{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:03:33Z","timestamp":1776114213256,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CSCW2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006374","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2210841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2210841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Extended reality (XR) technologies are becoming increasingly pervasive, and may have capacity to help marginalized groups such as transgender people. Drawing from interviews with n = 18 creators of trans technology, we examined how XR technologies do and can support trans people. We uncovered a number of creative ways that XR technologies support trans experiences. Trans technology creators are designing augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) systems that help people explore trans identity, experience new types of bodies, educate about and display trans stories and curated trans content, manipulate the physical world, and innovate gender-affirming surgical techniques. Additionally, we show how considering XR as an analogy for trans identity helps us to think about the fluidity and fluctuation inherent in trans identity in new ways, which in turn enables envisioning technologies that can better support complex and changing identities. Despite XR's potential for supporting trans people, current AR and VR systems face limitations that restrict their large-scale use, but as access to XR systems increase, so will their capacity to improve trans lives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3686972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T15:52:40Z","timestamp":1731081160000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Extended Reality Trans Technologies: Bridging Digital and Physical Worlds to Support Transgender People"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6552-4540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver L.","family":"Haimson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7029-488X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aloe","family":"DeGuia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2131-643X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rana","family":"Saber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sexual &amp; Gender Minority Health &amp; Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6407-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kat","family":"Brewster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411763.3451673"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327051HCI1523_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alex A Ahmed Levin Kim and Anna L Hoffmann. 2022. 'This app can help you change your voice': Authenticity and authority in mobile applications for transgender voice training. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies (April 2022) 135485652210794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13548565221079459","DOI":"10.1177\/13548565221079459"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3434167"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"What's the Use?: On the Uses of Use","author":"Ahmed Sara","unstructured":"Sara Ahmed. 2019. What's the Use?: On the Uses of Use. Duke University Press. Google-Books-ID: WkG6DwAAQBAJ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2022.100534"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.963459"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3461778.3461999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3472714.3473618"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3027063.3049272"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3--319--93692--5_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1100000049"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide","author":"Braun Virginia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2021. Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. SAGE. Google-Books-ID: eMArEAAAQBAJ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Burdea and Philippe Coiffet","author":"Grigore","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grigore C. Burdea and Philippe Coiffet. 2003. Virtual Reality Technology. John Wiley & Sons. Google-Books-ID: 0xWgPZbcz4AC."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15295036.2015.1129065"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.5423"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory","author":"Corbin Juliet","unstructured":"Juliet Corbin and Anselm Strauss. 2008. Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3527188.3563922"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"0","article-title":"Becoming Dragon: A Transversal Technology Study","volume":"0","author":"C\u00e1rdenas Micha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Micha C\u00e1rdenas. 2010. Becoming Dragon: A Transversal Technology Study. CTheory, Vol. 0, 0 (April 2010), 4--29\/2010. https:\/\/journals.uvic.ca\/index.php\/ctheory\/article\/view\/14680","journal-title":"CTheory"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Gender Outlaws: The Next Generation","author":"C\u00e1rdenas Micha","unstructured":"Micha C\u00e1rdenas. 2010. I am Transreal: a reflection on\/of Becoming Dragon. In Gender Outlaws: The Next Generation. Da Capo Press, 116--121. Google-Books-ID: N7htOu37OREC."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"The Transreal: Political Aesthetics of Crossing Realities","author":"C\u00e1rdenas Micha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Micha C\u00e1rdenas. 2011. The Transreal: Political Aesthetics of Crossing Realities. Atropos Press. Google-Books-ID: ks93tgAACAAJ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998192"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Where the Action Is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction","author":"Dourish Paul","unstructured":"Paul Dourish. 2001. Where the Action Is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2021.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.06.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"theyre all trans sharon': Authoring Gender in Video Game Fan Fiction","volume":"18","author":"Dym Brianna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brianna Dym, Jed Brubaker, and Casey Fiesler. 2018. 'theyre all trans sharon': Authoring Gender in Video Game Fan Fiction. Game Studies, Vol. 18, 3 (Dec. 2018). http:\/\/gamestudies.org\/1803\/articles\/brubaker_dym_fiesler","journal-title":"Game Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4000\/anthrovision.6563"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.15730.79040"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359328"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555153"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3502082"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Borko Furht (Ed.). 2011. Handbook of Augmented Reality. Springer New York New York NY. