{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:51:41Z","timestamp":1790700701844,"version":"4.1.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":68,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3689031.3717457","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T06:25:20Z","timestamp":1742970320000},"page":"193-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Achilles: Efficient TEE-Assisted BFT Consensus via Rollback Resilient Recovery"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5253-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianyu","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SUSTech and Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems and Department of Computer Science and Engineering of SUSTech"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5084-802X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7903-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanlong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUSTech"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8745-5007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUSTech"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8006-7392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangshan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7585-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUSTech and Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems and Department of Computer Science and Engineering of SUSTech"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Achilles. Retrieved","author":"Wikipedia Achilles","year":"2023","unstructured":"Achilles - Wikipedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Achilles. Retrieved Feb, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/github.com\/baidu\/braft. Retrieved","author":"BRAFT.","year":"2025","unstructured":"BRAFT. https:\/\/github.com\/baidu\/braft. Retrieved January, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Intel SGX OpenSSL. Availableathttps:\/\/github.com\/intel\/intel-sgx-ssl.Retrieved May 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Salticidae","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salticidae: minimal C++ asynchronous network library. https:\/\/github.com\/Determinant\/salticidae. Retrieved May, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"SGX","year":"2022","unstructured":"SGX documentation: SGX create monotonic counter. https:\/\/software.intel.com\/en-us\/node\/696638. Retrieved Jun, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proc. of EuroSys","author":"Androulaki Elli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elli Androulaki, Artem Barger, Vita Bortnikov, Christian Cachin, Konstantinos Christidis, Angelo De Caro, David Enyeart, Christopher Ferris, Gennady Laventman, Yacov Manevich, Srinivasan Muralidharan, Chet Murthy, Binh Nguyen, Manish Sethi, Gari Singh, Keith Smith, Alessandro Sorniotti, Chrysoula Stathakopoulou, Marko Vukolic, Sharon Weed Cocco, and Jason Yellick. Hyperledger Fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. In Proc. of EuroSys, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-8667(03)00025-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3064176.3064213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SRDS53918.2021.00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Vivisecting the dissection: On the role of trusted components in BFT protocols. arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.05714","author":"Bessani Alysson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alysson Bessani, Miguel Correia, Tobias Distler, R\u00fcdiger Kapitza, Paulo Esteves-Verissimo, and Jiangshan Yu. Vivisecting the dissection: On the role of trusted components in BFT protocols. arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.05714, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2014.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2017.45"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SRDS47363.2019.00045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"The latest gossip on BFT consensus. CoRR, abs\/1807.04938","author":"Buchman Ethan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ethan Buchman, Jae Kwon, and Zarko Milosevic. The latest gossip on BFT consensus. CoRR, abs\/1807.04938, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proc. of OSDI","author":"Castro Miguel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Miguel Castro and Barbara Liskov. Practical Byzantine fault tolerance. In Proc. of OSDI, 1999."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1281100.1281103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2019.00023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1323293.1294280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Proc. of PODC","author":"Clement Allen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Allen Clement, Flavio Junqueira, Aniket Kate, and Rodrigo Rodrigues. On the (limited) power of non-equivocation. In Proc. of PODC, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Proc. of EuroSys","author":"Decouchant J\u00e9r\u00e9mie","year":"2022","unstructured":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Decouchant, David Kozhaya, Vincent Rahli, and Jiangshan Yu. Damysus: Streamlined BFT consensus leveraging trusted components. In Proc. of EuroSys, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS57955.2024.00095"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46214.2022.9833787"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Consensus in the presence of partial synchrony. Journal of the ACM (JACM), 35(2):288--323","author":"Dwork Cynthia","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cynthia Dwork, Nancy Lynch, and Larry Stockmeyer. Consensus in the presence of partial synchrony. Journal of the ACM (JACM), 35(2):288--323, 1988."