{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T08:10:50Z","timestamp":1775808650954,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":177,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Hum.-Robot Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Trust is crucial for technological acceptance, continued usage, and teamwork. However, human-robot trust, and human-machine trust more generally, suffer from terminological disagreement and construct proliferation. By comparing, mapping, and analyzing well-constructed trust survey instruments, this work uncovers a consensus structure of trust in human\u2013machine interaction. To do so, we identify the most frequently cited and best-validated human-machine and human-robot trust questionnaires as well as the best-established factors that form the dimensions and antecedents of such trust. To reduce both confusion and construct proliferation, we provide a detailed mapping of terminology between questionnaires. Furthermore, we perform a meta-analysis of the regression models which emerged from the experiments that employed multi-factorial survey instruments. Based on this meta-analysis, we provide the most complete, experimentally validated model of human-machine and human-robot trust to date. This convergent model establishes an integrated framework for future research. It determines the current boundaries of trust measurement and where further investigation and validation are necessary. We close by discussing how to choose an appropriate trust survey instrument and how to design for trust. By identifying the internal workings of trust, a more complete basis for measuring trust is developed that is widely applicable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3677614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T10:23:12Z","timestamp":1720866192000},"page":"1-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Converging Measures and an Emergent Model: A Meta-Analysis of Human-Machine Trust Questionnaires"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1630-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosef S.","family":"Razin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0281-7634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen M.","family":"Feigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"447","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"49","author":"Adams Julie A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Julie A. Adams. 2005. Human-robot interaction design: Understanding user needs and requirements. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, 3 (2005), 447\u2013451."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819472-0.00007-1","volume-title":"Trust in Human-Robot Interaction","author":"Alarcon Gene M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gene M. Alarcon, August Capiola, and Marc D. Pfahler. 2021. The role of human personality on trust in human-robot interaction. In Trust in Human-Robot Interaction. Chang S. Nam and Joseph B. Lyons (Eds.), Elsevier, Cambridge, 159\u2013178."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Development of the trust in physician scale: A measure to assess interpersonal trust in patient-physician relationships","volume":"67","author":"Anderson Lynda A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lynda A. Anderson and Robert F. Dedrick. 1990. Development of the trust in physician scale: A measure to assess interpersonal trust in patient-physician relationships. Psychological Reports 67, 3_suppl (1990), 1091\u20131100.","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/1463922X.2022.2061080","article-title":"The role of shared mental models in human-AI teams: A theoretical review","volume":"24","author":"Andrews Robert W.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Robert W. Andrews, J. Mason Lilly, Divya Srivastava, and Karen M. Feigh. 2023. The role of shared mental models in human-AI teams: A theoretical review. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 24, 2 (2023), 129\u2013175.","journal-title":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.08.028"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1177\/00131640021970592","article-title":"Effects of stem and Likert response option reversals on survey internal consistency: If you feel the need, there is a better alternative to using those negatively worded stems","volume":"60","author":"Barnette J. Jackson","year":"2000","unstructured":"J. Jackson Barnette. 2000. Effects of stem and Likert response option reversals on survey internal consistency: If you feel the need, there is a better alternative to using those negatively worded stems. Educational and Psychological Measurement 60, 3 (2000), 361\u2013370.","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jet.2008.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-RobotInteraction (HRI \u201924)","author":"Bhat Shreyas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shreyas Bhat, Joseph B. Lyons, Cong Shi, and X. Jessie Yang. 2024. Evaluating the Impact of Personalized Value Alignment in Human-Robot Interaction: Insights into trust and team performance outcomes. In Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-RobotInteraction (HRI \u201924). Boulder, 32\u201341."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2002.11045715","article-title":"Individual trust in online firms: Scale development and initial test","volume":"19","author":"Bhattacherjee Anol","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anol Bhattacherjee. 2002. Individual trust in online firms: Scale development and initial test. Journal of management Information Systems 19, 1 (2002), 211\u2013241.","journal-title":"Journal of management Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6094-3_15","volume-title":"Handbook of Causal Analysis for Social Research","author":"Bollen Kenneth A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kenneth A. Bollen and Judea Pearl. 2013. Eight myths about causality and structural equation models. In Handbook of Causal Analysis for Social Research. Stephen L. Morgan (Ed.), Springer, New York, 301\u2013328."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/3250956","article-title":"Validation in information systems research: A state-of-the-art assessment","volume":"25","author":"Boudreau Marie-Claude","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marie-Claude Boudreau, David Gefen, and Detmar W. Straub. 2001. Validation in information systems research: A state-of-the-art assessment. MIS Quarterly 25, 1 (2001), 1\u201316.","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"1595","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"63","author":"Brzowski Matthew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matthew Brzowski and Dan Nathan-Roberts. 2019. Trust measurement in human\u2013automation interaction: A systematic review. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, 1 (2019), 1595\u20131599."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407594113011","article-title":"Measuring friendship quality during pre-and early adolescence: The development and psychometric properties of the Friendship Qualities Scale","volume":"11","author":"Bukowski William M","year":"1994","unstructured":"William M Bukowski, Betsy Hoza, and Michel Boivin. 