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978--1--4614-0064--6","DOI":"10.1007\/978--1--4614-0064--6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.28968\/cftt.v7i2.34839"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15240657.2022.2133525"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274332"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702270"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2675133.2675152"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2019.1678505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376669"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/23289252--2815255"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Discovering Gender Identity in the Digital Age: Using Virtual Reality as a Gender Affirming Therapeutic tool for Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Young Adults. Thesis","author":"Kane Stephanie","year":"1920","unstructured":"Stephanie Kane. 2021. Discovering Gender Identity in the Digital Age: Using Virtual Reality as a Gender Affirming Therapeutic tool for Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Young Adults. Thesis. George Mason University. http:\/\/mars.gmu.edu\/handle\/1920\/12139 Accepted: 2021--10--14T13:23:30Z."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274357"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3404218"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-017--9281--1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3392063.3394404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173703"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JET-03--2022-0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581481"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach","author":"Maxwell Joseph A.","unstructured":"Joseph A. Maxwell. 2012. Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach. SAGE Publications, Inc. https:\/\/us.sagepub.com\/en-us\/nam\/qualitative-research-design\/book234502"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays. IEICE Trans. Information Systems","author":"Milgram Paul","year":"1994","unstructured":"Paul Milgram and Fumio Kishino. 1994. A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays. IEICE Trans. Information Systems, Vol. vol. E77-D, no. 12 (Dec. 1994), 1321--1329."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203953365"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449231"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Time to Think 'Meta': A Critical Viewpoint on the Risks and Benefits of Virtual Worlds for Mental Health. JMIR Serious Games (Jan","author":"Paquin Vincent","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vincent Paquin, Manuela Ferrari, Harmehr Sekhon, and Soham Rej. 2023. Time to Think 'Meta': A Critical Viewpoint on the Risks and Benefits of Virtual Worlds for Mental Health. JMIR Serious Games (Jan. 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of International Conference of the Learning Sciences. 9.","author":"Par\u00e9 Dylan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dylan Par\u00e9. 2022. Extending 'othered' bodies into learning environments: Queer reorientations, virtual reality, and learning about gender and sexuality. In Proceedings of International Conference of the Learning Sciences. 9."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3-030--29489--2_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3450615.3464544"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3067767"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2021.3113455"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2013.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Codesigning emancipatory systems: a study on mobile applications and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) issues","volume":"9","author":"Pereira Guilherme C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guilherme C Pereira and M Cecilia C Baranauskas. 2018. Codesigning emancipatory systems: a study on mobile applications and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) issues. SBC Journal on Interactive Systems, Vol. 9, 3 (2018), 13. https:\/\/www.seer.ufrgs.br\/jis\/article\/view\/80234","journal-title":"SBC Journal on Interactive Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3434181"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2022.943696"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555858.3555882"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3272973.3274087"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","volume-title":"Frontiers in Psychology","volume":"11","author":"Lesur Marte Roel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marte Roel Lesur, Sonia Lyn, and Bigna Lenggenhager. 2020. How Does Embodying a Transgender Narrative Influence Social Bias? An Explorative Study in an Artistic Context. Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 11 (2020). https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01861"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51444\/ij.v17i02.394"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"Video Games Have Always Been Queer","author":"Ruberg Bo","unstructured":"Bo Ruberg. 2019. Video Games Have Always Been Queer. NYU Press. Google-Books-ID: e1ZxDwAAQBAJ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/cj.2022.0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581329"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","volume-title":"How Computers See Gender: An Evaluation of Gender Classification in Commercial Facial Analysis and Image Labeling Services. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"3","author":"Scheuerman Morgan Klaus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morgan Klaus Scheuerman, Jacob M. Paul, and Jed R. Brubaker. 2019. How Computers See Gender: An Evaluation of Gender Classification in Commercial Facial Analysis and Image Labeling Services. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 3, CSCW (Nov. 2019), 33. https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/3359246"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315222738"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/ajrs.2014.1006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562872211037111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3492841"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3432951"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3310425"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449082"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--1--4471-0277--9_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2022.672537"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3247065"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3686972","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3686972","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:44:46Z","timestamp":1755737086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3686972"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CSCW2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3686972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3686972","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}