{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:28:48Z","timestamp":1787671728559,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R & D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023YFC3806000 and 2023YFC3806002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3806000 and 2023YFC3806002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61936014 and 62201388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61936014 and 62201388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2021SHZDZX0100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SHZDZX0100"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan Project","award":["22511105300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22511105300"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","award":["22ZR1463400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZR1463400"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022-5-YB-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-5-YB-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Knowl. Discov. Data"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Knowledge graph employs the specific graph structure to store knowledge in the form of entities, relations, attributes, and so forth, which can effectively represent correlations among data and has been applied in many fields, including search engine optimization, intelligent question answering, and recommendation systems. In this article, we mainly focus on the research and application of the domain-specific knowledge graph in the field of the smart city, which has not been fully paid attention to. Currently, the major problem faced by the smart city lies in data mining and proper application. On the one hand, data are usually stored by government management departments, which creates challenges such as high data storing overhead and inefficient data usage. On the other hand, data cannot be coordinated and collaborated between different city management systems, because data silos exist. By constructing the corresponding knowledge graph, the data of urban traffic, services, and public resources are integrated to provide help for city builders and managers to make important decisions. Therefore, we will review the related literature on the knowledge graph existing in the smart city domain to expore reasearch scopes. Specifically, we will analyze and summarize knowledge graph construction research in the field of smart cities from four perspectives, i.e., smart city ontology, urban data processing, urban knowledge graph construction, and their application. Finally, the research limitations and prospects of the urban knowledge graph are provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3672615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T16:19:15Z","timestamp":1721405955000},"page":"1-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Survey on Knowledge Graph Related Research in Smart City Domain"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6710-7548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5021-3686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengxia","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4301-394X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengjie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23218753"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2021.103076"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103580"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dce.2021.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2973928"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NAVITEC.2014.7045139"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2554850.2555072"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ISWC 2015","author":"Arenas M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"M. Arenas, O. Corcho, E. Simperl, M. Strohmaier, M. D\u2019Aquin, K. Srinivas, P. Groth, M. Dumontier, J. Heflin, K. Thirunarayan, and S. Staab. 2015. Building and using a knowledge graph to combat human trafficking. In Proceedings of the ISWC 2015, 205\u2013221."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","unstructured":"Siddhant Arora. 2020. A survey on graph neural networks for knowledge graph completion. arXiv:2007.12374. Retrieved from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2007.12374"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-76298-0_52"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000774"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","unstructured":"Claudio Badii Pierfrancesco Bellini Ivan Bruno Mariano Di Claudio Giacomo Martelli Paolo Nesi and Nadia Rauch. 2015. Km4City as Smart City Semantic Model and Tools. Technical Report. Retrieved from https:\/\/flore.unifi.it\/handle\/2158\/1009061"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2023.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","first-page":"2670","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Banko Michele","year":"2007","unstructured":"Michele Banko, Michael J. Cafarella, Stephen Soderland, Matt Broadhead, and Oren Etzioni. 2007. Open information extraction from the web. In Proceedings of the IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2670\u20132676."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvlc.2014.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Distributed Multimedia Systems (DMS \u201914)","author":"Bellini Pierfrancesco","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pierfrancesco Bellini, Monica Benigni, Riccardo Billero, Paolo Nesi, and Nadia Rauch. 2014. Ontology bulding vs data harvesting and cleaning for smart-city services. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Distributed Multimedia Systems (DMS \u201914), 211\u2013220."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Km4City: Smart City Ontology and Tools for City Knowledge Exploitation","author":"Bellini Pierfrancesco","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pierfrancesco Bellini, Ivan Bruno, Alice Cavaliere, Daniele Cenni, Mariano Diclaudio, Giacomo Martelli, Simone Menabeni, Paolo Nesi, Gianni Pantaleo, and Nadia Rauch. 2014. Km4City: Smart City Ontology and Tools for City Knowledge Exploitation. Technical Report. 2\u20134 pages.","journal-title":"Technical Report"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1376616.1376746"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stephen Bonner Ian P. Barrett Cheng Ye Rowan Swiers Ola Engkvist Andreas Bender Charles T. Hoyt and William L. Hamilton. 2021. A review of biomedical datasets relating to drug discovery: A knowledge graph perspective. arXiv:2102.10062. Retrieved from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2102.10062","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac404"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2018.2807452"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","first-page":"1452","article-title":"Multi-channel graph neural network for entity alignment","volume":"1","author":"Cao Yixin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yixin Cao, Zhiyuan Liu, Chengjiang Li, Zhiyuan Liu, Juanzi Li, and Tat Seng Chua. 2020. Multi-channel graph neural network for entity alignment. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL \u201919), Vol. 1. 1452\u20131461.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL \u201919)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3292500.3330964"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyai.2021.100106"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyai.2022.100137"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dce.2023.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11849"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2983323.2983869"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.112948"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2882903.2882954"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigComp.2018.00138"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-018-2672-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-06826-8_15"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9050750"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Anchorage \u201919: 1st International Workshop on Challenges and Experiences from Data Integration to Knowledge Graphs (Resolution)","author":"Daniel Obraczka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Obraczka Daniel, Saeedi Alieh, and Rahm Erhard. 2019. Knowledge graph completion with FAMER. In Proceedings of Anchorage \u201919: 1st International Workshop on Challenges and Experiences from Data Integration to Knowledge Graphs (Resolution), 1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP-SmartWorld.2016.0152"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13105578"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","article-title":"Survey of cyber security knowledge graph","author":"DING Zhaoyun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhaoyun DING, Kai LIU, Bin LIU, and Xixi ZHU. 2020. Survey of cyber security knowledge graph. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition) (2020).","journal-title":"Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2623330.2623623"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2732951.2732962"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2723372.2731083"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2245276.2245341"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3236187.3269461"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","first-page":"16130073","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SEMANTiCS(Posters, Demos, SuCCESS)","author":"Ehrlinger Lisa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lisa Ehrlinger and Wolfram W\u00f6\u00df. 2016. Towards a definition of knowledge graphs. In Proceedings of the SEMANTiCS(Posters, Demos, SuCCESS), 16130073"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0006188004730480"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-015-0549-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app9010032"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app9010032"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2016.2527602"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11959\/j.issn.2096-0271.2020017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Deep Learning for Knowledge Graphs (DL4KG \u201919)","author":"Gesese Genet Asefa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Genet Asefa Gesese, Russa Biswas, and Harald Sack. 2019. A comprehensive survey of knowledge graph embeddings with literals: Techniques and applications. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Deep Learning for Knowledge Graphs (DL4KG \u201919), 31\u201340."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Pundit: Semantically structured annotations for web contents and digital libraries","volume":"912","author":"Grassi Marco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marco Grassi, Christian Morbidoni, Michele Nucci, Simone Fonda, and Giovanni Ledda. 2012. Pundit: Semantically structured annotations for web contents and digital libraries. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 912, 49\u201360.","journal-title":"CEUR Workshop Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ayda Grisiute Heidi Silvennoinen Zhongming Shi Arkadiusz Chadzynski Shiying Li Mei Qi Lim Franziska Sielker Aurel von Richthofen Pieter Herthogs Stephen Cairns and Markus Kraft. 2021. Creating multi-domain urban planning indicators using a knowledge graph: A district energy use case in Singapore. DOI: 10.3929\/ethz-b-000524050 Accepted: 2022-01-10T07:47:44Z.","DOI":"10.3929\/ethz-b-000524050"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2022.3180362","article-title":"What is event knowledge graph: A survey","author":"Guan Saiping","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saiping Guan, Xueqi Cheng, Long Bai, Fujun Zhang, Zixuan Li, Yutao Zeng, Xiaolong Jin, and Jiafeng Guo. 2022. What is event knowledge graph: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2022), 1\u201320. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2022.3180362","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tkde.2020.3028705"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Knowledge graph representation fusion framework for fine-grained object recognition in smart cities","author":"He Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang He, Ling Tian, Lizong Zhang, and Xi Zeng. 2021. Knowledge graph representation fusion framework for fine-grained object recognition in smart cities. Complexity (2021), 1\u20139. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/8041029","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","article-title":"Semantic city planning systems (SCPS): A literature review","author":"Herthogs Pieter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pieter Herthogs, Aurel Von Richthofen, Pieter Herthogs, and Markus Kraft. 2021. Semantic city planning systems (SCPS): A literature review. Cambridge Centre for Computational Chemical Engineering (2021).","journal-title":"Cambridge Centre for Computational Chemical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2012.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99740-7_1"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","first-page":"2587","article-title":"Research review of knowledge graph and its application in medical domain","volume":"55","author":"Hou Mengwei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mengwei Hou, Rong Wei, Liang Lu, Xin Lan, and Hongwei Cai. 2018. Research review of knowledge graph and its application in medical domain. Journal of Chinese Political Science 55, 12 (2018), 2587\u20132599.","journal-title":"Journal of Chinese Political Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SWC50871.2021.00068"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i05.6304"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3539735","article-title":"Detecting extreme traffic events via a context augmented graph autoencoder","author":"Hu Yue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yue Hu, Ao Qu, and Dan Work. 2022. Detecting extreme traffic events via a context augmented graph autoencoder. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (2022), 1\u201323.