{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T08:56:19Z","timestamp":1778316979988,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":51,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Center Trustworthy Data Science and Security"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006374","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 2092 CASA - 390781972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2092 CASA - 390781972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3689939.3695779","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T18:21:00Z","timestamp":1732040460000},"page":"89-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Patching FPGAs: The Security Implications of Bitstream Modifications"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1661-6024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Endres","family":"Puschner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy, Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0685-2541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maik","family":"Ender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy, Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7526-5597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruhr University Bochum &amp; Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy, Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8681-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christof","family":"Paar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy, Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3633204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13154\/tches.v2020.i4.309--336"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3338508.3359575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FPL.2012.6339165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Visualize and Manipulate FPGAs Bitstream. In ARCS Workshop 2018; 31th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems. 1--4.","author":"Bozzoli Ludovica","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ludovica Bozzoli and Luca Sterpone. 2018. COMET: a Configuration Memory Tool to Analyze, Visualize and Manipulate FPGAs Bitstream. In ARCS Workshop 2018; 31th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems. 1--4."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13389-015-0103--4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDT.2013.2247460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE.2017.7927114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2012.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"FPGA Bitstream Security: A Day in the Life. 2019 IEEE International Test Conference (ITC)","author":"Duncan Adam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adam Duncan, Fahim Rahman, Andrew Lukefahr, Farimah Farahmandi, and Mark Mohammad Tehranipoor. 2019. FPGA Bitstream Security: A Day in the Life. 2019 IEEE International Test Conference (ITC) (2019), 1--10. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:211227213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"HAL - The Hardware Analyzer. https:\/\/github.com\/emsec\/hal Retrieved","author":"Embedded Security Group","year":"2024","unstructured":"Embedded Security Group. 2019. HAL - The Hardware Analyzer. https:\/\/github.com\/emsec\/hal Retrieved July 4, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3--319--70694--8_26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FCCM53951.2022.9786118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 20)","author":"Ender Maik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maik Ender, Amir Moradi, and Christof Paar. 2020. The Unpatchable Silicon: A Full Break of the Bitstream Encryption of Xilinx 7-Series FPGAs. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 20). USENIX Association, 1803--1819. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity20\/presentation\/ender"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287624.3288742"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HOST55118.2023.10133494"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/github.com\/f-secure-foundry\/advisories\/blob\/master\/Security_Advisory-Ref_FSC-HWSEC-VR2019-0001-Xilinx_ZU-Encrypt_Only_Secure_Boot_bypass.txt Retrieved","year":"2024","unstructured":"F-Secure. 2019. CVE-2019--5478. https:\/\/github.com\/f-secure-foundry\/advisories\/blob\/master\/Security_Advisory-Ref_FSC-HWSEC-VR2019-0001-Xilinx_ZU-Encrypt_Only_Secure_Boot_bypass.txt Retrieved July 4, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Project X-Ray -- Xilinx Series 7 Bitstream Documentation. https:\/\/github.com\/f4pga\/prjxray Retrieved","year":"2024","unstructured":"f4pga. 2017. Project X-Ray -- Xilinx Series 7 Bitstream Documentation. https:\/\/github.com\/f4pga\/prjxray Retrieved July 4, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the the 9th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines. IEEE Computer Society, USA, 41--50","author":"Graham Paul","year":"2001","unstructured":"Paul Graham, Brent Nelson, and Brad Hutchings. 2001. Instrumenting Bitstreams for Debugging FPGA Circuits. In Proceedings of the the 9th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines. IEEE Computer Society, USA, 41--50."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2022.i1.69--93"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NAECON.2018.8556746"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2021.i1.279--304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FCCM.2014.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ReConFig.2016.7857187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FPL57034.2022.00039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Jatin Kataria Rick Housley Joseph Pantoga and Ang Cui. 2019. Defeating Cisco Trust Anchor: A Case-Study of Recent Advancements in Direct FPGA Bitstream Manipulation. In WOOT @ USENIX Security Symposium. