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In fact, computer and data scientists admit potential unfairness residing in intelligent systems. Accordingly, various approaches have been proposed to make intelligent systems fair. However, the consideration of a fundamental issue is missing in current efforts to design fair intelligent systems:\n            <jats:italic>Fairness is in the eye of the beholder<\/jats:italic>\n            . That is, the concept of fairness is very often highly subjective in most domains. Based on the premise that fairness is subjective, we propose a framework to represent and quantify individuals\u2019 subjective fairness beliefs and provide methodologies to aggregate them. The proposed approach provides insight into how a population will assess the fairness of a decision or policy, which in turn can provide guidance for policy as well as designing intelligent systems.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3682070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T11:42:27Z","timestamp":1722598947000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Modeling Individual Fairness Beliefs and Its Applications"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7547-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenglong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management and Economics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1648-8173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varghese S.","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naveen Jindal School of Management, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4011-0170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young U.","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naveen Jindal School of Management, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-9935-0_14","volume-title":"Design and Implementation of Optimization Software","author":"Abadie J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"J. 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