{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T17:57:25Z","timestamp":1776103045185,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CSCW2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Frontline workers (FLWs) provide essential services necessary for a functioning society, but the nature of their work contributes to their high rates of burnout. This burnout impacts not only their own health, but also has dire consequences for the people most in need of their services. Digital interventions for burnout may provide scalable, accessible, and cost-effective care. However, such interventions have been designed to intervene at the individual-level and have been inadequate in sustainably alleviating burnout. In addition, these interventions have not considered how we might integrate more effective organizational-level strategies or reflect FLWs' own experiences and the unique contexts of frontline work in their design. One important, yet understudied, domain of frontline work that experiences high rates of burnout is gender-based violence (GBV) service provision in nonprofit organizations. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we ran 8 co-design workshops with FLWs and supervisors from various nonprofit GBV organizations in a large metropolitan city in the United States to understand their experiences, hopes, and perceptions of technology for burnout support within their organizations. We found that participants greatly valued their support systems and supervisory relationships at work. And while there was a desire to use technology as support tools for burnout, participants were wary of how it could conflict with these support systems and important organizational values. We contribute a multilevel framework for digital burnout interventions and argue for a methodological shift to an assets-based approach, reframing the future of research and design of burnout interventions to center and reflect the needs, values, and lived experiences of FLWs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3686932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T15:52:40Z","timestamp":1731081160000},"page":"1-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Envisioning the Future of Burnout Support: Understanding Frontline Workers' Experiences in Nonprofit Gender-Based Violence Organizations"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0519-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connie W.","family":"Chau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern Unversity, Evanston, Illinois, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5734-3309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Studd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0989-2869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KAN-WIN &amp; ThreeSixty Journalism, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8878-1117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Network: Advocating Against Domestic Violence, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1489-487X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaylee Payne","family":"Kruzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8500-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maia","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1231266"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555531"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449169"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. [n. d.]. APA Dictionary of Psychology. https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/burnout"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2009.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00909882.2012.670257"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.2003.18.1.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2005.03494.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17092997"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s11369-021-00230--7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580831"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjep.2023.100661"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.9146"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519897340"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555135"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","unstructured":"Morgan Dewey. 2021. Domestic Violence Advocates are Essential Workers. https:\/\/www.dvawareness.org\/node\/73"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359225"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0896920520975465"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3-030--67322--2_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344949.345004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044--8325.1993.tb00514.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erap.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2023. Gender-based violence. https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/en-us\/gender-based-violence.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","unstructured":"Office for Victims of Crime. 2021. 2021 Report to the Nation. Technical Report. U.S. Department of Justice."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","volume-title":"Contested titles: Gendered violence victim advocacy and negotiating occupational stigma in social interactions. Ph","author":"Ganz Johnanna Joy","year":"1802","unstructured":"Johnanna Joy Ganz. 2015. Contested titles: Gendered violence victim advocacy and negotiating occupational stigma in social interactions. Ph.D. Bowling Green State University, United States -- Ohio. https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/docview\/1802973588\/abstract\/2B18B8CA4E6444CEPQ\/1 ISBN: 9781339772066."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","unstructured":"Thomas K.A. Serrata J.V. Lippy C. Nnawulezi N. Ghanbarpour S. Macy R. Sullivan C. & Bair-Merritt M.A Goodman L.A. 2017. Power through partnerships: A CBPR toolkit for domestic violence researchers. Technical Report. National Resource Center on Domestic Violence ."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615809608249401"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/swr\/svs003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3758"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/503376.503408"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/swra\/27.1.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555133"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359315"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2022.913599"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"Le Blanc and Wilmar B. Schaufeli","author":"Pascale","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pascale M. Le Blanc and Wilmar B. Schaufeli. 