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Thus, we explored the self-correction behavior of a virtual character with different intelligence capabilities in a within-group design (\n            <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n              <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\(N=23\\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            ) study. For this study, we developed a virtual character that can solve a jigsaw puzzle whose self-correction behavior is controlled by two parameters, namely,\n            <jats:italic>Intelligence<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Accuracy of Self-correction<\/jats:italic>\n            . Then, we integrated the virtual character into our virtual reality experience and asked participants to co-solve a jigsaw puzzle. During the study, our participants were exposed to five experimental conditions resulting from combinations of the\n            <jats:italic>Intelligence<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Accuracy of Self-correction<\/jats:italic>\n            parameters. In each condition, we asked our participants to respond to a survey examining their perceptions of the virtual character\u2019s intelligence and awareness (private, public, and surroundings awareness) and user experiences, including trust, enjoyment, performance, frustration, and desire for future interaction. We also collected application logs, including participants\u2019 dwell gaze data, completion times, and the number of puzzle pieces they placed to co-solve the jigsaw puzzle. The results of all the survey ratings and the completion time were statistically significant. Our results indicated that higher levels of\n            <jats:italic>Intelligence<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Accuracy of Self-correction<\/jats:italic>\n            enhanced not only our participants\u2019 perceptions of the virtual character\u2019s intelligence, awareness (private, public, and surroundings), trustworthiness, and performance but also increased their enjoyment and desire for future interaction with the virtual character while reducing their frustration and completion time. Moreover, we found that as the\n            <jats:italic>Intelligence<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Accuracy of Self-correction<\/jats:italic>\n            increased, participants had to place fewer puzzle pieces and needed less time to complete the jigsaw puzzle. Finally, regardless of the experimental condition to which we exposed our participants, they gazed at the virtual character for more time compared to the puzzle pieces and puzzle goal in the virtual environment.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3688006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T10:27:56Z","timestamp":1723285676000},"page":"1-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring the Effects of Self-Correction Behavior of an Intelligent Virtual Character during a Jigsaw Puzzle Co-Solving Task"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9459-4070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minsoo","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3574-788X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siqi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6297-2230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Koilias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece and University of the Peloponnese, Nafplio, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9423-3408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matias","family":"Volonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7732-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0955-7959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Mousas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR-Adjunct57072.2022.00122","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct \u201922)","author":"Acevedo Pedro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pedro Acevedo, Alejandra Magana, Christos Mousas, Yoselyn Walsh, Hector Will Pinto, and Bedrich Benes. 2022. 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