{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T05:19:08Z","timestamp":1781673548731,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"9","funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["112-2221-E-007-090-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2221-E-007-090-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Cloud Virtual Reality (VR) gaming offloads computationally intensive VR games to resourceful data centers. However, ensuring good Quality of Experience (QoE) in cloud VR gaming is inherently challenging as VR gamers demand high visual quality, short response time, and negligible cybersickness. In this article, we study the QoE of cloud VR gaming and build a QoE-optimized system in a few steps. First, we establish a cloud VR gaming testbed capable of emulating various network conditions. Using the testbed, we conduct comprehensive QoE evaluations using a user study to evaluate the influence of diverse factors, such as encoding settings, network conditions, and game genres, on gamer QoE scores. Second, we construct the very first QoE models for cloud VR gaming using our QoE evaluation results. Our QoE models achieve up to 0.93 (\n            <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n              <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\(\\sigma=0.02\\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            ) in Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient (PLCC) and 0.92 (\n            <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n              <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\(\\sigma=0.02\\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            ) in Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient (SROCC), where\n            <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n              <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\(\\sigma\\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            stands for the standard deviation. Last, we leverage our QoE models for dynamically adapting encoding settings in our testbed. Extensive experiments revealed that, compared to the current practice, our adaptive cloud VR gaming system improves: (i) overall quality by 0.87 (\n            <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n              <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\(\\sigma=0.44\\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            ), (ii) visual quality by 0.61 (\n            <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n              <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\(\\sigma=0.45\\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            ), and (iii) interaction quality by 1.20 (\n            <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n              <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\(\\sigma=0.48\\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            ) on average in 5-point Mean Opinion Score (MOS).\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3680551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T10:08:55Z","timestamp":1721902135000},"page":"1-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Adaptive Cloud VR Gaming Optimized by Gamer QoE Models"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9450-8995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan-Yu","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9805-8854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashutosh","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centrum Wiskunde &amp; Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1752-6837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Cesar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centrum Wiskunde &amp; Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8116-2591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Hsin","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maha Abdallah Carsten Griwodz Kuan-Ta Chen Gwendal Simon Pin-Chun Wang and Cheng-Hsin Hsu. 2018. Delay-sensitive video computing in the cloud: A survey. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications 14 3s (2018) 1\u201329.","DOI":"10.1145\/3212804"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Multi access Edge Computing (MEC) ETSI. 2019. Radio network information api. ETSI GS MEC 12 (2019) V2."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2100109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalid Aldubaikhy Wen Wu Ning Zhang Nan Cheng and Xuemin Shen. 2020. mmWave IEEE 802.11 ay for 5G fixed wireless access. IEEE Wireless Communications 27 2 (2020) 88\u201395.","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muhammad Shahid Anwar Jing Wang Wahab Khan Asad Ullah Sadique Ahmad and Zesong Fei. 2020. Subjective QoE of 360-degree virtual reality videos and machine learning predictions. IEEE Access 8 (2020) 148084\u2013148099.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3015556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei Cai Ryan Shea Chun-Ying Huang Kuan-Ta Chen Jiangchuan Liu Victor C. M. Leung and Cheng-Hsin Hsu. 2016. A survey on cloud gaming: Future of computer games. IEEE Access 4 (2016) 7605\u20137620.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2590500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miguel \u00c1. Carreira-Perpi\u00f1\u00e1n and Arman Zharmagambetov. 2020. Ensembles of bagged TAO trees consistently improve over random forests adaBoost and gradient boosting. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM-IMS Foundations of Data Science Conference (FODS \u201920) 19\u201320.","DOI":"10.1145\/3412815.3416882"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giuseppe Cofano Luca De Cicco Thomas Zinner Anh Nguyen-Ngoc Phuoc Tran-Gia and Saverio Mascolo. 2017. Design and performance evaluation of network-assisted control strategies for HTTP adaptive streaming. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications 13 3s (2017) 1\u201324.","DOI":"10.1145\/3092836"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagabhushan Eswara S. Ashique Anand Panchbhai Soumen Chakraborty Hemanth P. Sethuram Kiran Kuchi Abhinav Kumar and Sumohana S. Channappayya. 2019. Streaming video QoE modeling and prediction: A long short-term memory approach. