{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T15:03:01Z","timestamp":1775228581101,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":99,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Council of Finland","award":["353325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["353325"]}]},{"name":"ANID\/ PIA\/ Basal Funds for Centers of Excellence","award":["FB0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FB0003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3672608.3707764","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T18:26:21Z","timestamp":1747247181000},"page":"54-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Beyond Text-to-Text: An Overview of Multimodal and Generative Artificial Intelligence for Education Using Topic Modeling"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2068-2777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ville","family":"Heilala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2598-8994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3248-9619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raija","family":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/lhtn-02-2024-0028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.1345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tlt.2023.3314610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/jrit-03-2024-0076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su151712983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"On the opportunities and risks of foundation models. arXiv (Aug","author":"Bommasani Rishi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rishi Bommasani, Drew A Hudson, Ehsan Adeli, Russ Altman, Simran Arora, and ... 2021. On the opportunities and risks of foundation models. arXiv (Aug. 2021). arXiv:2108.07258 [cs.LG]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37456-2_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/fie58773.2023.10343373"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icassp48485.2024.10447265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/geotechnics4020026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tlt.2024.3378279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100197"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeo.2024.100171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2022.100118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26034\/fr.jehe.2024.5973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2318124121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/25902539-00102009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-023-00392-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15391523.2022.2121344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/applirev-2024-0184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1906946"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18438\/eblip30512"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-022-00313-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-022-00471-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2022.886498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670-023-01942-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3657604.3664695"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/eltp.v9i1-2.68716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2203.05794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3420709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-00801-6_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/979-8-3693-0230-9.ch002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44163-022-00039-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30194-3_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3636555.3636850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-024-01265-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su16166973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-021-00823-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2023.104466"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.395275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compcom.2023.102775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00408-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2023.104977"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2024.2311975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ming Y Lu Bowen Chen Drew F K Williamson Richard J Chen Melissa Zhao Aaron K Chow Kenji Ikemura Ahrong Kim Dimitra Pouli Ankush Patel Amr Soliman Chengkuan Chen Tong Ding Judy J Wang Georg Gerber Ivy Liang Long Phi Le Anil V Parwani Luca L Weishaupt and Faisal Mahmood. 2024. A multimodal generative AI copilot for human pathology. Nature 634 (June 2024) 466\u2013473. 10.1038\/s41586-024-07618-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07618-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02602938.2024.2309963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-024-00954-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2022.2149865"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/979-8-3693-2314-4.ch003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00861"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-024-02514-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202309.0562.v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2024.103290"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611973440.96"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2331186x.2024.2357898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439884.2022.2095568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/te.1983.4321634"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3639474.3640068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-024-00414-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2024.1392091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-021-10104-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305337"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3632620.3671116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jik.2024.100517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55056\/etq.671"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40119-023-00347-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohammed Ahmed Sadeq Reem Mohamed Farouk Ghorab Mohamed Hady Ashry Ahmed Mohamed Abozaid Haneen A Banihani Moustafa Salem Mohammed Tawfiq Abu Aisheh Saad Abuzahra Marina Ramzy Mourid Mohamad Monif Assker Mohammed Ayyad and Mostafa Hossam El Din Moawad. 2024. AI chatbots show promise but limitations on UK medical exam questions: a comparative performance study. Scientific reports 14 1 (Aug. 2024) 1\u201311. 10.1038\/s41598-024-68996-2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68996-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-023-03287-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3672608.3707817"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-024-00478-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2022.104564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-022-00800-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642592"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-9201-8_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ai5040093"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.4c00212"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2018.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17083\/ijsg.v11i2.744"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_85_1","unstructured":"UNESCO. 2019. Beijing Consensus on Artificial Intelligence and Education. https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000368303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"UNESCO. 2023. Guidance for generative AI in education and research. 10.54675\/ewzm9535","DOI":"10.54675\/ewzm9535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1386\/eta_00143_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3627217.3627235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-022-01437-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/lht-11-2023-0525"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43590-4_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.124167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-023-04776-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3674912.3674922"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i21.30361"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16920\/jeet\/2024\/v37is2\/24072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rev3.3489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/philosophies9010013"}],"event":{"name":"SAC '25: 40th ACM\/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","location":"Catania International Airport Catania Italy","acronym":"SAC '25","sponsor":["SIGAPP ACM Special Interest Group on Applied Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 40th ACM\/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3672608.3707764","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3672608.3707764","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:57:32Z","timestamp":1750298252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3672608.3707764"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3672608.3707764","10.1145\/3672608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3672608.3707764","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}