{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T04:29:16Z","timestamp":1778300956721,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":96,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"name":"MOE Tier 1","award":["RG16\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG16\/22"]}]},{"name":"NSFC","award":["62372045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62372045"]}]},{"name":"RGC under Contract CERG 16206122","award":["AoE\/E-601\/22-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AoE\/E-601\/22-R"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3680207.3723477","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T13:19:18Z","timestamp":1763731158000},"page":"329-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["ESPIRO: Natural Pulmonary Function Monitoring via Earphone-Acquired Speech"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1633-3259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yetong","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3824-234X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7858-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wentao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9205-1881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7036-5158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 18th IEEE SECON. 1\u20139.","author":"Adhikari Aakriti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aakriti Adhikari, Austin Hetherington, and Sanjib Sur. 2021. mmFlow: Facilitating At-Home Spirometry with 5G Smart Devices. In Proc. of the 18th IEEE SECON. 1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Article 9 (feb","author":"Adhikary Rishiraj","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rishiraj Adhikary, Dhruvi Lodhavia, Chris Francis, Rohit Patil, Tanmay Srivastava, Prerna Khanna, Nipun Batra, Joseph Breda, Jacob Peplinski, and Shwetak Patel. 2023. SpiroMask: Measuring Lung Function Using Consumer-Grade Masks. 4, 1, Article 9 (feb 2023), 34 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Glottal Wave Analysis With Pitch Synchronous Iterative Adaptive Inverse Filtering","volume":"11","author":"Alku Paavo","year":"1992","unstructured":"Paavo Alku. 1992. Glottal Wave Analysis With Pitch Synchronous Iterative Adaptive Inverse Filtering. Speech Communication 11, 2\u20133 (1992), 109\u2013118.","journal-title":"Speech Communication"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proc. of IEEE BHI","author":"Bernal Edgar A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Edgar A Bernal, Lalit K Mestha, and Eribaweimon Shilla. 2014. Non Contact Monitoring of Respiratory Function via Depth Sensing. In Proc. of IEEE BHI 2014. 101\u2013104."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Proc. of ACM IMWUT 2023 7","author":"Bhalla Sejal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sejal Bhalla, Salaar Liaqat, Robert Wu, Andrea S Gershon, Eyal de Lara, and Alex Mariakakis. 2023. PulmoListener: Continuous Acoustic Monitoring of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Wild. Proc. of ACM IMWUT 2023 7, 3 (2023), 1\u201324."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","first-page":"689","article-title":"Spirometry Training Does Not Guarantee Valid Results","volume":"55","author":"Borg Brigitte M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brigitte M Borg, Moegamat Faizel Hartley, Mo T Fisher, and Bruce R Thompson. 2010. Spirometry Training Does Not Guarantee Valid Results. Respiratory Care 55, 6 (2010), 689\u2013694.","journal-title":"Respiratory Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proc. of IEEE PerCom. 200\u2013209","author":"Butkow Kayla-Jade","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kayla-Jade Butkow, Ting Dang, Andrea Ferlini, Dong Ma, and Cecilia Mascolo. 2023. hEARt: Motion-resilient Heart Rate Monitoring with In-ear Microphones. In Proc. of IEEE PerCom. 200\u2013209."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM53939.2023.10228921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2024.3429574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Proc. of ACM IMWUT 2023 7","author":"Cao Yetong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yetong Cao, Chao Cai, Anbo Yu, Fan Li, and Jun Luo. 2023. EarACE: Empowering Versatile Acoustic Sensing via Earable Active Noise Cancellation Platform. Proc. of ACM IMWUT 2023 7, 2 (2023), 1\u201323."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 2020. 1917","author":"Cao Yetong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yetong Cao, Qian Zhang, Fan Li, Song Yang, and Yu Wang. 2020. PPG-Pass: Nonintrusive and Secure Mobile Two-Factor Authentication via Wearables. In Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 2020. 1917\u20131926."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. 2497\u20132506","author":"Chen Qifeng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qifeng Chen, Jia Xu, and Vladlen Koltun. 2017. Fast Image Processing With Fully-Convolutional Networks. In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. 