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Percept."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Simulated eye-tracking data are an integral tool in the development of eye-tracking methods. Most of the simulated data used in eye-tracking-related research has been generated using low-complexity eye models that include a single spherical corneal surface. This study investigated the influence of eye-model complexity on the ability of simulated eye-tracking data to predict real-world outcomes. The experimental procedures of two pertinent comparative eye-tracking studies were replicated in a simulated environment using various eye-model complexities. The simulated outcomes were then evaluated against the findings of the comparative studies that were derived from real-world outcomes. The simulated outcomes of both comparative studies were significantly influenced by the eye-model complexity. Eye models that included an aspheric corneal surface best replicated experimental eye-tracking outcomes, while including a posterior corneal surface did not improve the ability of simulated data to replicate real-world outcomes. Using a wide-angle eye model that accurately replicates the peripheral optics of the eye did not improve simulated outcomes relative to a paraxial eye model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3660637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T11:32:42Z","timestamp":1719574362000},"page":"1-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Influence that the Complexity of the Three-Dimensional Eye Model Used to Generate Simulated Eye-tracking Data Has on the Gaze Estimation Errors Achieved Using the Data"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5634-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua David","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3579-654X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"van der Merwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9540-6016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Vandenheever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural Engineering Research Division, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, United States"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"K. 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