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However, this may include private or sensitive information that may cause some users to refrain from using such monitoring devices. Also, short battery lifetime and large form factors reduce applicability for long-term capture of human activity. Solving this triad of interconnected problems is challenging due to wearable embedded systems\u2019 energy, memory, and computing constraints. Inspired by this critical use case and the unique design problem, we developed NIR-sighted, an architecture for wearable video cameras that navigates this design space via three key ideas: (i)\u00a0reduce storage and enhance privacy by discarding masked pixels and frames, (ii)\u00a0enable programmers to generate effective masks with low computational overhead, and (iii)\u00a0enable the use of small MCUs by moving masking and compression off-chip. Combined together in an end-to-end system, NIR-sighted\u2019s masking capabilities and off-chip compression hardware shrinks systems, stores less data, and enables programmer-defined obfuscation to yield privacy enhancement. The user\u2019s privacy is enhanced significantly as nowhere in the pipeline is any part of the image stored before it is obfuscated. We design a wearable camera called NIR-sightedCam based on this architecture; it is compact and can record IR and grayscale video at 16 and 20+ fps, respectively, for 26 hours nonstop (59 hours with IR disabled) at a fraction of comparable platforms power draw. NIR-sightedCam includes a low-power Field Programmable Gate Array that implements our mJPEG compress\/obfuscate hardware, Blindspot. We additionally show the potential for privacy-enhancing function and clinical utility via an in-lab eating study, validated by a nutritionist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3672076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T11:28:24Z","timestamp":1718364504000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["NIR-sighted: A Programmable Streaming Architecture for Low-Energy Human-Centric Vision Applications"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5525-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Mamish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Computer Interaction, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0789-7805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rawan","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Evanston, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2466-0025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sougata","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BITS Pilani - KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8434-4892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shashank","family":"Holla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0988-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panchami","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7056-961X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaman","family":"Sangar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6681-7564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabil","family":"Alshurafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Evanston, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1680-085X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josiah","family":"Hester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2526667.2526673"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-015-0871-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"5456","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Pizza Stefania","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stefania Pizza, Barry Brown, Donald McMillan, and Airi Lampinen. 2016. 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