1994. Measuring friendship quality during pre-and early adolescence: The development and psychometric properties of the Friendship Qualities Scale. Journal of social and Personal Relationships 11, 3 (1994), 471\u2013484.","journal-title":"Journal of social and Personal Relationships"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470519851","volume-title":"Trust Theory: A Socio-Cognitive and Computational ModelJ","author":"Castelfranchi Christiano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christiano Castelfranchi and Rino Falcone. 2010. Trust Theory: A Socio-Cognitive and Computational Model. J. Wiley & Sons, West Sussex."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07476-4_17","volume-title":"Trends in Practical Applications of Heterogeneous Multi-agent System","author":"Cherif Emna","year":"2014","unstructured":"Emna Cherif and Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Lemoine. 2014. The impact of recommendation agents\u2019 type of voice on perceived social presence, trust and users intentions on an insurance website. Trends in Practical Applications of Heterogeneous Multi-agent System. Javier Bajo Perez, Juan M. Corchado Rodr\u00edguez, Philippe Mathieu, Andrew Ortega Campbell, Alfonso, Emmanuel Adam, Elena M. Navarro, Sebastian Ahrndt, Mar\u00eda Moreno, and Vicente Juli\u00e1n (Eds.), 139\u2013148."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106700"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"859","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","volume":"58","author":"Chien ShihYi","year":"2014","unstructured":"ShihYi Chien, Michael Lewis, Zhaleh Semnani-Azad, and Katia Sycara. 2014. An empirical model of cultural factors on trust in automation. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 58, 1 (2014), 859\u2013863."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1145\/3434073.3444677","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","author":"Chita-Tegmark Meia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meia Chita-Tegmark, Theresa Law, Nicholas Rabb, and Matthias Scheutz. 2021. Can You Trust Your Trust Measure?. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. ACM, New York, 92\u2013100."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"Paul Christiano. 2018. Clarifying \u201cAI Alignment\u201d. Retrieved April 10 2024 from https:\/\/ai-alignment.com\/clarifying-ai-alignment-cec47cd69dd6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"53","volume-title":"A Trust-Based Argument Against Paternalism","author":"Clarke Simon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Simon Clarke. 2013. A Trust-Based Argument Against Paternalism. Brill, Chapter 4, 53\u201375."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2012.04.012"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2005.03.003","article-title":"Assessing the effects of building social intelligence in a robotic interface for the home","volume":"17","author":"Ruyter Boris De","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boris De Ruyter, Privender Saini, Panos Markopoulos, and Albert Van Breemen. 2005. Assessing the effects of building social intelligence in a robotic interface for the home. Interacting with Computers 17, 5 (2005), 522\u2013541.","journal-title":"Interacting with Computers"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012217300047880","article-title":"The rationality of emotions","volume":"18","author":"Sousa Ronald De","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ronald De Sousa. 1979. The rationality of emotions. Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review\/Revue Canadienne de Philosophie 18, 1 (1979), 41\u201363.","journal-title":"Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review\/Revue Canadienne de Philosophie"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"331","article-title":"Almost human: Anthropomorphism increases trust resilience in cognitive agents","volume":"22","author":"Visser Ewart de","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ewart de Visser, Samuel Monfort, Ryan Mckendrick, Melissa A. B. Smith, Patrick Mcknight, Frank Krueger, and Raja Parasuraman. 2016. Almost human: Anthropomorphism increases trust resilience in cognitive agents. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 22 (August 2016), 331.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555343411410160"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720816687205","article-title":"A little anthropomorphism goes a long way: Effects of oxytocin on trust, compliance, and team performance with automated agents","volume":"59","author":"Visser Ewart J. De","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ewart J. De Visser, Samuel S. Monfort, Kimberly Goodyear, Li Lu, Martin O\u2019Hara, Mary R. Lee, Raja Parasuraman, and Frank Krueger. 2017. A little anthropomorphism goes a long way: Effects of oxytocin on trust, compliance, and team performance with automated agents. Human Factors 59, 1 (2017), 116\u2013133.","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5898\/JHRI.6.3.Deligianis"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2307\/20721433","article-title":"What does the brain tell us about trust and distrust? Evidence from a functional neuroimaging study","volume":"34","author":"Dimoka Angelika","year":"2010","unstructured":"Angelika Dimoka. 2010. What does the brain tell us about trust and distrust? Evidence from a functional neuroimaging study. Mis Quarterly 34, 2 (2010), 373\u2013396.","journal-title":"Mis Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036673","article-title":"Trust at zero acquaintance: More a matter of respect than expectation of reward","volume":"107","author":"Dunning David","year":"2014","unstructured":"David Dunning, Joanna E. Anderson, Thomas Schl\u00f6sser, Daniel Ehlebracht, and Detlef Fetchenhauer. 2014. Trust at zero acquaintance: More a matter of respect than expectation of reward. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 107, 1 (2014), 122.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2017.2776209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10726-012-9339-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.114.4.864"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-018-0512-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2009.00591.x","article-title":"Measuring people\u2019s trust","volume":"172","author":"Ermisch John","year":"2009","unstructured":"John Ermisch, Diego Gambetta, Heather Laurie, Thomas Siedler, and S. C. Noah Uhrig. 2009. Measuring people\u2019s trust. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 172, 4 (2009), 749\u2013769.","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society)"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1177\/0010414005281933","article-title":"Performance still matters: Explaining trust in government in the Dominican Republic","volume":"39","author":"Espinal Rosario","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rosario Espinal, Jonathan Hartlyn, and Jana Morgan Kelly. 2006. Performance still matters: Explaining trust in government in the Dominican Republic. Comparative Political Studies 39, 2 (2006), 200\u2013223.","journal-title":"Comparative Political Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18296\/em.0054","article-title":"Survey fatigue and the tragedy of the commons: Are we undermining our evaluation practice","volume":"6","author":"Field Adrian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adrian Field. 