2497\u20132506."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2024.100241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 27th ACM MobiCom. 392\u2013405","author":"Chen Zhe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhe Chen, Tianyue Zheng, Chao Cai, and Jun Luo. 2021. MoVi-Fi: Motion-robust Vital Signs Waveform Recovery via Deep Interpreted RF Sensing. In Proc. of the 27th ACM MobiCom. 392\u2013405."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Average Decibel Level of Human Speech. https:\/\/decibelpro.app\/blog\/how-many-decibels-does-a-human-speak-normally\/ Accessed","author":"Pro Decibel Meter","year":"2024","unstructured":"Decibel Meter Pro. 2024. Average Decibel Level of Human Speech. https:\/\/decibelpro.app\/blog\/how-many-decibels-does-a-human-speak-normally\/ Accessed: 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2011.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"UBREATH Spirometer System (PF680). https:\/\/www.e-linkcare.com\/spirometer-system-pf680-product\/ Accessed","author":"e-LinkCare Meditech Co.","year":"2024","unstructured":"e-LinkCare Meditech Co.,Ltd. 2021. UBREATH Spirometer System (PF680). https:\/\/www.e-linkcare.com\/spirometer-system-pf680-product\/ Accessed: 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-003-1909-5","article-title":"Evaluation of Changes in Central Airway Dimensions, Lung Area and Mean Lung Density at Paired Inspiratory\/Expiratory High-Resolution Computed Tomography","volume":"13","author":"Ederle JR","year":"2003","unstructured":"JR Ederle, CP Heussel, J Hast, B Fischer, EJR Van Beek, S Ley, M Thelen, and HU Kauczor. 2003. Evaluation of Changes in Central Airway Dimensions, Lung Area and Mean Lung Density at Paired Inspiratory\/Expiratory High-Resolution Computed Tomography. European Radiology 13 (2003), 2454\u20132461.","journal-title":"European Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Howard Eigen. 1999. Pulmonary function testing. In Pediatric Asthma. 131\u2013150."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.04.008","article-title":"Quality of Spirometry Tests Performed by 9893 Adults in 14 Countries: The Bold Study","volume":"105","author":"Enright P.","year":"2011","unstructured":"P. Enright, W M Vollmer, B. Lamprecht, R. Jensen, and A S Buist. 2011. Quality of Spirometry Tests Performed by 9893 Adults in 14 Countries: The Bold Study. Respiratory Medicine 105, 10 (2011), 1507\u20131515.","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Key Facts about Asthma. https:\/\/www.aafa.org\/asthma-facts\/ Accessed","author":"Facts Asthma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Asthma Facts and Figures. 2024. Key Facts about Asthma. https:\/\/www.aafa.org\/asthma-facts\/ Accessed: 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 29th ACM Mobicom. 1\u201315","author":"Fan Xiaoran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiaoran Fan, David Pearl, Richard Howard, Longfei Shangguan, and Trausti Thormundsson. 2023. APG: Audioplethysmography for Cardiac Monitoring in Hearables. In Proc. of the 29th ACM Mobicom. 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00047903","article-title":"Effect of Nasal or Oral Breathing Route on Upper Airway Resistance During Sleep","volume":"22","author":"Fitzpatrick Michael F","year":"2003","unstructured":"Michael F Fitzpatrick, H McLean, AM Urton, A Tan, D O'donnell, and HS Driver. 2003. Effect of Nasal or Oral Breathing Route on Upper Airway Resistance During Sleep. European Respiratory Journal 22, 5 (2003), 827\u2013832.","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Non-contact Spirometry Using a Mobile Thermal Camera and AI Regression","volume":"21","author":"Fraiwan Luay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luay Fraiwan, Natheer Khasawneh, Khaldon Lweesy, Mennatalla Elbalki, Amna Almarzooqi, and Nada Abu Hamra. 2021. Non-contact Spirometry Using a Mobile Thermal Camera and AI Regression. Sensors 21, 22 (2021), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Greedy Function Approximation: A Gradient Boosting Machine. Annals of Statistics","author":"Friedman Jerome H","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jerome H Friedman. 2001. Greedy Function Approximation: A Gradient Boosting Machine. Annals of Statistics (2001), 1189\u20131232."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Spiro AI: Smartphone Based Pulmonary Function Testing. Ph. D. Dissertation.","author":"Garrison Jake","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jake Garrison. 2018. Spiro AI: Smartphone Based Pulmonary Function Testing. Ph. D. Dissertation."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francois G Germain Qifeng Chen and Vladlen Koltun. 2018. Speech Denoising With Deep Feature Losses. In Interspeech. 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2019-1924"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brian L Graham Irene Steenbruggen Martin R Miller Igor Z Barjaktarevic Brendan G Cooper Graham L Hall Teal S Hallstrand David A Kaminsky Kevin McCarthy Meredith C McCormack et al. 2019. Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. An official American thoracic society and European respiratory society technical statement. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 200 8 (2019) e70\u2013e88.","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1986.134.5.956","article-title":"Relationship Between Lung Volume, Maximal Expiratory Flow, Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second, and Tracheal Area in Normal Men and Women","volume":"134","author":"Hoffstein V","year":"1986","unstructured":"V Hoffstein. 1986. Relationship Between Lung Volume, Maximal Expiratory Flow, Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second, and Tracheal Area in Normal Men and Women. American Review of Respiratory Disease 134, 5 (1986), 956\u2013961.","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2009.08.002","article-title":"Analysis of Flow-Structure Coupling in a Mechanical Model of the Vocal Folds and the Subglottal System","volume":"25","author":"Howe MS","year":"2009","unstructured":"MS Howe and RS McGowan. 2009. Analysis of Flow-Structure Coupling in a Mechanical Model of the Vocal Folds and the Subglottal System. Journal of Fluids and Structures 25, 8 (2009), 1299\u20131317.","journal-title":"Journal of Fluids and Structures"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Acoustics of Fluid-structure Interactions","author":"Howe Michael S","unstructured":"Michael S Howe. 1998. Acoustics of Fluid-structure Interactions. Cambridge university press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Proc. of ACM IMWUT 2024 8","author":"Hu Changshuo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Changshuo Hu, Thivya Kandappu, Yang Liu, Cecilia Mascolo, and Dong Ma. 2024. BreathPro: Monitoring Breathing Mode during Running with Earables. Proc. of ACM IMWUT 2024 8, 2 (2024), 1\u201325."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(98)80051-9","article-title":"Effects of Lung Volume on the Glottal Voice Source","volume":"12","author":"Iwarsson Jenny","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jenny Iwarsson, Monica Thomasson, and Johan Sundberg. 1998. Effects of Lung Volume on the Glottal Voice Source. Journal of Voice 12, 4 (1998), 424\u2013433.","journal-title":"Journal of Voice"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"What Are the Possible Risks of Pulmonary Function Tests? https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/treatment-tests-and-therapies\/pulmonary-function-tests Accessed","author":"Medicine Johns Hopkins","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins Medicine. 2024. What Are the Possible Risks of Pulmonary Function Tests? https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/treatment-tests-and-therapies\/pulmonary-function-tests Accessed: 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21020603"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-016-0409-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Kumar and R. Salib. 2006. Upper Airway Obstruction. In Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine. Academic Press Oxford 375\u2013385.","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-12-370879-6\/00415-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10772-019-09608-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Proc. of ACM UbiComp","author":"Larson Eric C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eric C Larson, Mayank Goel, Gaetano Boriello, Sonya Heltshe, Margaret Rosenfeld, and Shwetak N Patel. 2012. SpiroSmart: Using a Microphone to Measure Lung Function on a Mobile Phone. In Proc. of ACM UbiComp 2012. 280\u2013289."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Graphic Analysis of Flow-Volume Curves: A Pilot Study","volume":"16","author":"Lee Jungsil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jungsil Lee, Choon-Taek Lee, Jae Ho Lee, Young-Jae Cho, Jong Sun Park, Yeon-Mok Oh, Sang-Do Lee, and Ho Il Yoon. 2016. Graphic Analysis of Flow-Volume Curves: A Pilot Study. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 16, 1 (2016), 1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. 1191\u20131200","author":"Lee Jun-Tae","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jun-Tae Lee and Chang-Su Kim. 2019. Image Aesthetic Assessment Based on Pairwise Comparison a Unified Approach to Score Regression, Binary Classification, and Personalization. In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. 1191\u20131200."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000265863"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702804730312","article-title":"The Scope and Limitations of Curve Fitting","volume":"34","author":"Maddams WF","year":"1980","unstructured":"WF Maddams. 