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS51616.2021.00063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE55515.2023.00047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proc. of SOSP","author":"Gilad Yossi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yossi Gilad, Rotem Hemo, Silvio Micali, Georgios Vlachos, and Nickolai Zeldovich. Algorand: Scaling Byzantine agreements for cryptocurrencies. In Proc. of SOSP, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE51399.2021.00124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Dissecting BFT consensus: In trusted components we trust! In Proc. of EuroSys","author":"Gupta Suyash","year":"2023","unstructured":"Suyash Gupta, Sajjad Rahnama, Shubham Pandey, Natacha Crooks, and Mohammad Sadoghi. Dissecting BFT consensus: In trusted components we trust! In Proc. of EuroSys, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Dfinity technology overview series, consensus system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.04548","author":"Hanke Timo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Timo Hanke, Mahnush Movahedi, and Dominic Williams. Dfinity technology overview series, consensus system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.04548, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","first-page":"2005","volume-title":"Linux conf au","author":"Stephen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stephen Hemminger et al. Network emulation with NetEm. In Linux conf au, page 2005, 2005."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2487726.2488370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2023.3308848"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Proc. of EuroSys","author":"Kapitza R\u00fcdiger","year":"2012","unstructured":"R\u00fcdiger Kapitza, Johannes Behl, Christian Cachin, Tobias Distler, Simon Kuhnle, Seyed Vahid Mohammadi, Wolfgang Schr\u00f6der-Preikschat, and Klaus Stengel. CheapBFT: Resource-efficient Byzantine fault tolerance. In Proc. of EuroSys, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"AMD SEV-SNP: Strengthening VM isolation with integrity protection and more. Technical report","author":"Kaplan David","year":"2020","unstructured":"David Kaplan, Jeremy Powell, and Tom Woller. AMD SEV-SNP: Strengthening VM isolation with integrity protection and more. Technical report, Advanced Micro Devices Inc., 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Tomasz \u017burkowski, Pawe\u0142 T Wojciechowski, and Andr\u00e9 Schiper. Jpaxos: State machine replication based on the paxos protocol.","author":"Ko\u0144czak Jan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jan Ko\u0144czak, Nuno Filipe de Sousa Santos, Tomasz \u017burkowski, Pawe\u0142 T Wojciechowski, and Andr\u00e9 Schiper. Jpaxos: State machine replication based on the paxos protocol. 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proc. of NSDI","author":"Levin Dave","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dave Levin, John (JD) Douceur, Jay Lorch, and Thomas Moscibroda. Trinc: Small trusted hardware for large distributed systems. In Proc. of NSDI, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Proc. of SOSP","author":"Lind Joshua","year":"2019","unstructured":"Joshua Lind, Oded Naor, Ittay Eyal, Florian Kelbert, Emin G\u00fcn Sirer, and Peter Pietzuch. Teechain: A secure payment network with asynchronous blockchain access. In Proc. of SOSP, page 63--79, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"Barbara Liskov and James Cowling. Viewstamped replication revisited. Technical Report MIT-CSAIL-TR-2012-021 MIT 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2018.2860009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3689031.3696102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Hotstuff-2: Optimal two-phase responsive BFT. Cryptology ePrint Archive","author":"Malkhi Dahlia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dahlia Malkhi and Kartik Nayak. Hotstuff-2: Optimal two-phase responsive BFT. Cryptology ePrint Archive, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","first-page":"426","volume-title":"Prof. of DSN","author":"Martin Andr\u00e9","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9 Martin, Cong Lian, Franz Gregor, Robert Krahn, Valerio Schiavoni, Pascal Felber, and Christof Fetzer. ADAM-CS: Advanced asynchronous monotonic counter service. In Prof. of DSN, pages 426--437, 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Proc. of USENIX Security","author":"Matetic Sinisa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sinisa Matetic, Mansoor Ahmed, Kari Kostiainen, Aritra Dhar, David Sommer, Arthur Gervais, Ari Juels, and Srdjan Capkun. ROTE: Rollback protection for trusted execution. In Proc. of USENIX Security, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Signature-free asynchronous binary Byzantine consensus with t &lt","author":"Most\u00e9faoui Achour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Achour Most\u00e9faoui, Hamouma Moumen, and Michel Raynal. Signature-free asynchronous binary Byzantine consensus with t &lt; n\/3, o (n2) messages, and o (1) expected time. Journal of the ACM (JACM), 62(4):1--21, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3477132.3483584"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Proc. of