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However, with such extensive communication comes the risk to privacy. Preserving privacy while still exchanging vehicle state information has been recognized as an important problem.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Mix zones have emerged as a potentially effective way of protecting user privacy in ITS. CAVs are assigned pseudonyms to mask their identity; a mix zone is an area where CAVs can change their pseudonyms to resist being tracked.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>In order to be effective, mix zone placement must take account of traffic flows. Also, since a mix zone can degrade throughput, mix zones must be used sparingly. Determining the number and placement of mix zones is a difficult dynamic optimization problem. This paper outlines the various approaches recently taken by researchers to deal with this problem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3659576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T10:54:20Z","timestamp":1713783260000},"page":"1-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Mix-Zones as an Effective Privacy Enhancing Technique in Mobile and Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9490-0119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirupama","family":"Ravi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, United States and Bell Labs Solutions Research, Nokia Bell Labs, Murray Hill, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6019-9125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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