{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:35:22Z","timestamp":1775745322220,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":33,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","award":["112-2628-E-002-027-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2628-E-002-027-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3678015.3680488","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T12:19:32Z","timestamp":1724933972000},"page":"53-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Designing and Implementing Live Migration Support for Arm-based Confidential VMs"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0255-7728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang-Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4426-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5311-2826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaiwen","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6883-5373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2018. kokke\/tiny-AES-c: Small portable AES128\/192\/256 in C. https:\/\/github.com\/kokke\/tiny-AES-c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"2021. SOSP 21: Artifact Evaluation: Verifying a Multiprocessor Hypervisor on Arm Relaxed Memory Hardware. https:\/\/github.com\/VeriGu\/usenix-ae-linux\/tree\/bf0e5d0a4ec4f2b6d2524a5c8cd86e12cc0f6e0e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"2023. Google pKVM Project. https:\/\/android-kvm.googlesource.com\/linux\/+\/refs\/heads\/pkvm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"2023. QEMU\/Migration-Multiple-fds. https:\/\/wiki.qemu.org\/Features\/Migration-Multiple-fds"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"2024. Linux-CCA. https:\/\/gitlab.arm.com\/linux-arm\/linux-cca\/-\/tree\/cca-full\/rmm-v1.0-eac5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"2024. QEMU-CCA. https:\/\/jpbrucker.net\/git\/qemu\/log\/?h=cca\/rmm-v1.0-eac5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"2024. TF-RMM. https:\/\/git.trustedfirmware.org\/TF-RMM\/tf-rmm.git\/+\/refs\/tags\/tf-rmm-v0.4.0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"2024. The CloudLab Manual: 12 Hardware. https:\/\/docs.cloudlab.us\/hardware.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Advanced Micro Devices. 2020. Secure Encrypted Virtualization API Version 0.24. https:\/\/www.amd.com\/system\/files\/TechDocs\/55766_SEV-KM_API_Specification.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Advanced Micro Devices. 2022. TSEV Secure Nested Paging Firmware ABI Specification. https:\/\/www.amd.com\/system\/files\/TechDocs\/56860.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"ARM Ltd. 2022. Introducing Arm Confidential Compute Architecture Version 1. https:\/\/developer.arm.com\/documentation\/den0125\/0100\/What-is-Arm-CCA-."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"ARM Ltd. 2024. Arm System Memory Management Unit Architecture Specification SMMU: architecture version 3. IHI0070F_b System Memory Management Unit Architecture Specification."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2005 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 2005)","author":"Bellard Fabrice","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fabrice Bellard. 2005. QEMU, a Fast and Portable Dynamic Translator. In Proceedings of the 2005 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 2005). Anaheim, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Carlos Bilbao. 2023. The Linux SVSM project. https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/921266\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Live Migration of Virtual Machines. In 2nd Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation (NSDI 05)","author":"Clark Christopher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Christopher Clark, Keir Fraser, Steven Hand, Jacob Gorm Hansen, Eric Jul, Christian Limpach, Ian Pratt, and Andrew Warfield. 2005. Live Migration of Virtual Machines. In 2nd Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation (NSDI 05). Boston, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morris Dworkin. 2007. NIST SP 800-38D Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Galois\/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC. https:\/\/nvlpubs.nist.gov\/nistpubs\/legacy\/sp\/nistspecialpublication800-38d.pdf.","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.800-38d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security","author":"Halderman J. Alex","year":"2008","unstructured":"J. Alex Halderman, Seth D. Schoen, Nadia Heninger, William Clarkson, William Paul, Joseph A. Calandrino, Ariel J. Feldman, Jacob Appelbaum, and Edward W. Felten. 2008. Lest We Remember: Cold Boot Attacks on Encryption Keys. In Proceedings of the 17th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 2008). San Jose, CA, 45--60."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGPLAN\/SIGOPS International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments (VEE '09)","author":"Michael","unstructured":"Michael R. Hines and Kartik Gopalan. 2009. Post-Copy Based Live Virtual Machine Migration Using Adaptive Pre-Paging and Dynamic Self-Ballooning. In Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGPLAN\/SIGOPS International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments (VEE '09). Washington, DC, USA, 51--60."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Intel Corporation. 2023. Intel\u00ae Trust Domain Extensions (Intel\u00ae TDX). https:\/\/cdrdv2.intel.com\/v1\/dl\/getContent\/733582."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Intel Corporation. 2023. Trust Domain Extension (TDX) Migration TD Design Guide. https:\/\/cdrdv2.intel.com\/v1\/dl\/getContent\/733580."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Jake Edge. 2020. KVM for Android. https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/836693\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Ashish Kalra. 2021. Add AMD SEV guest live migration support. https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/851648\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2007 Ottawa Linux Symposium (OLS","author":"Kivity Avi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Avi Kivity, Yaniv Kamay, Dor Laor, Uri Lublin, and Anthony Liguori. 2007. KVM: the Linux Virtual Machine Monitor. In Proceedings of the 2007 Ottawa Linux Symposium (OLS 2007). Ottawa, ON, Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th Workshop on Virtualization in High-Performance Cloud Computing (VHPC","author":"Li Jian-Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jian-Lin Li and Shih-Wei Li. 2024. Performance Implications of SEV Virtual Machine Live Migration. In Proceedings of the 19th Workshop on Virtualization in High-Performance Cloud Computing (VHPC 2024). Madrid, Spain."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security","author":"Li Shih-Wei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shih-Wei Li, John S. Koh, and Jason Nieh. 2019. Protecting Cloud Virtual Machines from Commodity Hypervisor and Host Operating System Exploits. In Proceedings of the 28th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 2019). Santa Clara, CA, 1357--1374."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Design and Verification of the Arm Confidential Compute Architecture. In 16th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 22)","author":"Li Xupeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xupeng Li, Xuheng Li, Christoffer Dall, Ronghui Gu, Jason Nieh, Yousuf Sait, and Gareth Stockwell. 2022. Design and Verification of the Arm Confidential Compute Architecture. In 16th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 22). Carlsbad, CA, 465--484."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1400097.1400108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2451512.2451531"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"The Apache Software Foundation. 2015. ab - Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool. http:\/\/httpd.apache.org\/docs\/2.4\/programs\/ab.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Tobin Feldman-Fitzthum Dov Murik. 2021. Secure Live Migration of Encrypted VMs. https:\/\/research.ibm.com\/publications\/secure-live-migration-of-encrypted-vms."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3489517.3530436"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Wei Wang. 2021. TDX Live Migration. https:\/\/kvmforum2021.sched.com\/event\/ke3F\/tdx-live-migration-wei-wang-intel-corp."}],"event":{"name":"APSys '24: 15th ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems","location":"Kyoto Japan","acronym":"APSys '24","sponsor":["SIGOPS ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3678015.3680488","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3678015.3680488","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T02:14:14Z","timestamp":1755915254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3678015.3680488"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3678015.3680488","10.1145\/3678015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3678015.3680488","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}