2020. Survey fatigue and the tragedy of the commons: Are we undermining our evaluation practice. Evaluation Matters\u2014He Take T\u014d Te Aromatawai 6 (2020), 1\u201311.","journal-title":"Evaluation Matters\u2014He Take T\u014d Te Aromatawai"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245920951747"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soscij.2015.12.002","article-title":"Personality traits and the propensity to trust friends and strangers","volume":"53","author":"Freitag Markus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Markus Freitag and Paul C. Bauer. 2016. Personality traits and the propensity to trust friends and strangers. The Social Science Journal 53, 4 (2016), 467\u2013476.","journal-title":"The Social Science Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","volume-title":"ICIS 2019 Proceedings","volume":"20","author":"Freude Henrik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Henrik Freude, Oliver Heger, and Bjoern Niehaves. 2019. Unveiling emotions: Attitudes toward affective technology. In ICIS 2019 Proceedings, 20."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107415324.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","volume-title":"The Science of Trust: Emotional Attunement for Couples","author":"Gottman John M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"John M. Gottman. 2011. The Science of Trust: Emotional Attunement for Couples. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, London."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/papq.12377","article-title":"There are no irrational emotions","volume":"103","author":"Gubka Steven","year":"2022","unstructured":"Steven Gubka. 2022. There are no irrational emotions. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 103, 2 (2022), 293\u2013317.","journal-title":"Pacific Philosophical Quarterly"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1002\/cb.29","article-title":"Effects of consumer perceptions of brand experience on the web: Brand familiarity, satisfaction and brand trust","volume":"4","author":"Ha Hong-Youl","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hong-Youl Ha and Helen Perks. 2005. Effects of consumer perceptions of brand experience on the web: Brand familiarity, satisfaction and brand trust. Journal of Consumer Behaviour: An International Research Review 4, 6 (2005), 438\u2013452.","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Behaviour: An International Research Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-015-9160-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720811417254"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720820922080"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Advances in Psychology","author":"Hart Sandra G.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sandra G. Hart and Lowell E. Staveland. 1988. Development of NASA-TLX (task load index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. In Advances in Psychology. Vol. 52. Elsevier, North-Holland, 139\u2013183."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Affect in Social Thinking and Behavior","author":"Haselton Martie G.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martie G. Haselton and Timothy Ketelaar. 2006. Irrational emotions or emotional wisdom? The evolutionary psychology of affect and social behavior. In Affect in Social Thinking and Behavior. Joseph P. Forgas (Ed.), Psychology Press, 21\u201339."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Proc. of the 22nd Intl. Conf. on Intelligent User Interfaces","author":"H\u00e4uslschmid Renate","year":"2017","unstructured":"Renate H\u00e4uslschmid, Max von Buelow, Bastian Pfleging, and Andreas Butz. 2017. Supporting trust in autonomous driving. Proc. of the 22nd Intl. Conf. on Intelligent User Interfaces, 319\u2013329."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/nous.12000","article-title":"Trust, distrust and commitment","volume":"48","author":"Hawley Katherine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Katherine Hawley. 2014. Trust, distrust and commitment. No\u00fbs 48, 1 (2014), 1\u201320.","journal-title":"No\u00fbs"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI \u201911)","author":"Heerink Marcel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marcel Heerink. 2011. Exploring the influence of age, gender, education and computer experience on robot acceptance by older adults. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI \u201911), 147\u2013148. DOI: 10.1145\/1957656.1957704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","first-page":"528","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","author":"Heerink Marcel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marcel Heerink, Ben Kr\u00f6se, Vanessa Evers, and Bob Wielinga. 2009. Measuring acceptance of an assistive social robot: A suggested toolkit. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 528\u2013533. DOI: 10.1109\/ROMAN.2009.5326320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2019.1572353"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720814547570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2013.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiaming Ji Tianyi Qiu Boyuan Chen Borong Zhang Hantao Lou Kaile Wang Yawen Duan Zhonghao He Jiayi Zhou Zhaowei Zhang Fanzhi Zeng Kwan Yee Ng Juntao Dai Xuehai Pan Aidan O\u2019Gara Yingshan Lei Hua Xu Brian Tse Jie Fu Stephen McAleer Yaodong Yang Yizhou Wang Song-Chun Zhu Yike Guo and Wen Gao. 2023. AI alignment: A comprehensive survey. arXiv:2310.19852. Retrieved from 10.48550\/arXiv.2310.19852","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2310.19852"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327566IJCE0401_04","article-title":"Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems","volume":"4","author":"Jian Jiun-Yin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jiun-Yin Jian, Ann M. Bisantz, and Colin G. Drury. 2000. Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems. International Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics 4, 1 (2000), 53\u201371.","journal-title":"International Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(03)00140-1","article-title":"Cognitive and affective trust in service relationships","volume":"58","author":"Johnson Devon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Devon Johnson and Kent Grayson. 2005. Cognitive and affective trust in service relationships. Journal of Business Research 58, 4 (2005), 500\u2013507.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-42337-1","volume-title":"Subjective Logic","author":"J\u00f8sang Audun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Audun J\u00f8sang. 2016. Subjective Logic. Springer, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819472-0.00004-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","first-page":"3230","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","author":"Kidd Cory D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cory D. Kidd and Cynthia Breazeal. 2008. Robots at home: Understanding long-term human-robot interaction. In Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE, Nice, 3230\u20133235."