1980. The Scope and Limitations of Curve Fitting. Applied Spectroscopy 34, 3 (1980), 245\u2013267.","journal-title":"Applied Spectroscopy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Proc. of IEEE ICASSP","author":"Manocha Pranay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pranay Manocha, Zeyu Jin, and Adam Finkelstein. 2022. SQAPP: No-Reference Speech Quality Assessment via Pairwise Preference. In Proc. of IEEE ICASSP 2022. IEEE, 891\u2013895."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"Spirometry in the Evaluation of Pulmonary Function","volume":"125","author":"Morris James F","year":"1976","unstructured":"James F Morris. 1976. Spirometry in the Evaluation of Pulmonary Function. Western Journal of Medicine 125, 2 (1976), 110\u2013118.","journal-title":"Western Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"When Does Label Smoothing Help","volume":"32","author":"M\u00fcller Rafael","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rafael M\u00fcller, Simon Kornblith, and Geoffrey E Hinton. 2019. When Does Label Smoothing Help? Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32 (2019), 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Estimation of Respiratory Rates Using the Built-in Microphone of a Smartphone or Headset","author":"Nam Yunyoung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yunyoung Nam, Bersain A Reyes, and Ki H Chon. 2015. Estimation of Respiratory Rates Using the Built-in Microphone of a Smartphone or Headset. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 20, 6 (2015), 1493\u20131501."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 42nd IEEE EMBC. 4491\u20134497","author":"Nemati Ebrahim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ebrahim Nemati, Md Juber Rahman, Erin Blackstock, Viswam Nathan, Md Mahbubur Rahman, Korosh Vatanparvar, and Jilong Kuang. 2020. Estimation of the Lung Function Using Acoustic Features of the Voluntary Cough. In Proc. of the 42nd IEEE EMBC. 4491\u20134497."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Noise Reduction and Speech Enhancement Using Wiener Filter. In International Conference on Data Science and Its Applications. 177\u2013180","author":"Nuha Hilal H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hilal H Nuha and Ahmad Abo Absa. 2022. Noise Reduction and Speech Enhancement Using Wiener Filter. In International Conference on Data Science and Its Applications. 177\u2013180."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Multimedia. 1015\u20131018","author":"Piczak Karol J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karol J Piczak. 2015. ESC: Dataset for Environmental Sound Classification. In Proc. of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Multimedia. 1015\u20131018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02522852","article-title":"Hot-Wire Anemometer for Spirography","volume":"36","author":"Plakk P","year":"1998","unstructured":"P Plakk, P Liik, and P-H Kingisepp. 1998. Hot-Wire Anemometer for Spirography. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 36, 1 (1998), 17\u201321.","journal-title":"Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/89.784109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.3.7663790","article-title":"Peak Expiratory Flow Monitoring Is Not a Reliable Method for Establishing the Diagnosis of Occupational Asthma","volume":"152","author":"Quirce Santiago","year":"1995","unstructured":"Santiago Quirce, Gustavo Contreras, Anne DyBuncio, and Moira Chan-Yeung. 1995. Peak Expiratory Flow Monitoring Is Not a Reliable Method for Establishing the Diagnosis of Occupational Asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 152, 3 (1995), 1100\u20131102.","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"Automatic Prediction of Spirometry Readings From Cough and Wheeze for Monitoring of Asthma Severity. In 2017 25th European Signal Processing Conference. 41\u201345","author":"Achuth Rao M V","year":"2017","unstructured":"M V Achuth Rao, N K Kausthubha, Shivani Yadav, Dipanjan Gope, Uma Maheswari Krishnaswamy, and Prasanta Kumar Ghosh. 2017. Automatic Prediction of Spirometry Readings From Cough and Wheeze for Monitoring of Asthma Severity. In 2017 25th European Signal Processing Conference. 41\u201345."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"What Are The Side Effects Of Pulmonary Function Test? https:\/\/www.ganeshdiagnostic.com\/blog\/what-are-the-side-effects-of-pft Accessed","author":"Ravin Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma Ravin. 2023. What Are The Side Effects Of Pulmonary Function Test? https:\/\/www.ganeshdiagnostic.com\/blog\/what-are-the-side-effects-of-pft Accessed: 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2015.2412880","article-title":"Classification of Voluntary Cough Airflow Patterns for Prediction of Abnormal Spirometry","volume":"20","author":"Reynolds Jeffrey S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jeffrey S Reynolds, W Travis Goldsmith, Jeremy B Day, Ayman A Abaza, Ahmed M Mahmoud, Ali A Afshari, Jacob B Barkley, E Lee Petsonk, Michael L Kashon, and David G Frazer. 2015. Classification of Voluntary Cough Airflow Patterns for Prediction of Abnormal Spirometry. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 20, 3 (2015), 963\u2013969.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Audiovisual Database of Spoken American English","author":"Richie Carolyn","unstructured":"Carolyn Richie, Sarah Warburton, and Megan Carter. 2009. Audiovisual Database of Spoken American English. Linguistic Data Consortium."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cough Sound Analysis and Objective Correlation With Spirometry and Clinical Diagnosis","volume":"19","author":"Rudraraju Gowrisree","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gowrisree Rudraraju, ShubhaDeepti Palreddy, Baswaraj Mamidgi, Narayana Rao Sripada, Y Padma Sai, Naveen Kumar Vodnala, and Sai Praveen Haranath. 2020. Cough Sound Analysis and Objective Correlation With Spirometry and Clinical Diagnosis. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 19 (2020), 1\u201311.","journal-title":"Informatics in Medicine Unlocked"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global Burden of Lower Respiratory Infections During the Last Three Decades","volume":"10","author":"Safiri Saeid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saeid Safiri, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Mark JM Sullman, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Khalil Ansarin, Gary S Collins, Jay S Kaufman, and Morteza Abdollahi. 2023. Global Burden of Lower Respiratory Infections During the Last Three Decades. Frontiers in Public Health 10 (2023), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 42nd IEEE EMBC. 4114\u20134117","author":"Sakamoto Hirokazu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hirokazu Sakamoto, Hiroki Takamoto, Takemi Matsui, Tetsuo Kirimoto, and Guanghao Sun. 2020. A Non-contact Spirometer With Time-of-Flight Sensor for Assessment of Pulmonary Function. In Proc. of the 42nd IEEE EMBC. 4114\u20134117."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 22nd ACM MobileHCI. 1\u201311","author":"Saleheen Nazir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nazir Saleheen, Tousif Ahmed, Md Mahbubur Rahman, Ebrahim Nemati, Viswam Nathan, Korosh Vatanparvar, Erin Blackstock, and Jilong Kuang. 2020. Lung Function Estimation From a Monosyllabic Voice Segment Captured Using Smartphones. In Proc. of the 22nd ACM MobileHCI. 1\u201311."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000090002.87223.C7","article-title":"Medical Errors in the Intensive Care Unit: Can We Find the Black Box Before the Patient Crashes","volume":"31","author":"Seoane Leonardo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Leonardo Seoane and David E. Taylor. 2003. Medical Errors in the Intensive Care Unit: Can We Find the Black Box Before the Patient Crashes? Critical Care Medicine 31, 10 (2003), 2553\u20132554.","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 27th ACM Mobicom. 478\u2013490","author":"Shi Cong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cong Shi, Xiangyu Xu, Tianfang Zhang, Payton Walker, Yi Wu, Jian Liu, Nitesh Saxena, Yingying Chen, and Jiadi Yu. 2021. Face-Mic: Inferring Live Speech and Speaker Identity via Subtle Facial Dynamics Captured by AR\/VR Motion Sensors. In Proc. of the 27th ACM Mobicom. 478\u2013490."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2011.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2020.100313","article-title":"Automatic Cough Detection Based on Airflow Signals for Portable Spirometry System","volume":"18","author":"Soli\u0144ski Mateusz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mateusz Soli\u0144ski, Micha\u0142 \u0141epek, and \u0141ukasz Ko\u0142towski. 2020. Automatic Cough Detection Based on Airflow Signals for Portable Spirometry System. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 18 (2020), 100313.","journal-title":"Informatics in Medicine Unlocked"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"AdaBoost. RT: A Boosting Algorithm for Regression Problems","author":"Solomatine Dimitri P","unstructured":"Dimitri P Solomatine and Durga L Shrestha. 2004. AdaBoost. RT: A Boosting Algorithm for Regression Problems. In IEEE international joint conference on neural networks, Vol. 2. 1163\u20131168."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 26th ACM MobiCom. 1\u201314","author":"Song Xingzhe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xingzhe Song, Boyuan Yang, Ge Yang, Ruirong Chen, Erick Forno, Wei Chen, and Wei Gao. 2020. SpiroSonic: Monitoring Human Lung Function via Acoustic Sensing on Commodity Smartphones. In Proc. of the 26th ACM MobiCom. 1\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the IEEE CVPR. 1\u20139.","author":"Szegedy Christian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Christian Szegedy, Wei Liu, Yangqing Jia, Pierre Sermanet, Scott Reed, Dragomir Anguelov, Dumitru Erhan, Vincent Vanhoucke, and Andrew Rabinovich. 