Kaptchuk. 2023. Dora: Processor Expressiveness is (Nearly) Free in Zero-Knowledge for RAM Programs. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2023\/1749. https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2023\/1749"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3-031--30617--4_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/22145.22178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3-030--45727--3_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00089"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Wenqing Hu Tianyi Liu Ye Zhang Yuncong Zhang and Zhenfei Zhang. 2024. Parallel Zero-knowledge Virtual Machine. Cryptology ePrint Archive Paper 2024\/387. https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2024\/387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1250790.1250794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3-030-03332--3_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Abhiram Kothapalli and Srinath Setty. 2022. SuperNova: Proving universal machine executions without universal circuits. Cryptology ePrint Archive Report 2022\/1758. https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2022\/1758."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15985-5_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3-031--68403--6_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP54263.2024.00035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3485379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3548606.3559373"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3339817"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32009-5_40"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001450010003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"Xiao Wang Alex J. Malozemoff and Jonathan Katz. 2016. EMP-toolkit: Efficient MultiParty computation toolkit. https:\/\/github.com\/emp-toolkit."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Mystique: Efficient Conversions for Zero-Knowledge Proofs with Applications to Machine Learning. In USENIX Security","author":"Weng Chenkai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chenkai Weng, Kang Yang, Xiang Xie, Jonathan Katz, and Xiao Wang. 2021. Mystique: Efficient Conversions for Zero-Knowledge Proofs with Applications to Machine Learning. In USENIX Security 2021,, Michael Bailey and Rachel Greenstadt (Eds.). USENIX Association, 501--518."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3484556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"33rd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 24)","author":"Yang Yibin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yibin Yang and David Heath. 2024. Two Shuffles Make a RAM: Improved Constant Overhead Zero Knowledge RAM. In 33rd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 24). USENIX Association, Philadelphia, PA, 1435--1452. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity24\/presentation\/yang-yibin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3576915.3623169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yibin Yang David Heath Carmit Hazay Vladimir Kolesnikov and Muthuramakrishnan Venkitasubramaniam. 2024. Tight ZK CPU: Batched ZK Branching with Cost Proportional to Evaluated Instruction. Cryptology ePrint Archive Paper 2024\/456. https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2024\/456","DOI":"10.1145\/3658644.3690289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP53844.2022.00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3576915.3616664"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.00013"}],"event":{"name":"CCS '24: ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","location":"Salt Lake City UT USA","acronym":"CCS '24","sponsor":["SIGSAC ACM Special Interest Group on Security, Audit, and Control"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3658644.3690289","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3658644.3690289","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T06:17:45Z","timestamp":1755843465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3658644.3690289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3658644.3690289","10.1145\/3658644"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3658644.3690289","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}