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2020.103056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12658\/m0631"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604977","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.604977","article-title":"Measurement of trust in automation: A narrative review and reference guide","volume":"12","author":"Kohn Spencer C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spencer C. Kohn, Ewart J. De Visser, Eva Wiese, Yi-Ching Lee, and Tyler H. Shaw. 2021. Measurement of trust in automation: A narrative review and reference guide. Frontiers in Psychology 12 (2021), 604977.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/25148760"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTMKT.2014.063858","article-title":"Determinants of online trust and their impact on online purchase intention","volume":"59","author":"Kooli Kaouther","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaouther Kooli, Kaouther Ben Mansour, and Rizky Utama. 2014. Determinants of online trust and their impact on online purchase intention. International Journal of Technology Marketing 59, 3 (2014), 305\u2013319.","journal-title":"International Journal of Technology Marketing"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA \u201918)","author":"K\u00f6rber Moritz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moritz K\u00f6rber. 2018. Theoretical considerations and development of a questionnaire to measure trust in automation. In Proceedings of the 20th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA \u201918), 13\u201330."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3530874"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-014-0244-0","article-title":"Keep an eye on the task! How gender typicality of tasks influence human\u2013robot interactions","volume":"6","author":"Kuchenbrandt Dieta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dieta Kuchenbrandt, Markus H\u00e4ring, Jessica Eichberg, Friederike Eyssel, and Elisabeth Andr\u00e9. 2014. Keep an eye on the task! How gender typicality of tasks influence human\u2013robot interactions. International Journal of Social Robotics 6, 3 (2014), 417\u2013427.","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Robotics"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Trust in Human-Robot Interaction","author":"Law Theresa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Theresa Law and Matthias Scheutz. 2021. Trust: Recent concepts and evaluations in human-robot interaction. In Trust in Human-Robot Interaction. Chang S. Nam and Joseph B. Lyons (Eds.), Elsevier, Cambridge, 27\u201357."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1994.1007","article-title":"Trust, self-confidence, and operators\u2019 adaptation to automation","volume":"40","author":"Lee John D.","year":"1994","unstructured":"John D. Lee and Neville Moray. 1994. Trust, self-confidence, and operators\u2019 adaptation to automation. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 40 (1994), 153\u2013184.","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.46.1.50.30392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2014.0458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/AMR.2003.10196729"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.2307\/2578601","article-title":"Trust as a social reality","volume":"63","author":"Lewis J. David","year":"1985","unstructured":"J. David Lewis and Andrew Weigert. 1985. Trust as a social reality. Social Forces 63, 4 (1985), 967\u2013985.","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2008.01.001","article-title":"Why do we trust new technology? A study of initial trust formation with organizational information systems","volume":"17","author":"Li Xin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xin Li, Traci J. Hess, and Joseph S. Valacich. 2008. Why do we trust new technology? A study of initial trust formation with organizational information systems. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems 17, 1 (2008), 39\u201371.","journal-title":"The Journal of Strategic Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.12.205","article-title":"On building users\u2019 initial trust in autonomous vehicles","volume":"198","author":"Lokshina Izabella","year":"2022","unstructured":"Izabella Lokshina, Jaroslava Kniezova, and Cees Lanting. 2022. On building users\u2019 initial trust in autonomous vehicles. Procedia Computer Science 198 (2022), 7\u201314.","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","volume-title":"Trust and Power","author":"Luhmann Niklas","year":"1979","unstructured":"Niklas Luhmann. 1979. Trust and Power. John Wiley & Sons, Stuttgart."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1463922X.2018.1491071"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720811427034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/23044045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220500337708"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th Australasian conference on InformationSecurity and Privacy","volume":"53","author":"Madsen Maria","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maria Madsen and Shirley Gregor. 2000. Measuring human-computer trust. In Proceedings of the 11th Australasian conference on InformationSecurity and Privacy, Vol. 53, 6\u20138."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819472-0.00001-0","volume-title":"Trust in Human-Robot Interaction","author":"Malle Bertram F.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bertram F. Malle and Daniel Ullman. 2021. A multidimensional conception and measure of human-robot trust. In Trust in Human-Robot Interaction. Chang S. Nam and Joseph B. Lyons (Eds.), Elsevier, Cambridge, 3\u201325."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/aris.1440370111","article-title":"The role of trust in information science and technology","volume":"37","author":"Marsh Stephen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stephen Marsh and Mark R. Dibben. 2003. The role of trust in information science and technology. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) 37 (2003), 465\u201398.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST)"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2008.00384.x","article-title":"The content analysis of media frames: Toward improving reliability and validity","volume":"58","author":"Matthes J\u00f6rg","year":"2008","unstructured":"J\u00f6rg Matthes and Matthias Kohring. 2008. The content analysis of media frames: Toward improving reliability and validity. Journal of communication 58, 2 (2008), 258\u2013279.","journal-title":"Journal of communication"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.84.1.123","article-title":"The effect of the performance appraisal system on trust for management: A field quasi-experiment","volume":"84","author":"Mayer Roger C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Roger C. Mayer and James H. Davis. 1999. The effect of the performance appraisal system on trust for management: A field quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology 84, 1 (1999), 123\u2013136.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.2307\/258792","article-title":"An integrative model of organizational trust","volume":"20","author":"Mayer Roger C.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Roger C. Mayer, James H. Davis, and David F. Schoorman. 1995. An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review 20, 3 (1995), 709\u2013734.