{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T02:30:07Z","timestamp":1781836207742,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["NSTC 109- 2221-E-005-055-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 109- 2221-E-005-055-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Paper-based digital microfluidic biochip (PB-DMFB) technology provides a promising solution to many biochemical applications. However, the PB-DMFB manufacturing process may suffer from potential security threats. For example, a Trojan insertion attack may affect the functionality of PB-DMFBs. To ensure the correct functionality of PB-DMFBs, we propose a watermarking scheme to hide information in the PB-DMFB layout, which allows users to check design integrity and authenticate the source of the PB-DMFB design. As a result, the proposed method serves as a countermeasure against Trojan insertion attacks in addition to proof of authorship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3661309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T11:38:33Z","timestamp":1714390713000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Enhanced Watermarking for Paper-Based Digital Microfluidic Biochips"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3618-1136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-De","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan and Realtek Semiconductor Corp., Hsin-Chu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9517-3582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sying-Jyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9942-5185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine Shu-Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7348-5625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung-Yi","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VLSI.Design.2010.33"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2039370.2039422"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201305014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2017.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITC-Asia51099.2020.00037"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTS.2016.7477273"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DFT.2017.8244448"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712521"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712567"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ATS.2018.00042"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASPDAC.2016.7428076"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2966986.2967018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2019.2894820"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE51398.2021.9474065"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394885.3431609"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394885.3431611"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAD45719.2019.8942104"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAD45719.2019.8942172"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BioCAS.2016.7833754"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ETS.2018.8400686"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASPDAC.2017.7858374"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2018.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2017.2748030"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2015.2509991"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2020.2988351"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCD.2017.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWSOC.2003.1213006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1065579.1065637"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2455338"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2907185"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-93274-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisa.2021.102773"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2022.3220758"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1976.1055638"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3661309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3661309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:04:02Z","timestamp":1750291442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3661309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3661309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3661309","relation":{},"ISSN":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1084-4309","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7309","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}