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Such systems require handling new situations and change on the fly and ensuring the quality of service while only having access to constrained computation and communication resources and operating in mobile, dynamic and ever-changing environments. Hence, adaptation and self-organisation are crucial for such systems to maintain their performance, and operability while accommodating new changes in their environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article reviews the current literature in the field of adaptive edge computing systems. We use a widely accepted taxonomy, which describes the important aspects of adaptive behaviour implementation in computing systems. This taxonomy discusses aspects such as adaptation reasons, the various levels an adaptation strategy can be implemented, the time of reaction to a change, categories of adaptation technique and control of the adaptive behaviour. In this article, we discuss how these aspects are addressed in the literature and identify the open research challenges and future direction in adaptive edge computing systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The results of our analysis show that most of the identified approaches target adaptation at the application level, and only a few focus on middleware, communication infrastructure and context. Adaptations that are required to address the changes in the context, changes caused by users or in the system itself are also less explored. Furthermore, most of the literature has opted for reactive adaptation, although proactive adaptation is essential to maintain the edge computing systems\u2019 performance and interoperability by anticipating the required adaptations on the fly. Additionally, most approaches apply a centralised adaptation control, which does not perfectly fit the mostly decentralised\/distributed edge computing settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3664200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T15:09:34Z","timestamp":1715267374000},"page":"1-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Adaptation in Edge Computing: A Review on Design Principles and Research Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3712-6550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fateneh","family":"Golpayegani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8061-2343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanxi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8422-9878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nima","family":"Afraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0744-4208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Gyamfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1358-1943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdollah","family":"Malekjafarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5111-8385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syntax Systems GmbH &amp; Co., Weinheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7275-0738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Krupitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Informatics and Computational Science Lab, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2750180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2018.8622117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICII.2018.00034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSA47634.2020.00022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3084912"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EEEIC.2016.7555867"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3320326.3320377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3524844.3528051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3634750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19092048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218194017500085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData50022.2020.9378038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simon Elias Bibri and John Krogstie. 2017. 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