CCS","author":"Niu Jianyu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jianyu Niu, Wei Peng, Xiaokuan Zhang, and Yinqian Zhang. Narrator: Secure and practical state continuity for trusted execution in the cloud. In Proc. of CCS, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Retrieved Feburary","author":"Niu Jianyu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jianyu Niu, Xiaoqing Wen, Guanlong Wu, Shenqi Liu, Jianshan Yu, and Yinqian Zhang. Achilles: Efficient TEE-Assisted BFT Consensus via Rollback Resilient Recovery. https:\/\/github.com\/1wenwen1\/Achilles\/tree\/main\/doc. Retrieved Feburary, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","first-page":"305","volume-title":"Proc. of ATC","author":"Ongaro Diego","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diego Ongaro and John Ousterhout. In search of an understandable consensus algorithm. In Proc. of ATC, pages 305--319, June 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Proc. of USENIX Security","author":"Oprea Alina","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alina Oprea and Michael K Reiter. Integrity checking in cryptographic file systems with constant trusted storage. In Proc. of USENIX Security, pages 183--198, 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Proc. of S&P","author":"Parno Bryan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bryan Parno, Jacob R. Lorch, John R. Douceur, James Mickens, and Jonathan M. McCune. Memoir: Practical state continuity for protected modules. In Proc. of S&P, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2024.3381973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.00067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Microsoft Research and Microsoft Azure","author":"Russinovich Mark","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mark Russinovich, Edward Ashton, Christine Avanessians, Miguel Castro, Amaury Chamayou, Sylvan Clebsch, Manuel Costa, C\u00e9dric Fournet, Matthew Kerner, Sid Krishna, et al. CCF: A framework for building confidential verifiable replicated services. Technical report, Microsoft Research and Microsoft Azure, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1179474.1179485"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"JSys","author":"Stathakopoulou Chrysoula","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chrysoula Stathakopoulou, Tudor David, and Marko Vukoli\u0107. Mir-BFT: Scalable and robust BFT for decentralized networks. In JSys, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3492321.3519579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2664243.2664259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Proc. of USENIX Security","author":"Strackx Raoul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raoul Strackx and Frank Piessens. Ariadne: A minimal approach to state continuity. In Proc. of USENIX Security, 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Proc. of SOSP","author":"Suri-Payer Florian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Florian Suri-Payer, Matthew Burke, Zheng Wang, Yunhao Zhang, Lorenzo Alvisi, and Natacha Crooks. Basil: Breaking up BFT with ACID (transactions). In Proc. of SOSP, 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544216.3544232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1314354.1314364"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2011.221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"Proc. of CCS","author":"Wang Weili","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weili Wang, Sen Deng, Jianyu Niu, Michael K. Reiter, and Yinqian Zhang. Engraft: Enclave-guarded Raft on Byzantine faulty nodes. In Proc. of CCS, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-62645-6_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger Byzantium version. Ethereum project yellow paper","author":"Wood Gavin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gavin Wood. Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger Byzantium version. Ethereum project yellow paper, pages 1--32, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Proc. of OPODIS","author":"Yandamuri Sravya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sravya Yandamuri, Ittai Abraham, Kartik Nayak, and Michael K. Reiter. Communication-efficient BFT using small trusted hardware to tolerate minority corruption. In Proc. of OPODIS, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"Proc. of PODC","author":"Yin Maofan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maofan Yin, Dahlia Malkhi, Michael K. Reiter, Guy Golan Gueta, and Ittai Abraham. HotStuff: BFT consensus with linearity and responsiveness. In Proc. of PODC, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45855.2022.9839169"}],"event":{"name":"EuroSys '25: Twentieth European Conference on Computer Systems","location":"Rotterdam Netherlands","acronym":"EuroSys '25","sponsor":["SIGOPS ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Twentieth European Conference on Computer Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3689031.3717457","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3689031.3717457","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T11:18:48Z","timestamp":1755775128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3689031.3717457"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3689031.3717457","10.1145\/3689031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3689031.3717457","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}