2015. Going Deeper With Convolutions. In Proc. of the IEEE CVPR. 1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2020.2977793"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Lung Function-Clinical Importance, Problems, and New Results","volume":"54","author":"Ulmer WT","year":"2003","unstructured":"WT Ulmer. 2003. Lung Function-Clinical Importance, Problems, and New Results. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology: An Official Journal of the Polish Physiological Society 54 (2003), 11\u201313.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology: An Official Journal of the Polish Physiological Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.06.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/10618600152418584"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 43rd IEEE EMBC. 7237\u20137243","author":"Vatanparvar Korosh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Korosh Vatanparvar, Viswam Nathan, Ebrahim Nemati, Md Mahbubur Rahman, Daniel McCaffrey, Jilong Kuang, and Jun Alex Gao. 2021. SpeechSpiro: Lung Function Assessment From Speech Pattern as an Alternative to Spirometry for Mobile Health Tracking. In Proc. of the 43rd IEEE EMBC. 7237\u20137243."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200909-1366OC","article-title":"The Ratio of FEV1 to Fvc as a Basis for Establishing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"181","author":"Vaz Fragoso Carlos A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carlos A Vaz Fragoso, John Concato, Gail McAvay, Peter H Van Ness, Carolyn L Rochester, H Klar Yaggi, and Thomas M Gill. 2010. The Ratio of FEV1 to Fvc as a Basis for Establishing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 181, 5 (2010), 446\u2013451.","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000063410","article-title":"Dynamic Extremes of Voice in the Light of Time Domain Parameters Extracted From the Amplitude Features of Glottal Flow and Its Derivative","volume":"54","author":"Vilkman Erkki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Erkki Vilkman, Paavo Alku, and Juha Vintturi. 2002. Dynamic Extremes of Voice in the Light of Time Domain Parameters Extracted From the Amplitude Features of Glottal Flow and Its Derivative. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 54, 3 (2002), 144\u2013157.","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2006.00842.x","article-title":"Stability of the EasyOne Ultrasonic Spirometer for Use in General Practice","volume":"11","author":"Walters Julia AE","year":"2006","unstructured":"Julia AE Walters, Richard WOOD-BAKER, Justin Walls, and David P Johns. 2006. Stability of the EasyOne Ultrasonic Spirometer for Use in General Practice. Respirology 11, 3 (2006), 306\u2013310.","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_79_1","volume-title":"A Hybrid Deep Learning Model With 1D CNN-LSTM-Attention Networks for Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 12","author":"Wang Ke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ke Wang, Changxi Ma, Yihuan Qiao, Xijin Lu, and Sheng Dong. 2021. A Hybrid Deep Learning Model With 1D CNN-LSTM-Attention Networks for Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 12 (2021), 1\u201313."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_80_1","volume-title":"BudsAuth: Towards Gesture-Wise Continuous User Authentication Through Earbuds Vibration Sensing","author":"Wang Yong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yong Wang, Tianyu Yang, Chunxiao Wang, Feng Li, Pengfei Hu, and Yiran Shen. 2024. BudsAuth: Towards Gesture-Wise Continuous User Authentication Through Earbuds Vibration Sensing. IEEE Internet of Things Journal (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2014.2327617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_82_1","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Proc. of ACM IMWUT 2023 6","author":"Xie Wentao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wentao Xie, Qingyong Hu, Jin Zhang, and Qian Zhang. 2023. EarSpiro: Earphone-based Spirometry for Lung Function Assessment. Proc. of ACM IMWUT 2023 6, 4 (2023), 1\u201327."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_83_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 31st ACM MobiCom. 1\u201316","author":"Xu Chi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chi Xu, Wentao Xie, Baichen Yang, Yizhen Zhang, Yanbin Gong, Jin Zhang, Wei Li, Shifang Yang, and Qian Zhang. 2025. EasySpiro: Assessing Lung Function via Arbitrary Exhalations on Commodity Earphones. In Proc. of the 31st ACM MobiCom. 1\u201316."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_84_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 31st IEEE MLSP. 1\u20136.","author":"Yadav Shivani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shivani Yadav, Dipanjan Gope, Uma Maheswari Krishnaswamy, and Prasanta Kumar Ghosh. 2021. Convolutional Dense Neural Network Based Spirometry Variable FVC Prediction Using Sustained Phonations. In Proc. of the 31st IEEE MLSP. 