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 30 3 (2019) 661\u2013673.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2019.2895223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ching-Ling Fan Tse-Hou Hung and Cheng-Hsin Hsu. 2022. Modeling the user experience of watching 360 videos with head-mounted displays. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications 18 1 (2022) 1\u201323.","DOI":"10.1145\/3463825"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ching-Ling Fan Wen-Chih Lo Yu-Tung Pai and Cheng-Hsin Hsu. 2019. A survey on 360 video streaming: Acquisition transmission and display. ACM Computing Surveys 52 4 (2019) 1\u201336.","DOI":"10.1145\/3329119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Proceedings of Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV)","author":"Fang Jia-Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jia-Wei Fang, Kuan-Yu Lee, Teemu K\u00e4m\u00e4r\u00e4inen, Matti Siekkinen, and Cheng-Hsin Hsu. 2023. Will dynamic foveation boost cloud VR gaming experience. In Proceedings of Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV), 29\u201335."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"FreeBSD. 2002. A Live Network Emulation Tool. Retrieved August 5 2024 from https:\/\/reurl.cc\/LX8j34"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David Freedman and Persi Diaconis. 1981. On the histogram as a density estimator: L2 theory. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und verwandte Gebiete 57 4 (1981) 453\u2013476.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01025868"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jesus Gutierrez Pablo Perez Marta Orduna Ashutosh Singla Carlos Cortes Pramit Mazumdar Irene Viola Kjell Brunnstr\u00f6m Federica Battisti Natalia Ciepli\u0144ska Dawid Juszka Lucjan Janowski Miko\u0142aj Leszczuk Anthony Adeyemi-Ejeye Yaosi Hu Zhenzhong Chen Glenn Van Wallendael Peter Lambert C\u00e9sar D\u00edaz John Hedlund Omar Hamsis Stephan Fremerey Frank Hofmeyer Alexander Raake Pablo C\u00e9sar Marco Carli and Narciso Garc\u00eda. 2021. Subjective evaluation of visual quality and simulator sickness of dhort 360 \\({}^{\\circ}\\) videos: ITU-T Rec. P. 919. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 24 (2021) 3087\u20133100.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3093717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2015.2450173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chun-Ying Huang Kuan-Ta Chen De-Yu Chen Hwai-Jung Hsu and Cheng-Hsin Hsu. 2014. GamingAnywhere: The first open source cloud gaming system. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications 10 1s (2014) 1\u201325.","DOI":"10.1145\/2537855"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Mobile Video Delivery (MoViD)","author":"Huang Chun-Ying","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chun-Ying Huang, Cheng-Hsin Hsu, De-Yu Chen, and Kuan-Ta Chen. 2014. Quantifying user satisfaction in mobile cloud games. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Mobile Video Delivery (MoViD), 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"Netflix Inc. 2019. VMAF \u2013 Video Multi-Method Assessment Fusion. Retrieved August 5 2024 from https:\/\/reurl.cc\/eL6LeR"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Mordor Intelligence. 2023a. Virtual Reality Gaming Market Size & Share Analysis \u2013 Growth Trends & Forecasts (2023\u20132028). Retrieved August 5 2024 from https:\/\/reurl.cc\/edbrxx"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"S & P Global Market Intelligence. 2023b. Apple Pushes into AR\/VR Hardware and Meta Plants its Feet. Retrieved August 5 2024 from https:\/\/reurl.cc\/kaz5Rx"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"ITU-T. 2008. Recommendation ITU-T P.910: Subjective Video Quality Assessment Methods for Multimedia Applications."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"ITU-T. 2018. Recommendation ITU-T P.809: Subjective Evaluation Methods for Gaming Quality."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"ITU-T. 2020. Recommendation ITU-T G.1072: Opinion Model Predicting Gaming QoE for Cloud Gaming Services."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"330","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing (IMIS)","author":"Jarschel Michael","year":"2011","unstructured":"Michael Jarschel, Daniel Schlosser, Sven Scheuring, and Tobias Ho\u00dffeld. 2011. An evaluation of QoE in cloud gaming based on subjective tests. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing (IMIS), 330\u2013335."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert S Kennedy Norman E Lane Kevin S Berbaum and Michael G Lilienthal. 1993. Simulator sickness questionnaire: An enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. International Journal of Aviation Psychology 3 3 (1993) 203\u2013220.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0303_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","author":"Khan Asiya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Asiya Khan, Is-Haka Mkwawa, Lingfen Sun, and Emmanuel Ifeachor. 2011. QoE-driven sender bitrate adaptation scheme for video applications over IP multimedia subsystem. In Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)","author":"Krogfoss Bill","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bill Krogfoss, Jose Duran, Pablo Perez, and Jan Bouwen. 2020. Quantifying the value of 5G and edge cloud on QoE for AR\/VR. In Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), 1\u20134."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrew Lappalainen and Catherine Rosenberg. 2022. Can 5G fixed broadband bridge the rural digital divide? IEEE Communications Standards Magazine 6 2 (2022) 79\u201384.","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.0001.2100092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierre Lebreton and Kazuhisa Yamagishi. 2020. Predicting user quitting ratio in adaptive bitrate video streaming. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 23 (2020) 4526\u20134540.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.3044452"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierre Lebreton and Kazuhisa Yamagishi. 