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000151","article-title":"An evaluation of shared mental models and mutual trust on general medical units: Implications for collaboration, teamwork, and patient safety","volume":"13","author":"McComb Sara A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sara A. McComb, Matthew Lemaster, Elizabeth A. Henneman, and Kevin T. Hinchey. 2017. An evaluation of shared mental models and mutual trust on general medical units: Implications for collaboration, teamwork, and patient safety. Journal of Patient Safety 13, 4 (2017), 237\u2013242.","journal-title":"Journal of Patient Safety"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/21515581.2011.552424","article-title":"Measuring trust in organisational research: Review and recommendations","volume":"1","author":"McEvily Bill","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bill McEvily and Marco Tortoriello. 2011. Measuring trust in organisational research: Review and recommendations. Journal of Trust Research 1, 1 (2011), 23\u201363.","journal-title":"Journal of Trust Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Trust in technology: Development of a set of constructs and measures","author":"McKnight D. Harrison","year":"2009","unstructured":"D. Harrison McKnight, Michelle Carter, and Paul Clay. 2009. Trust in technology: Development of a set of constructs and measures. Diffusion Interests Group in Information Technology 10.","journal-title":"Diffusion Interests Group in Information Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1985347.1985353","article-title":"Trust in a specific technology: An investigation of its components and measures","volume":"2","author":"McKnight D. Harrison","year":"2011","unstructured":"D. Harrison McKnight, Michelle Carter, Jason Bennett Thatcher, and Paul F. Clay. 2011. Trust in a specific technology: An investigation of its components and measures. ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS) 2, 2 (2011), 1\u201325.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_2","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems","author":"McKnight D. Harrison","year":"2001","unstructured":"D. Harrison McKnight and Norman Chervany. 2001. While trust is cool and collected, distrust is fiery and frenzied: A model of distrust concepts. In Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems, 171."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.2001.11044235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_2","first-page":"482","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electronic Commerce: The New e-Commerce: Innovations for Conquering Current Barriers, Obstacles and Limitations to Conducting Successful Business on the Internet (ICEC \u201906)","author":"McKnight D. Harrison","year":"2006","unstructured":"D. Harrison McKnight and Vivek Choudhury. 2006. Distrust and trust in B2C E-commerce: Do they differ?. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electronic Commerce: The New e-Commerce: Innovations for Conquering Current Barriers, Obstacles and Limitations to Conducting Successful Business on the Internet (ICEC \u201906). ACM, New York, NY, 482\u2013491. DOI: 10.1145\/1151454.1151527"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_2","unstructured":"Steven L. McShane and Mary Ann von Glinow. 2014. Propensity to Trust Scale\/How Trusting are You? Retrieved from https:\/\/highered.mheducation.com\/sites\/1259271307\/student_view0\/self-assessment\/how_trusting_are_you_.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720811411912"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00225","article-title":"Automation-induced complacency potential: Development and validation of a new scale","volume":"10","author":"Merritt Stephanie M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stephanie M. Merritt, Alicia Ako-Brew, William J. Bryant, Amy Staley, Michael McKenna, Austin Leone, and Lei Shirase. 2019. Automation-induced complacency potential: Development and validation of a new scale. Frontiers in Psychology 10 (2019), 225.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872008X288574"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720815581247","article-title":"Measuring individual differences in the perfect automation schema","volume":"57","author":"Merritt Stephanie M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stephanie M. Merritt, Jennifer L Unnerstall, Deborah Lee, and Kelli Huber. 2015. Measuring individual differences in the perfect automation schema. Human Factors 57, 5 (2015), 740\u2013753.","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shervin Minaee Tomas Mikolov Narjes Nikzad Meysam Chenaghlu Richard Socher Xavier Amatriain and Jianfeng Gao. 2024. Large language models: A survey. arXiv:2402.06196. Retrieved from 10.48550\/arXiv.2402.06196","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2402.06196"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_110_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A multidisciplinary survey and framework for design and evaluation of explainable AI systems","volume":"11","author":"Mohseni Sina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sina Mohseni, Niloofar Zarei, and Eric D. Ragan. 2021. A multidisciplinary survey and framework for design and evaluation of explainable AI systems. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS) 11, 3\u20134 (2021), 1\u201345.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299305700106","article-title":"Factors affecting trust in market research relationships","volume":"57","author":"Moorman Christine","year":"1993","unstructured":"Christine Moorman, Rohit Deshpande, and Gerald Zaltman. 1993. Factors affecting trust in market research relationships. Journal of Marketing 57, 1 (1993), 81\u2013101.","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9438","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2933601","article-title":"Building Trust in Autonomous Vehicles: role of virtual reality driving simulators in HMI design","volume":"68","author":"Morra Lia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lia Morra, Fabrizio Lamberti, F. Gabriele Prattic\u00f3, Salvatore La Rosa, and Paolo Montuschi. 2019. Building Trust in Autonomous Vehicles: role of virtual reality driving simulators in HMI design. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 68, 10 (2019), 9438\u20139450.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139608964474","article-title":"Trust in automation. Part II. Experimental studies of trust and human intervention in a process control simulation","volume":"39","author":"Muir Bonnie M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bonnie M. Muir and Neville Moray. 1996. Trust in automation. Part II. Experimental studies of trust and human intervention in a process control simulation. Ergonomics 39, 3 (1996), 429\u2013460.","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-018-1950-z"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_115_2","first-page":"1093","article-title":"Are people polite to computers? Responses to computer-based interviewing systems 1","volume":"29","author":"Nass Clifford","year":"1999","unstructured":"Clifford Nass, Youngme Moon, and Paul Carney. 1999. Are people polite to computers? Responses to computer-based interviewing systems 1. Journal of Applied SocialPsychology 29, 5 (1999), 1093\u20131109.