2008. Burnout Interventions: An Overview and Illustration. In Handbook of stress and burnout in health care, Jonathon R. B. Halbesleben (Ed.). Nova Science Publishers, New York, Chapter 15."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","volume-title":"Leiter and Christina Maslach","author":"Michael","year":"2014","unstructured":"Michael P. Leiter and Christina Maslach. 2014. Interventions to prevent and alleviate burnout. In Burnout at Work: A psychological perspective, Michael P. Leiter, Arnold B. Bakker, and Christina Maslach (Eds.). Psychology Press, Chapter 8, 19."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elizabeth Linos Krista Ruffini and Stephanie Wilcoxen. 2021. Reducing Burnout and Resignations among Frontline Workers: A Field Experiment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3846860","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3846860"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","volume-title":"NEEDS, AND INNOVATIONS OF GENDER?BASED VIOLENCE SERVICES DURING THE COVID?19 PANDEMIC.","author":"Lynch Kellie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kellie Lynch and TK Logan. 2021. ASSESSING CHALLENGES, NEEDS, AND INNOVATIONS OF GENDER?BASED VIOLENCE SERVICES DURING THE COVID?19 PANDEMIC. (2021). http:\/\/www.coercivecontrol.org\/docs\/Gender-Based%20Violence%20Services.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-097086--8.26009--1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20311"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","unstructured":"Mental Health America. 2020. Pandemic is taking a dangerous toll on the mental health of frontline healthcare workers. https:\/\/mhanational.org\/pandemic-taking-dangerous-toll-mental-health-frontline-healthcare-workers"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-015--9685-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3579492"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089090"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03033910.2011.613189"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-011-0352--1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2022.101550"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274396"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.4465"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557085113482727"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054414"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","unstructured":"Office for Victims of Crime. 2020. Best Practices for Training Frontline Violence Intervention Workers textbar OVC. https:\/\/ovc.ojp.gov\/library\/publications\/best-practices-training-frontline-violence-intervention-workers"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","unstructured":"Office of the Surgeon General. 2022. New Surgeon General Advisory Sounds Alarm on Health Worker Burnout and Resignation. https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/news\/2022\/05\/23\/new-surgeon-general-advisory-sounds-alarm-on-health-worker-burnout-and-resignation.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alex Pollock Pauline Campbell Joshua Cheyne Julie Cowie Bridget Davis Jacqueline McCallum Kris McGill Andrew Elders Suzanne Hagen Doreen McClurg Claire Torrens and Margaret Maxwell. 2020. Interventions to support the resilience and mental health of frontline health and social care professionals during and after a disease outbreak epidemic or pandemic: a mixed methods systematic review. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 11 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013779 Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013779"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580648"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","unstructured":"Ramya Emandi Jessamyn Encarnacion Papa Seck and Rea Jean Tabaco. 2021. Measuring the shadow pandemic: Violence against women during COVID-19 textbar UN Women Data Hub. Technical Report. UN Women. 21 pages. https:\/\/data.unwomen.org\/publications\/vaw-rga"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10105395221107139"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-023-08153-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","unstructured":"Johnny Salda\u00f1a. 2013. The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. SAGE."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263970"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09578239210008826"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012231207036"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452231952"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753353"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801209347469"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445092"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1718918.1718930"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_69_1","unstructured":"National Network to End Domestic Violence. 2023. NNEDV Announces Economic Justice and Domestic Violence Advisory Council Advocate Compensation Recommendations. https:\/\/nnedv.org\/latest_update\/nnedv-announces-economic-justice-and-domestic-violence-advisory-council-advocate-compensation-recommendations\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_70_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [n. d.]. Health Worker Burnout ? Current Priorities of the U. S. Surgeon General. https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/surgeongeneral\/priorities\/health-worker-burnout\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10401334.2021.1879651"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-018-0113-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3134740"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--1--4614--4391--9_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605231203610"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_76_1","unstructured":"UN Women. [n. d.]. Frequently asked questions: Tech-facilitated gender-based violence. https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/what-we-do\/ending-violence-against-women\/faqs\/tech-facilitated-gender-based-violence"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581528"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520983304"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.13087"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359139"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3501866"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3686932","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3686932","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T09:22:35Z","timestamp":1755768155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3686932"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CSCW2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3686932"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3686932","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}