2023. Quitting ratio-based bitrate ladder selection mechanism for adaptive bitrate video streaming. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 99 (2023) 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2023.3237168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"Kuan-Yu Lee. 2022. The GitHub of User Study Testbed. Retrieved August 5 2024 from https:\/\/reurl.cc\/dLXnYg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","unstructured":"Kuan-Yu Lee. 2023. The GitHub of QoE Data and Model. Retrieved August 5 2024 from https:\/\/reurl.cc\/v0e0Ya"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of International Workshop on Immersive Mixed and Virtual Environment Systems (MMVE)","author":"Lee Kuan-Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kuan-Yu Lee, Jia-Wei Fang, Yuan-Chun Sun, and Cheng-Hsin Hsu. 2023. Modeling gamer Quality-of-Experience using a real cloud VR gaming testbed. In Proceedings of the of International Workshop on Immersive Mixed and Virtual Environment Systems (MMVE), 12\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","author":"Li Jie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jie Li, Ransheng Feng, Zhi Liu, Wei Sun, and Qiyue Li. 2018. Modeling QoE of virtual reality video transmission over wireless networks. In Proceedings of the of IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 1\u20137."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3423328.3423497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Multimedia","author":"Li Ze-Nian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ze-Nian Li, Mark S. Drew, and Jiangchuan Liu. 2014. Fundamentals of Multimedia (2nd ed.). Chapter 8,12.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanwei Liu Jinxia Liu Antonios Argyriou and Song Ci. 2018. MEC-assisted panoramic VR video streaming over millimeter wave mobile networks. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 21 5 (2018) 1302\u20131316.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2018.2876044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","unstructured":"Netflix. 2021. The Github of Pre-Trained VMAF Models. Retrieved August 5 2024 from https:\/\/reurl.cc\/zrvgya"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","unstructured":"Nvidia. 2020. The Official Website of NVIDIA CloudXR. Retrieved August 5 2024 from https:\/\/reurl.cc\/10djxm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","unstructured":"Fabian Pedregosa Ga\u00ebl Varoquaux Alexandre Gramfort Vincent Michel Bertrand Thirion Olivier Grisel Mathieu Blondel Peter Prettenhofer Ron Weiss Vincent Dubourg Jake Vanderplas Alexandre Passos David Cournapeau Matthieu Brucher Matthieu Perrot and \u00c9douard Duchesnay. 2011. Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python. Journal of Machine Learning Research 12 (2011) 2825\u20132830."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)","author":"P\u00e9rez Pablo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pablo P\u00e9rez, Nuria Oyaga, Jaime J. Ruiz, and Alvaro Villegas. 2018. Towards systematic analysis of cybersickness in high motion omnidirectional video. In Proceedings of the of International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), 1\u20133."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefano Petrangeli Jeroen Famaey Maxim Claeys Steven Latr\u00e9 and Filip De Turck. 2015. QoE-driven rate adaptation heuristic for fair adaptive video streaming. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications 12 2 (2015) 1\u201324.","DOI":"10.1145\/2818361"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys)","author":"Raca Darijo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Darijo Raca, Dylan Leahy, Cormac J. Sreenan, and Jason J. Quinlan. 2020. Beyond throughput, the next generation: A 5G dataset with channel and context metrics. In Proceedings of the of ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys), 303\u2013308."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","unstructured":"ALVR Repository. 2019. The GitHub of ALVR. Retrieved August 5 2024 from https:\/\/reurl.cc\/rrQ9y4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","unstructured":"ALXR Repository. 2021. The GitHub of ALXR. Retrieved August 5 2024 from https:\/\/reurl.cc\/xLOa5L"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","first-page":"492","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC)","author":"Sackl Andreas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andreas Sackl, Raimund Schatz, Tobias Hossfeld, Florian Metzger, David Lister, and Ralf Irmer. 2016. QoE management made uneasy: the case of cloud gaming. In Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC), 492\u2013497."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB)","author":"Shen Yun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yun Shen, Peng Ding, Yuyin Xue, and Yaqi Song. 2022. A QoE-driven adaptive transmission scheme for streaming media service. In Proceedings of the of IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), 1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashutosh Singla. 2024. Assessment of Visual Quality and Simulator Sickness for Omnidirectional Videos. Springer Cham.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-49988-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)","author":"Singla Ashutosh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ashutosh Singla, Stephan Fremerey, Werner Robitza, and Alexander Raake. 2017. Measuring and comparing QoE and simulator sickness of omnidirectional videos in different head mounted displays. In Proceedings of the of International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1109\/VR50410.2021.00041","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)","author":"Singla Ashutosh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashutosh Singla, Steve G\u00f6ring, Dominik Keller, Rakesh Rao Ramachandra Rao, Stephan Fremerey, and Alexander Raake. 2021. Assessment of the simulator sickness questionnaire for omnidirectional videos. In Proceedings of the of Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), 198\u2013206."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","volume-title":"Quality of Experience Driven Video Encoding Adaptation Strategies for Cloud Gaming Under Network Constraints","author":"Slivar Ivan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ivan Slivar. 