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-41154-0_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3070843"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(02)00220-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","unstructured":"Aditya Kalyanpur College Park James Hendler and Jennifer Golbeck. 2002. SMORE \u2013 Semantic Markup Ontology and RDF Editor. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.mindswap.org\/papers\/SMORE.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Knowledge graph anchored information-extraction for domain-specific insights","author":"Khetan Vivek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vivek Khetan, Annervaz K M, Erin Wetherley, Elena Eneva, Shubhashis Sengupta, and Andrew E. Fano. 2021. Knowledge graph anchored information-extraction for domain-specific insights. Journal of Physics (2021), 1\u20136. Retrieved from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2104.08936","journal-title":"Journal of Physics"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","first-page":"706","volume":"76","author":"Kilgarriff Adam","year":"2000","unstructured":"Adam Kilgarriff and Christiane Fellbaum. 2000. WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, Vol. 76, 706 pages.","journal-title":"WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1633\/JISTAP.2018.6.1.2"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep learning-based knowledge graph generation for Covid-19","volume":"13","author":"Kim Taejin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taejin Kim, Yeoil Yun, and Namgyu Kim. 2021. Deep learning-based knowledge graph generation for Covid-19. Sustainability (Switzerland) 13, 4 (2021), 1\u201320.","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-06826-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Learning Representations","author":"Kipf Thomas N.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thomas N. Kipf and Max Welling. 2017. Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Learning Representations. DOI: https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=SJU4ayYgl GCN"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2004.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Knowledge Capture Workshop on Knowledge Markup and Semantic Annotation (K-CAP \u201901)","author":"Kogut P.","year":"2001","unstructured":"P. Kogut and W. Holmes. 2001. AeroDAML: Applying information extraction to generate DAML annotations from web pages. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Knowledge Capture Workshop on Knowledge Markup and Semantic Annotation (K-CAP \u201901)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2994509.2994535"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI \u201919)","author":"Ku\u017eelka Ond\u0159ej","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ond\u0159ej Ku\u017eelka and Jesse Davis. 2019. Markov logic networks for knowledge base completion: A theoretical analysis under the MCAR assumption. In Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI \u201919)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-010-5205-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chuan Lei Rana Alotaibi Abdul Quamar Vasilis Efthymiou and Fatma \u00d6zcan. 2020. Property graph schema optimization for domain-specific knowledge graphs. arXiv:2003.11580.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE51399.2021.00085"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-020-0350-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSC50466.2020.00055"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-55753-3_11"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","first-page":"454","article-title":"Reviews on knowledge graph research","volume":"40","author":"Li Juanzi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Juanzi Li and Lei Hou. 2017. Reviews on knowledge graph research. Jounral of Shanxi University (Nat.Sci.Ed.) 40, 3 (2017), 454\u2013459.","journal-title":"Jounral of Shanxi University (Nat.Sci.Ed.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiaoya Li Jingrong Feng Yuxian Meng Qinghong Han Fei Wu and Jiwei Li. 2020. A unified MRC framework for named entity recognition. 5849\u20135859. arXiv:1910.11476. Retrieved from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.519","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.519"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ying Li Vitalii Zakhozhyi Daniel Zhu and Luis J. Salazar. 2020. Domain specific knowledge graphs as a service to the public. In Proceedings of the Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining 2793\u20132801. DOI: 10.1145\/3394486.3403330","DOI":"10.1145\/3394486.3403330"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_2","unstructured":"Yankai Lin Xu Han Ruobing Xie Zhiyuan Liu and Maosong Sun. 2018. Knowledge representation learning: A quantitative review."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_88_2","unstructured":"Chang Liu Chen Gao Depeng Jin and Yong Li. 2021. Improving location recommendation with urban knowledge graph. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2111.01013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2021.3098612"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1656\/1\/012015"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_91_2","first-page":"582","article-title":"Knowledge graph construction techniques","volume":"53","author":"Liu Qiao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qiao Liu, Yang Li, Hong Duan, Yao Liu, and Zhiguang Qin. 2016. Knowledge graph construction techniques. Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan\/Computer Research and Development 53, 3 (2016), 582\u2013600.","journal-title":"Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan\/Computer Research and Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_92_2","first-page":"582","article-title":"Knowledge graph construction techniques","volume":"53","author":"Liu Qiao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qiao Liu, Yang Li, Hong Duan, Yao Liu, and Zhiguang Qin. 2016. Knowledge graph construction techniques. Jounrnal of Computer Research and Development 53, 3 (2016), 582\u2013600.","journal-title":"Jounrnal of Computer Research and Development"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i03.5681"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3207677.3278062"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3588577"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3557990.3567586"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3589132.3625640"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447271"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_99_2","first-page":"247","article-title":"Research representation learning: A review","volume":"53","author":"Liu Zhiyuan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun, Yankai Lin, and Ruobing Xie. 2016. Research representation learning: A review. Journal of Computer Research and Development 53, 2 (2016), 247\u2013261.