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied SocialPsychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_116_2","first-page":"137","article-title":"Computers are social actors: A review of current","volume":"72","author":"Nass Clifford I.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Clifford I. Nass, Youngme Moon, and John Morkes. 1997. Computers are social actors: A review of current. Human Values and the Design of Computer Technology 72 (1997), 137.","journal-title":"Human Values and the Design of Computer Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_117_2","first-page":"201","volume-title":"In Proceedings of the 7th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI \u201912)","author":"Nie Jiaqi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jiaqi Nie, Michelle Pak, Angie Lorena Marin, and S. Shyam Sundar. 2012. Can you hold my hand?: Physical warmth in human-robot interaction. In Proceedings of the 7th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI \u201912), 201\u2013202. DOI: 10.1145\/2157689.2157755"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2007.914004","article-title":"Prediction of human behavior in human\u2013robot interaction using psychological scales for anxiety and negative attitudes toward robots","volume":"24","author":"Nomura Tatsuya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tatsuya Nomura, Takayuki Kanda, Tomohiro Suzuki, and Kensuke Kato. 2008. Prediction of human behavior in human\u2013robot interaction using psychological scales for anxiety and negative attitudes toward robots. IEEE Transactions on Robotics 24, 2 (2008), 442\u2013451.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1075\/is.7.3.14nom","article-title":"Measurement of negative attitudes toward robots","volume":"7","author":"Nomura Tatsuya","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tatsuya Nomura, Tomohiro Suzuki, Takayuki Kanda, and Kensuke Kato. 2006. Measurement of negative attitudes toward robots. Interaction Studies 7, 3 (2006), 437\u2013454.","journal-title":"Interaction Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6963(98)00020-5","article-title":"The empirical assessment of construct validity","volume":"16","author":"O\u2019Leary-Kelly Scott W.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Scott W. O\u2019Leary-Kelly and Robert J. Vokurka. 1998. The empirical assessment of construct validity. Journal of Operations Management 16, 4 (1998), 387\u2013405.","journal-title":"Journal of Operations Management"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_3_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2012.691554","article-title":"Decision support aids with anthropomorphic characteristics influence trust and performance in younger and older adults","volume":"55","author":"Pak Richard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Richard Pak, Nicole Fink, Margaux Price, Brock Bass, and Lindsay Sturre. 2012. Decision support aids with anthropomorphic characteristics influence trust and performance in younger and older adults. Ergonomics 55, 9 (2012), 1059\u20131072.","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2020.102888","article-title":"Multifaceted trust in tourism service robots","volume":"81","author":"Park Sangwon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sangwon Park. 2020. Multifaceted trust in tourism service robots. Annals of Tourism Research 81 (2020), 102888.","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206308316063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_124_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The influence of risk on driver trust in autonomous driving systems","author":"Petersen Luke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luke Petersen, X. Jessie Yang, Ann Arbor, and Lionel P. Robert Jr. 2018. The influence of risk on driver trust in autonomous driving systems. In Proceedings of the NDIA Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium, 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the NDIA Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.11.2.155","article-title":"Emotion and rationality: A critical review and interpretation of empirical evidence","volume":"11","author":"Pham Michel Tuan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Michel Tuan Pham. 2007. Emotion and rationality: A critical review and interpretation of empirical evidence. Review of General Psychology 11, 2 (2007), 155\u2013178.","journal-title":"Review of General Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198866282.001.0001","volume-title":"Neurocognitive Mechanisms: Explaining Biological Cognition","author":"Piccinini Gualtiero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gualtiero Piccinini. 2020. Neurocognitive Mechanisms: Explaining Biological Cognition. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1145\/1228716.1228736","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE Conference on Human-Robot Interaction - Robot as Team Member (HRI \u201907)","author":"Powers Aaron","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aaron Powers, Sara Kiesler, Susan Fussell, and Cristen Torrey. 2007. Comparing a computer agent with a humanoid robot. In Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE Conference on Human-Robot Interaction - Robot as Team Member (HRI \u201907), 145\u2013152. DOI: 10.1145\/1228716.1228736"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2007.09.002","article-title":"The role of intervening variables in driver\u2013ACC cooperation","volume":"66","author":"Rajaonah Bako","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bako Rajaonah, Nicolas Tricot, Fran\u00e7oise Anceaux, and Patrick Millot. 2008. The role of intervening variables in driver\u2013ACC cooperation. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 66, 3 (2008), 185\u2013197.","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2008.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_130_2","first-page":"1348","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE SmartWorld: Advanced Trusted Computing","author":"Razin Yosef S.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yosef S. Razin and Karen M. Feigh. 2019. Toward Interactional Trust for Humans and Automation: Extending Interdependence. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE SmartWorld: Advanced Trusted Computing. IEEE, Leicester, 1348\u20131355."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_131_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS \u201920)","author":"Razin Yosef S.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yosef S. Razin and Karen M. Feigh. 2020. Hitting the road: Exploring human-robot trust for self-driving vehicles. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS \u201920). IEEE, Rome, 1\u20136. DOI: 10.1109\/ICHMS49158.2020.9209525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/pjbr-2021-0031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_133_2","first-page":"643","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"65","author":"Razin Yosef S.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yosef S. Razin, Jack Gale, Jiaojiao Fan, Jaznae\u2019 Smith, and Karen M. Feigh. 2021. Watch for failing objects: What inappropriate compliance reveals about shared mental models in autonomous cars. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, 1 (2021), 643\u2013647. DOI: 10.1177\/1071181321651081"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.49.1.95","article-title":"Trust in close relationships scale","volume":"49","author":"Rempel J. K.","year":"1985","unstructured":"J. K. Rempel, J. G. Holmes, and M. P. Zanna. 