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Children are particularly vulnerable as they might lack the skills to recognise and resist these deceptive attempts. To be effective, interventions to forewarn and forearm should build on a comprehensive understanding of children\u2019s existing mental models. To this end, we carried out a study with 11- to 12-year-old Scottish children to reveal their mental models of dark patterns. They were acutely aware of online deception, referring to deployers as being \u2018up to no good.\u2019 Yet, they were overly vigilant and construed worst-case outcomes, with even a benign warning triggering suspicion. We recommend that rather than focusing on specific instances of dark patterns in awareness raising, interventions should prioritise improving children\u2019s understanding of the characteristics of, and the motivations behind, deceptive online techniques. By so doing, we can help them to develop a more robust defence against these deceptive practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3660342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T18:16:38Z","timestamp":1713896198000},"page":"1-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["\u201cWe\u2019re Not That Gullible!\u201d Revealing Dark Pattern Mental Models of 11-12-Year-Old Scottish Children"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7187-6531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Renaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, and Abertay University, Dundee, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6011-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cigdem","family":"Sengul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brunel University, London, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8793-7122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kovila","family":"Coopamootoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kings College London, London, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6493-6017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan","family":"Clift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2145-5077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqui","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3609-8241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Springett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Middlesex University, London, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2738-6498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Fear of missing out (FOMO) as a predictor of problematic social media use among teenagers","volume":"5","author":"Abeele Mariek M. 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