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:201803833"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simon Klix Nils Albartus Julian Speith Paul Staat Alice Verstege Annika Wilde Daniel Lammers J\u00f6rn Langheinrich Christian Kison Sebastian Sester-Wehle Daniel Holcomb and Christof Paar. 2024. Stealing Maggie's Secrets -- On the Challenges of IP Theft Through FPGA Reverse Engineering. arxiv: 2312.06195 [cs.CR] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2312.06195","DOI":"10.1145\/3658644.3690235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ReConFig.2008.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FCCM.2018.00030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13154\/tches.v2018.i3.573--595"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISVLSI.2018.00080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2435264.2435282"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Constructive Side-Channel Analysis and Secure Design","author":"Moradi Amir","unstructured":"Amir Moradi and Tobias Schneider. 2016. Improved Side-Channel Analysis Attacks on Xilinx Bitstream Encryption of 5, 6, and 7 Series. In Constructive Side-Channel Analysis and Secure Design. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 71--87."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3331507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE48585.2020.9116222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE58400.2024.10546550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LES.2020.3015092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"SUMP: FPGA Based Logic Analyzer. https:\/\/www.sump.org\/projects\/analyzer\/ Retrieved","author":"Poppitz Michael","year":"2006","unstructured":"Michael Poppitz. 2006. SUMP: FPGA Based Logic Analyzer. https:\/\/www.sump.org\/projects\/analyzer\/ Retrieved October 15, 2023 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","first-page":"1542","article-title":"An End-to-End Bitstream Tamper Attack Against Flip-Chip FPGAs. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2021\/1542","volume":"2021","author":"Rahman Fahim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fahim Rahman, Farimah Farahmandi, and Mark Tehranipoor. 2021. An End-to-End Bitstream Tamper Attack Against Flip-Chip FPGAs. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2021\/1542. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, Vol. 2021 (2021), 1542. https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2021\/1542 https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2021\/1542.","journal-title":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"OpenOCD -- the Open On-Chip Debugger. https:\/\/openocd.org Retrieved","author":"Rath Dominic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dominic Rath. 2005. OpenOCD -- the Open On-Chip Debugger. https:\/\/openocd.org Retrieved July 4, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Free\/Libre\/Open-Source signal analysis software suite. https:\/\/sigrok.org Retrieved","year":"2024","unstructured":"sigrok. 2010. Sigrok -- portable, cross-platform, Free\/Libre\/Open-Source signal analysis software suite. https:\/\/sigrok.org Retrieved July 4, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978--3--642--33027--8_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/www.veripool.com\/verilator Retrieved","author":"Snyder Wilson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wilson Snyder, Paul Wasson, and Duane Galbi. 2007. Verilator. https:\/\/www.veripool.com\/verilator Retrieved July 4, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46214.2022.9833631"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2016.2646367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13389-016-0132--7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2015.2399455"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Vivado Design Suite User Guide -- Programming and Debugging (UG908). https:\/\/docs.xilinx.com\/v\/u\/2020.1-English\/ug908-vivado-programming-debugging Retrieved","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xilinx. 2020. Vivado Design Suite User Guide -- Programming and Debugging (UG908). https:\/\/docs.xilinx.com\/v\/u\/2020.1-English\/ug908-vivado-programming-debugging Retrieved July 4, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Cryptography or: Should We Trust Capstone. In Advances in Cryptology -- CRYPTO '96","author":"Young Adam","unstructured":"Adam Young and Moti Yung. 1996. The Dark Side of \u201cBlack-Box\u201d Cryptography or: Should We Trust Capstone. In Advances in Cryptology -- CRYPTO '96. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 89--103."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics7100246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2901949"}],"event":{"name":"CCS '24: ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","location":"Salt Lake City UT USA","acronym":"CCS '24","sponsor":["SIGSAC ACM Special Interest Group on Security, Audit, and Control"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2024 Workshop on Attacks and Solutions in Hardware Security"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3689939.3695779","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3689939.3695779","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T18:20:27Z","timestamp":1755973227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3689939.3695779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3689939.3695779","10.1145\/3689939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3689939.3695779","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}