2021. Quality of Experience Driven Video Encoding Adaptation Strategies for Cloud Gaming Under Network Constraints. Ph.D. Dissertation. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of ACM International Conference on Multimedia Systems (MMSys)","author":"Slivar Ivan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ivan Slivar, Lea Skorin-Kapov, and Mirko Suznjevic. 2016. Cloud gaming QoE models for deriving video encoding adaptation strategies. In Proceedings of the of ACM International Conference on Multimedia Systems (MMSys), 1\u201312."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)","author":"Slivar Ivan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ivan Slivar, Mirko Suznjevic, and Lea Skorin-Kapov. 2015. The impact of video encoding parameters and game type on QoE for cloud gaming: a case study using the steam platform. In Proceedings of the of IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1145\/3534085.3534341","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of ACM Workshop on Games Systems (GameSys)","author":"Slivar Ivan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ivan Slivar, Sara Vlahovic, Matko Silic, Lea Skorin-Kapov, and Mirko Suznjevic. 2022. The impact of network and social context on quality of experience for competitive multiplayer virtual reality games. In Proceedings of the of ACM Workshop on Games Systems (GameSys), 16\u201321."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashkan Sobhani Abdulsalam Yassine and Shervin Shirmohammadi. 2017. A video bitrate adaptation and prediction mechanism for HTTP adaptive streaming. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications 13 2 (2017) 1\u201325.","DOI":"10.1145\/3052822"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charles Spearman. 1961. The proof and measurement of association between two things. American Journal of Psychology 15 (1961) 72\u2013101.","DOI":"10.2307\/1412159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW)","author":"Suznjevic Mirko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mirko Suznjevic, Justus Beyer, Lea Skorin-Kapov, Sebastian Moller, and Nikola Sorsa. 2014. Towards understanding the relationship between game type and network traffic for cloud gaming. In Proceedings of the of International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW), 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)","author":"Tran Huyen T. T.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huyen T. T. Tran, Nam Pham Ngoc, Cuong T. Pham, Yong Ju Jung, and Truong Cong Thang. 2017. A subjective study on QoE of 360 video for VR communication. In Proceedings of the of International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","first-page":"327","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE)","author":"Tran Huyen T. T.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huyen T. T. Tran, Nam Pham Ngoc, and Truong Cong Thang. 2021. Towards an overall QoE model for 360-degree video. In Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), 327\u2013331."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","unstructured":"Jonathan Vanian. 2023. Meta's Heated Rivalry with Apple Enters New Phase as the Tech Giants Go After Headsets. Retrieved August 5 2024 from https:\/\/reurl.cc\/dmMr6V"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)","author":"Vlahovic Sara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sara Vlahovic, Mirko Suznjevic, and Lea Skorin-Kapov. 2019. The impact of network latency on gaming QoE for an FPS VR game. In Proceedings of the of International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), 1\u20133."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sara Vlahovic Mirko Suznjevic and Lea Skorin-Kapov. 2022. A survey of challenges and methods for Quality of Experience assessment of interactive VR applications. Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces 16 3 (2022) 257\u2013291.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12193-022-00388-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaoxuan Wang and Sujit Dey. 2012. Cloud mobile gaming: Modeling and measuring user experience in mobile wireless networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review 16 1 (2012) 10\u201321.","DOI":"10.1145\/2331675.2331679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","first-page":"224","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","author":"Wang Ziwei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ziwei Wang and Xiuhua Jiang. 2019. A QoE-driven rate adaptation approach for dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP. In Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 224\u2013229."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)","author":"Yao Shun-Huai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shun-Huai Yao, Ching-Ling Fan, and Cheng-Hsin Hsu. 2019. Towards quality-of-experience models for watching 360 videos in head-mounted virtual reality. In Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), 1\u20133."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)","author":"Zadtootaghaj Saman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saman Zadtootaghaj, Steven Schmidt, and Sebastian M\u00f6ller. 2018. Modeling gaming QoE: Towards the impact of frame rate and bit rate on cloud gaming. In Proceedings of the of IEEE International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huadi Zhu Tianhao Li Chaowei Wang Wenqiang Jin Srinivasan Murali Mingyan Xiao Dongqing Ye and Ming Li. 2022. EyeQoE: A novel QoE assessment model for 360-degree videos using ocular behaviors. ACM Transactions on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 6 1 (2022) 1\u201326.","DOI":"10.1145\/3517240"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3680551","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:44:55Z","timestamp":1757619895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3680551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3680551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3680551","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-6857","type":"print"},{"value":"1551-6865","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}