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Research and Development"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3269206.3269229"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3534678.3539281"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2995074"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/569\/5\/052058"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_104_2","unstructured":"Yunpu Ma Volker Tresp and Erik A. Daxberger. 2018. Embedding models for episodic knowledge graphs. arXiv:1807.00228v2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-180333"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"1st International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR \u201913) - Workshop Track Proceedings","author":"Mikolov Tomas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tomas Mikolov, Kai Chen, Greg Corrado, and Jeffrey Dean. 2013. Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. In 1st International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR \u201913) - Workshop Track Proceedings, 1\u201312."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3183713.3196926"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_108_2","first-page":"40","article-title":"Revolutionizing smart cities through transfer learning: A comprehensive review","volume":"2","author":"Muneer Salman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salman Muneer, Asma Akhtar, and Habib U. Qamar. 2023. Revolutionizing smart cities through transfer learning: A comprehensive review. International Journal of Computational and Innovative Sciences 2, 1 (Mar. 2023), 40\u201344. Retrieved from https:\/\/ijcis.com\/index.php\/IJCIS\/article\/view\/60 Number: 1.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computational and Innovative Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3091478.3162384"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_110_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Compositional vector space models for knowledge base inference","author":"Neelakantan Arvind","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arvind Neelakantan, Benjamin Roth, and Andrew McCallum. 2015. Compositional vector space models for knowledge base inference. In Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium - Technical Report, 31\u201334.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium - Technical Report"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2479787.2479830"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2020.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hien T. Nguyen and Thuan Q. Nguyen. 2018. A Short Review on Deep Learning for Entity Recognition. Technical Report. 261\u2013272 pages. DOI: 10.1007\/978-3-030-03192-3_20","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-03192-3_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2015.2483592"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.10314"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_116_2","first-page":"809","volume-title":"In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Nickel Maximilian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maximilian Nickel, Volker Tresp, and Hans P. Kriegel. 2011. A three-way model for collective learning on multi-relational data. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML \u201911), 809\u2013816."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_117_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Niklaus Christina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Christina Niklaus, Matthias Cetto, Andr\u00e9 Freitas, and Siegfried Handschuh. 2018. A survey on open information extraction. In Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_118_2","unstructured":"Yansong Ning Hao Liu Hao Wang Zhenyu Zeng and Hui Xiong. 2023. UUKG: Unified urban knowledge graph dataset for urban spatiotemporal prediction. arXiv:2306.11443 [cs]. Retrieved from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2306.11443"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2918327"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_120_2","unstructured":"Daniel Obraczka Jonathan Schuchart and Erhard Rahm. 2021. EAGER: Embedding-assisted entity resolution for knowledge graphs."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-75018-3_29"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3449816"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_123_2","first-page":"31:1","article-title":"Blocking and filtering techniques for entity resolution: A survey","volume":"53","author":"Papadakis George","year":"2020","unstructured":"George Papadakis, Dimitrios Skoutas, Emmanouil Thanos, and Themis Palpanas. 2020. Blocking and filtering techniques for entity resolution: A survey. Computing Surveys 53, 2 (2020), 31:1\u201331:42.","journal-title":"Computing Surveys"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-160218"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394486.3403268"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2019\/448"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2623330.2623732"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2015.7363924"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adapen.2022.100084"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-7126-6_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_131_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM \u201915)","author":"Psyllidis Achilleas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Achilleas Psyllidis. 2015. Ontology-based data integration from heterogeneous urban systems: A knowledge representation framework for smart cities. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM \u201915)."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_132_2","first-page":"582","article-title":"Knowledge graph construction techniques","volume":"53","author":"Qiao Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu Qiao, Li Yang, Duan Hong, Liu Yao, and Qin Zhiguang. 2016. Knowledge graph construction techniques. Journal of Computer Research and Development 53, 3 (2016), 582\u2013600.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Research and Development"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2881422"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5815\/ijitcs.2016.02.02"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2017.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1066677.1067049"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3396956.3398263"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3340531.3412065"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49461-2_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1301-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"E. W. Schneider. 