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Despite exceptions, several deployments of WSN continue to grapple with the limitation of finite energy derived through batteries. Thus, it is imperative that the energy of a WSN be conserved and its life prolonged. An important direction of work to this end is towards the transmission of data between nodes in a manner that minimum energy is expended. One approach to doing this is cluster-based routing, wherein nodes in a WSN are organised into clusters, and transmission of data from the node is through a representative node called a cluster-head. Forming optimal clusters and choosing an optimal cluster-head is an NP-Hard problem. Significant work is done towards devising mechanisms to form clusters and choosing cluster heads to reduce the transmission overhead to a minimum. In this article, an approach is proposed to create clusters and identify cluster heads that are near optimal. The approach involves two-stage clustering, with the clustering algorithm for each stage chosen through an exhaustive search. Furthermore, unlike existing approaches that choose a cluster-head on the basis of the residual energy of nodes, the proposed approach utilises three factors in addition to the residual energy, namely the distance of a node from the cluster centroid, the distance of a node from the final destination (base-station), and the connectivity of the node. The approach is shown to be effective and economical through extensive validation via simulations and through a real-world prototypical implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3665867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T07:57:30Z","timestamp":1716623850000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dynamic Cluster Head Selection in WSN"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2780-7125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupendra Pratap Singh","family":"Hada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6338-5476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maryam Abdolkarimi Sepideh Adabi and Arash Sharifi. 2018. 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