1985. Trust in close relationships scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49, 1 (1985), 95\u2013112.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_135_2","first-page":"3885","article-title":"Moderators of trust and reliance across multiple decision aids","volume":"69","author":"Ross Jennifer Marie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jennifer Marie Ross. 2008. Moderators of trust and reliance across multiple decision aids. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 69, 6-B (2008), 3885.","journal-title":"Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1967.tb01454.x","article-title":"A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust","volume":"35","author":"Rotter J. B.","year":"1967","unstructured":"J. B. Rotter. 1967. A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust. Journal of Personality 35, 4 (1967), 651\u2013655.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1998.926617","article-title":"Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust","volume":"23","author":"Rousseau Denise M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Denise M. Rousseau, Sim B. Sitkin, Ronald S. Burt, and Colin Camerer. 1998. Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. Academy of Management Review 23, 3 (1998), 393\u2013404.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_138_2","first-page":"1433","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","volume":"60","author":"Rupp Michael A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Michael A. Rupp, Jessica R. Michaelis, Daniel S. McConnell, and Janan A. Smither. 2016. The impact of technological trust and self-determined motivation on intentions to use wearable fitness technology. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 60, 1 (2016), 1433\u20131437. DOI: 10.1177\/1541931213601329"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_140_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"6","author":"Schelble Beau G.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Beau G. Schelble, Christopher Flathmann, Nathan J. McNeese, Guo Freeman, and Rohit Mallick. 2022. Let\u2019s think together! Assessing shared mental models, performance, and trust in human-agent teams. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, GROUP (2022), 1\u201329."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2007.24348410"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1177\/001316448104100420","article-title":"Controlling acquiescence response bias by item reversals: The effect on questionnaire validity","volume":"41","author":"Schriesheim Chester A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Chester A. Schriesheim and Kenneth D. Hill. 1981. Controlling acquiescence response bias by item reversals: The effect on questionnaire validity. Educational and Psychological Measurement 41, 4 (1981), 1101\u20131114.","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-005-0118-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2017.02.003","article-title":"Using agent transparency to support situation awareness of the Autonomous Squad Member","volume":"46","author":"Selkowitz Anthony R.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anthony R. Selkowitz, Shan G. Lakhmani, and Jessie Y. C. Chen. 2017. Using agent transparency to support situation awareness of the Autonomous Squad Member. Cognitive Systems Research 46 (2017), 13\u201325.","journal-title":"Cognitive Systems Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103315"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_146_2","unstructured":"Tianhao Shen Renren Jin Yufei Huang Chuang Liu Weilong Dong Zishan Guo Xinwei Wu Yan Liu and Deyi Xiong. 2023. Large language model alignment: A survey. arXiv:2309.15025. Retrieved from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2309.1502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0302_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2013.766336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_151_2","volume-title":"General Social Surveys, 1972\u20132018: Cumulative Codebook","author":"Smith Tom W.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tom W. Smith, Michael Davern, Jeremy Freese, and Stephen L. Morgan. 2019. General Social Surveys, 1972\u20132018: Cumulative Codebook. NORC, Chicago."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_152_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 33rd InternationalConference on Information Systems","volume":"127","author":"S\u00f6llner Matthias","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matthias S\u00f6llner, Axel Hoffmann, and Jan Marco Leimeister. 2012. Understanding the formation of trust in IT. In Proceedings of the 33rd InternationalConference on Information Systems, Vol. 127, 1\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_153_2","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS \u201916)","author":"S\u00f6llner Matthias","year":"2016","unstructured":"Matthias S\u00f6llner and Paul A. Pavlou. 2016. A longitudinal perspective on trust in IT artefacts. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS \u201916), 52."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_154_2","first-page":"11412","volume-title":"Academy of Management Proceedings","volume":"1","author":"S\u00f6llner Matthias","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matthias S\u00f6llner, Paul A. Pavlou, and J. M. Leimeister. 2013. Understanding trust in IT Artifacts - A new conceptual approach. Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, 1 (2013), 11412\u201311412. DOI: 10.5465\/ambpp.2013.11412abstract"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_155_2","first-page":"20","article-title":"Emotions and choice","volume":"27","author":"Solomon Robert C.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Robert C. Solomon. 1973. Emotions and choice. The Review of Metaphysics 27, 1 (1973), 20\u201341.","journal-title":"The Review of Metaphysics"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2103.12016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/248922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s43154-020-00019-0","article-title":"A survey of mental modeling techniques in human\u2013robot teaming","volume":"1","author":"Tabrez Aaquib","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aaquib Tabrez, Matthew B. Luebbers, and Bradley Hayes. 2020. A survey of mental modeling techniques in human\u2013robot teaming. Current Robotics Reports 1 (2020), 259\u2013267.","journal-title":"Current Robotics Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.256","article-title":"A social identity approach to trust: Interpersonal perception, group membership and trusting behaviour","volume":"35","author":"Tanis Martin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martin Tanis and Tom Postmes. 2005. A social identity approach to trust: Interpersonal perception, group membership and trusting behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology 35, 3 (2005), 413\u2013424.","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.4dfb.8dfd","article-title":"Making sense of Cronbach\u2019s alpha","volume":"2","author":"Tavakol Mohsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mohsen Tavakol and Reg Dennick. 