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_85_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"ER-rhythm: Coupling exercise and respiration rhythm using lightweight COTS RFID","volume":"3","author":"Yang Yanni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yanni Yang, Jiannong Cao, and Xiulong Liu. 2019. ER-rhythm: Coupling exercise and respiration rhythm using lightweight COTS RFID. Proc. of the ACM IMWUT 3, 4 (2019), 1\u201324.","journal-title":"Proc. of the ACM IMWUT"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_86_1","volume-title":"Proc. of IEEE COMPSAC","volume":"1","author":"Yang Yanni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yanni Yang, Jiannong Cao, Xiulong Liu, and Xuefeng Liu. 2019. Multi-Breath: Separate Respiration Monitoring for Multiple Persons With UWB Radar. In Proc. of IEEE COMPSAC, Vol. 1. IEEE, 840\u2013849."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_87_1","first-page":"1717","article-title":"Robust RFID-based respiration monitoring in dynamic environments","volume":"22","author":"Yang Yanni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yanni Yang, Jiannong Cao, and Yanwen Wang. 2021. Robust RFID-based respiration monitoring in dynamic environments. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 22, 3 (2021), 1717\u20131730.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_88_1","volume-title":"Privacy-Preserving Human Activity Sensing: A Survey. High-Confidence Computing","author":"Yang Yanni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yanni Yang, Pengfei Hu, Jiaxing Shen, Haiming Cheng, Zhenlin An, and Xiulong Liu. 2024. Privacy-Preserving Human Activity Sensing: A Survey. High-Confidence Computing (2024), 100204."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.06.010","article-title":"Exploration of Glottal Characteristics and the Vocal Folds Behavior for the Speech Under Emotion","volume":"410","author":"Yao Xiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiao Yao, Wensong Bai, Yuqian Ren, Xin Liu, and Zhijian Hui. 2020. Exploration of Glottal Characteristics and the Vocal Folds Behavior for the Speech Under Emotion. Neurocomputing 410 (2020), 328\u2013341.","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_90_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 21st ACM MobiSys. 110\u2013123","author":"Yin Xiangyu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiangyu Yin, Kai Huang, Erick Forno, Wei Chen, Heng Huang, and Wei Gao. 2023. PTEase: Objective Airway Examination for Pulmonary Telemedicine using Commodity Smartphones. In Proc. of the 21st ACM MobiSys. 110\u2013123."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_91_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 21st ACM Mobisys. 110\u2013123","author":"Yin Xiangyu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiangyu Yin, Kai Huang, Erick Forno, Wei Chen, Heng Huang, and Wei Gao. 2023. PTEase: Objective Airway Examination for Pulmonary Telemedicine using Commodity Smartphones. In Proc. of the 21st ACM Mobisys. 110\u2013123."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_92_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 30th IEEE\/ACM IWQoS. 1\u201310","author":"Yu Gu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gu Yu, Meng Wang, Peng Zhao, Yantong Wang, Hao Zhou, Yusheng Ji, and Celimuge Wu. 2022. SpiroFi: Contactless Pulmonary Function Monitoring using WiFi Signal. In Proc. of the 30th IEEE\/ACM IWQoS. 1\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14203\/jet.v21.19-26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_94_1","volume-title":"Libritts: A Corpus Derived From Librispeech for Text-To-Speech. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.02882","author":"Zen Heiga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heiga Zen, Viet Dang, Rob Clark, Yu Zhang, Ron J Weiss, Ye Jia, Zhifeng Chen, and Yonghui Wu. 2019. Libritts: A Corpus Derived From Librispeech for Text-To-Speech. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.02882 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_95_1","volume-title":"Proc. of IEEE ICICIC","volume":"3","author":"Zhang Xueying","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xueying Zhang, Zhefeng Zhao, and Gaofeng Zhao. 2006. A Speech Endpoint Detection Method Based on Wavelet Coefficient Variance and Sub-Band Amplitude Variance. In Proc. of IEEE ICICIC 2006, Vol. 3. 83\u201386."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3485730.3485932"}],"event":{"name":"ACM MOBICOM '25: 31st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","location":"Kerry Hotel, Hong Kong Hong Kong China","acronym":"ACM MOBICOM '25","sponsor":["SIGMOBILE ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3680207.3723477","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T13:27:16Z","timestamp":1763731636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3680207.3723477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3680207.3723477","10.1145\/3680207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3680207.3723477","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}