1973. Course modularization applied: The interface system and its implications for sequence control and data analysis.: (436252004-001). (1973). DOI: 10.1037\/e436252004-001","DOI":"10.1037\/e436252004-001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-sen.2016.0189"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113764"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-019-1182-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/e17-1119"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_147_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reasoning with neural tensor networks for knowledge base completion","author":"Socher Richard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Richard Socher, Danqi Chen, Christopher D. Manning, and Andrew Y. Ng. 2013. Reasoning with neural tensor networks for knowledge base completion. In Proceedings of the Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i01.5354"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3407790.3407828"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_150_2","first-page":"1821","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 22","author":"Sutskever Ilya","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ilya Sutskever, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Joshua B. Tenenbaum. 2009. Modelling relational data using Bayesian clustered tensor factorization. In Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 22, 1821\u20131828."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13063191"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2736277.2741093"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData50022.2020.9378107"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30796-7_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSDIS.2015.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-11609-4_37"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2629489"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3494993"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3494993"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2018.2880015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2017.2754499"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i1.10488"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEI.2018.00058"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_1_164_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Domain-specific event graph construction methods: A review","volume":"4","author":"Wang Yi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yi Wang, Zhe Shen, Yifan Yao, and Ying Cheng. 2020. Domain-specific event graph construction methods: A review. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery 4, 10 (2020), 1\u201313.","journal-title":"Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3583780.3615105"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3448734.3450790"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939830"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3677019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3318464.3389743"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1963192.1963269"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2019\/733"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPA\/IUCC.2017.00111"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/p19-1138"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/d17-1060"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_176_2","first-page":"3156","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL \u201919)","author":"Xu Kun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kun Xu, Liwei Wang, Mo Yu, Yansong Feng, Yan Song, Zhiguo Wang, and Dong Yu. 2020. Cross-lingual knowledge graph alignment via graph matching neural network. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL \u201919), 3156\u20133161."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_177_2","first-page":"589","article-title":"Review on knowledge graph techniques","volume":"45","author":"Xu Zenglin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zenglin Xu, Yongpan Sheng, Lirong He, and Yafang Wang. 2016. Review on knowledge graph techniques. Journal of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 45, 4 (2016), 589\u2013606.","journal-title":"Journal of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2016\/v9i16\/88524"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_179_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR \u201915)","author":"Yang Bishan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bishan Yang, Wen tau Yih, Xiaodong He, Jianfeng Gao, and Li Deng. 2015. Embedding entities and relations for learning and inference in knowledge bases. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR \u201915), 1\u201312."},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_1_180_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"domain-specific event graph construction methods:A review","volume":"4","author":"Yi Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Yi, Shen Zhe, Yao Yifan, and Chen Ying. 2020. domain-specific event graph construction methods:A review. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery 4, 10 (2020), 1\u201313.","journal-title":"Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_181_2","first-page":"286","article-title":"Knowledge fusion methods: A survey","author":"YU Xue-lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xue-lu YU and Lin QIAO. 2017. Knowledge fusion methods: A survey. In Proceedings of the DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering, 286\u2013290.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_182_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13328\/j.cnki.jos.005552"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11959\/j.issn.2096-0271.2020017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aiopen.2021.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3901\/JME.2021.05.090"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_186_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBDATA.2018.2850013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qi Zhang Zhenliang Ma Pengfei Zhang and Erik Jenelius. 2023b. Mobility knowledge graph: Review and its application in public transport. Transportation (Dec. 2023). DOI: 10.1007\/s11116-023-10451-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11116-023-10451-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3580305.3599801"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_189_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECTT.2019.00031"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_190_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSC50466.2020.00052"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e23050602"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2019\/269"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_193_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1487\/1\/012016"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3672615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3672615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:57:37Z","timestamp":1750298257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3672615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"references-count":192,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3672615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3672615","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-4681","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-472X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}