2011. Making sense of Cronbach\u2019s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education 2 (2011), 53.","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.23.4.124","article-title":"Measuring patients\u2019 trust in physicians when assessing quality of care","volume":"23","author":"Thom David H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"David H. Thom, Mark A. Hall, and L. Gregory Pawlson. 2004. Measuring patients\u2019 trust in physicians when assessing quality of care. Health Affairs 23, 4 (2004), 124\u2013132.","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/job.2448","article-title":"Revisiting the trustworthiness\u2013trust relationship: exploring the differential predictors of cognition-and affect-based trust","volume":"41","author":"Tomlinson Edward C.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Edward C. Tomlinson, Andrew K. Schnackenberg, David Dawley, and Steven R. Ash. 2020. Revisiting the trustworthiness\u2013trust relationship: exploring the differential predictors of cognition-and affect-based trust. Journal of Organizational Behavior 41, 6 (2020), 535\u2013550.","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational Behavior"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2018.02.002","article-title":"When guests trust hosts for their words: Host description and trust in sharing economy","volume":"67","author":"Tussyadiah Iis P.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iis P. Tussyadiah and Sangwon Park. 2018. When guests trust hosts for their words: Host description and trust in sharing economy. Tourism Management 67 (2018), 261\u2013272.","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2020.102886"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_166_2","first-page":"2996","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":"36","author":"Ullman Daniel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daniel Ullman, Iolanda Leite, Jonathan Phillips, Julia Kim-Cohen, and Brian Scassellati. 2014. Smart human, smarter robot: How cheating affects perceptions of social agency. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society 36, 36 (2014), 2996\u20133001."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-090X(96)00025-3"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_3_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2307\/2941061","article-title":"What might cognition be, if not computation?","volume":"92","author":"Gelder Tim Van","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tim Van Gelder. 1995. What might cognition be, if not computation? The Journal of Philosophy 92, 7 (1995), 345\u2013381.","journal-title":"The Journal of Philosophy"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.5898\/JHRI.4.2.Wagner","article-title":"Robots that stereotype: creating and using categories of people for human-robot interaction","volume":"4","author":"Wagner Alan R.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alan R. Wagner. 2015. Robots that stereotype: creating and using categories of people for human-robot interaction. Journal of Human-Robot Interaction 4, 2 (2015), 97\u2013124.","journal-title":"Journal of Human-Robot Interaction"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2003.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-78978-1_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222240410"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4018\/jeco.2005100103","article-title":"Trust in e-commerce: consideration of interface design factors","volume":"3","author":"Wang Ye Diana","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ye Diana Wang and Henry H. Emurian. 2005. Trust in e-commerce: consideration of interface design factors. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations (JECO) 3, 4 (2005), 42\u201360.","journal-title":"Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations (JECO)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798418771807"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","article-title":"Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales","volume":"54","author":"Watson David","year":"1988","unstructured":"David Watson, Lee Anna Clark, and Auke Tellegen. 1988. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54, 6 (1988), 1063.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2014.01.005","article-title":"The mind in the machine: Anthropomorphism increases trust in an autonomous vehicle","volume":"52","author":"Waytz Adam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adam Waytz, Joy Heafner, and Nicholas Epley. 2014. The mind in the machine: Anthropomorphism increases trust in an autonomous vehicle. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 52 (2014), 113\u2013117.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_177_2","first-page":"1106","volume-title":"Conference of the International Speech Communication Association","author":"Wechsung Ina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ina Wechsung, Benjamin Weiss, Christine K\u00fchnel, Patrick Ehrenbrink, and Sebastian M\u00f6ller. 2013. Development and validation of the conversational agents scale (cas). In Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, 1106\u20131110."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00523.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.2020.1749020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_180_2","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI \u201919).","author":"Xie Yaqi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yaqi Xie, Indu P. Bodala, Desmond C. Ong, David Hsu, and Harold Soh. 2019. Robot capability and intention in trust-based decisions across tasks. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI \u201919). IEEE, 39\u201347."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_181_2","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","author":"Xu Anqi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anqi Xu and Gregory Dudek. 2015. Optimo: Online probabilistic trust inference model for asymmetric human-robot collaborations. In Proceedings of the 10th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. ACM, IEEE, Portland, 221\u2013228."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-53936-0_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-019-00549-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2307\/2393957","article-title":"Trust and managerial problem solving","volume":"17","author":"Zand Dale E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Dale E. Zand. 1972. Trust and managerial problem solving. Administrative Science Quarterly 17, 2 (1972), 229\u2013239.","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_186_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164415594658"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3677614","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3677614","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:58:30Z","timestamp":1750294710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3677614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":177,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3677614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3677614","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-9522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-9522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}