{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T20:46:31Z","timestamp":1772484391844,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 62202055 and No. 62202016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 62202055 and No. 62202016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Start-up Fund from Beijing Normal University","award":["No. 310432104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 310432104"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Fund from BNU-HKBU United International College","award":["No. UICR0700018-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. UICR0700018-22"]}]},{"name":"Project of Young Innovative Talents of Guangdong Education Department","award":["No. 2022KQNCX102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2022KQNCX102"]}]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Intelligence SuperComputer Center, Beijing Normal University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming more and more popular in our daily life, which replaces traditional fuel vehicles to reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment. EVs need to be charged, but the number of charging piles in a Charging Station (CS) is limited, and charging is usually more time-consuming than fueling. According to this scenario, we propose a secure and efficient charging scheduling system based on a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)-blockchain and double-auction mechanism. In a smart area, it attempts to assign EVs to the available CSs in the light of their submitted charging requests and status information. First, we design a lightweight charging scheduling framework that integrates DAG-blockchain and modern cryptography technology to ensure security and scalability during performing scheduling and completing tradings. In this process, a constrained multi-item double-auction problem is formulated because of the limited charging resources in a CS, which motivates EVs and CSs in this area to participate in the market based on their preferences and statuses. Due to this constraint, our problem is more complicated and harder to achieve truthfulness as well as system efficiency compared to the existing double-auction model. To adapt to it, we propose two algorithms, namely, Truthful Mechanism for Charging (TMC) and Efficient Mechanism for Charging (EMC), to determine an assignment between EVs and CSs and pricing strategies. Then, both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show the correctness and effectiveness of our proposed algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3685932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T11:27:43Z","timestamp":1722425263000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Double Auction for Charging Scheduling among Vehicles Using DAG-Blockchains"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0994-3297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxiong","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China and Guangdong Key Lab of AI and Multi-Modal Data Processing, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8866-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingjian","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8747-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weili","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, United States"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7345-2185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ding-Zhu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, United States"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2023.103243"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC\u201921)","author":"Houda Zakaria Abou El","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zakaria Abou El Houda, Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid, and Lyes Khoukhi. 2021. Blockchain-based reverse auction for v2v charging in smart grid environment. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC\u201921). IEEE, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2023.3236408"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3190508.3190538"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2018.2882535"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2020.2987881"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","article-title":"Byteball: A decentralized system for storage and transfer of value","author":"Churyumov Anton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anton Churyumov. 2016. Byteball: A decentralized system for storage and transfer of value. Retrieved from https:\/\/byteball.org\/Byteball.pdf","journal-title":"Retrieved from"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2020.3040446"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2017.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3015980"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2020.3046556"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2022.3142438"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2967052"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2977036"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2903342"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2015.2430315"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2015.2487865"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s102070100002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2709784"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 25th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 16)","author":"Kogias Eleftherios Kokoris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias, Philipp Jovanovic, Nicolas Gailly, Ismail Khoffi, Linus Gasser, and Bryan Ford. 2016. Enhancing bitcoin security and performance with strong consistency via collective signing. In Proceedings of the 25th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 16). 279\u2013296."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","article-title":"Nano: A feeless distributed cryptocurrency network","author":"LeMahieu Colin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Colin LeMahieu. 2018. Nano: A feeless distributed cryptocurrency network. Nano. Retrieved from https:\/\/nano.org\/en\/whitepaper. Accessed 24-03-18","journal-title":"Nano. Retrieved from https:\/\/nano.org\/en\/whitepaper. Accessed 24-03-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3050339"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2835309"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0531(92)90091-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","unstructured":"Satoshi Nakamoto. 2008. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Retrieved from https:\/\/bitcoin.org\/bitcoin.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1642194.1642250"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","unstructured":"Serguei Popov. 2018. The tangle. White Paper 1 3 (2018) 30. https:\/\/cryptoverze.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/10012054\/IOTA-MIOTA-Whitepaper.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2869297"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3108527"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2023.3253604"},{"issue":"2014","key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger","volume":"151","author":"Wood Gavin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gavin Wood et\u00a0al. 2014. Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum Project Yellow Paper 151, 2014 (2014), 1\u201332.","journal-title":"Ethereum Project Yellow Paper"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2017.2659626"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2990443"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3061065"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2107502.2107514"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2015.2421897"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiwei Yang Long Shi Hui Liang and Wei Zhang. 2023. Trusted mobile edge computing: DAG blockchain-aided trust management and resource allocation. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 23 5 (2023) 5006\u20135018.","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3323974"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3109959"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3316481"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3581788","article-title":"Incentive mechanism with task bundling for mobile crowd sensing","volume":"19","author":"Zhang Yifan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yifan Zhang and Xinglin Zhang. 2023. Incentive mechanism with task bundling for mobile crowd sensing. ACM Trans. Sensor Netw. 19, 3 (2023), 1\u201323.","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Sensor Netw."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2022.3190814"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2019.2896323"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2941735"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2872458"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3685932","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3685932","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:17:26Z","timestamp":1750295846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3685932"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3685932"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3685932","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-4859","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-4867","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}