{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T04:03:29Z","timestamp":1750565009169,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":73,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0020290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0020290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PHY-2012023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHY-2012023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"QuSEC","award":["OMA-2326787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OMA-2326787"]}]},{"name":"CQN","award":["EEC-1941583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EEC-1941583"]}]},{"name":"DOE\/LBNL QSA","award":["DE-AC02-05CH11231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02-05CH11231"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011039","name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF-23-2-0219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-23-2-0219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011039","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HR0011-23-3-0012, HR0011-24-9-0359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR0011-23-3-0012, HR0011-24-9-0359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006919","name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Patrons of Physics Fellows Society"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Patrons of Physics Fellows Society"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006919","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ramsay Centre for Western Civilisation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007229","name":"Harvard University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Generation Q G2 fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Generation Q G2 fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3695053.3731069","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T16:46:17Z","timestamp":1750437977000},"page":"257-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Constant-Rate Entanglement Distillation for Fast Quantum Interconnects"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0118-5257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Pattison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA and QuEra Computing, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5920-2972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gefen","family":"Baranes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5518-7907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Bonilla Ataides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8658-1007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail D.","family":"Lukin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2148-8856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hengyun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QuEra Computing, Boston, Massachusetts, USA and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M.\u00a0H. Abobeih Y. Wang J. Randall S.\u00a0J.\u00a0H. Loenen C.\u00a0E. Bradley M. Markham D.\u00a0J. Twitchen B.\u00a0M. Terhal and T.\u00a0H. Taminiau. 2022. Fault-tolerant operation of a logical qubit in a diamond quantum processor. Nature 2022 (2022) 1\u20131. 10.1038\/s41586-022-04819-6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04819-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rajeev Acharya Igor Aleiner Richard Allen Trond\u00a0I. Andersen Markus Ansmann Frank Arute Kunal Arya Abraham Asfaw Juan Atalaya Ryan Babbush Dave Bacon Joseph\u00a0C. Bardin Joao Basso Andreas Bengtsson Sergio Boixo Gina Bortoli Alexandre Bourassa Jenna Bovaird Leon Brill Michael Broughton Bob\u00a0B. Buckley David\u00a0A. Buell Tim Burger Brian Burkett Nicholas Bushnell Yu Chen Zijun Chen Ben Chiaro Josh Cogan Roberto Collins Paul Conner William Courtney Alexander\u00a0L. Crook Ben Curtin Dripto\u00a0M. Debroy Alexander Del Toro Barba Sean Demura Andrew Dunsworth Daniel Eppens Catherine Erickson Lara Faoro Edward Farhi Reza Fatemi Leslie Flores Burgos Ebrahim Forati Austin\u00a0G. Fowler Brooks Foxen William Giang Craig Gidney Dar Gilboa Marissa Giustina Alejandro Grajales Dau Jonathan\u00a0A. Gross Steve Habegger Michael\u00a0C. Hamilton Matthew\u00a0P. Harrigan Sean\u00a0D. Harrington Oscar Higgott Jeremy Hilton Markus Hoffmann Sabrina Hong Trent Huang Ashley Huff William\u00a0J. Huggins Lev\u00a0B. Ioffe Sergei\u00a0V. Isakov Justin Iveland Evan Jeffrey Zhang Jiang Cody Jones Pavol Juhas Dvir Kafri Kostyantyn Kechedzhi Julian Kelly Tanuj Khattar Mostafa Khezri M\u00e1ria Kieferov\u00e1 Seon Kim Alexei Kitaev Paul\u00a0V. Klimov Andrey\u00a0R. Klots Alexander\u00a0N. Korotkov Fedor Kostritsa John\u00a0Mark Kreikebaum David Landhuis Pavel Laptev Kim\u00a0Ming Lau Lily Laws Joonho Lee Kenny Lee Brian\u00a0J. Lester Alexander Lill Wayne Liu Aditya Locharla Erik Lucero Fionn\u00a0D. Malone Jeffrey Marshall Orion Martin Jarrod\u00a0R. McClean Trevor McCourt Matt McEwen Anthony Megrant Bernardo Meurer Costa Xiao Mi Kevin\u00a0C. Miao Masoud Mohseni Shirin Montazeri Alexis Morvan Emily Mount Wojciech Mruczkiewicz Ofer Naaman Matthew Neeley Charles Neill Ani Nersisyan Hartmut Neven Michael Newman Jiun\u00a0How Ng Anthony Nguyen Murray Nguyen Murphy\u00a0Yuezhen Niu Thomas\u00a0E. O\u2019Brien Alex Opremcak John Platt Andre Petukhov Rebecca Potter Leonid\u00a0P. Pryadko Chris Quintana Pedram Roushan Nicholas\u00a0C. Rubin Negar Saei Daniel Sank Kannan Sankaragomathi Kevin\u00a0J. Satzinger Henry\u00a0F. Schurkus Christopher Schuster Michael\u00a0J. Shearn Aaron Shorter Vladimir Shvarts Jindra Skruzny Vadim Smelyanskiy W.\u00a0Clarke Smith George Sterling Doug Strain Marco Szalay Alfredo Torres Guifre Vidal Benjamin Villalonga Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller Theodore White Cheng Xing Z.\u00a0Jamie Yao Ping Yeh Juhwan Yoo Grayson Young Adam Zalcman Yaxing Zhang and Ningfeng Zhu. 2023. Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit. Nature 614 7949 (2023) 676\u2013681. 10.1038\/s41586-022-05434-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05434-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"James Ang Gabriella Carini Yanzhu Chen Isaac Chuang Michael Demarco Sophia Economou Alec Eickbusch Andrei Faraon Kai-Mei Fu Steven Girvin Michael Hatridge Andrew Houck Paul Hilaire Kevin Krsulich Ang Li Chenxu Liu Yuan Liu Margaret Martonosi David McKay Jim Misewich Mark Ritter Robert Schoelkopf Samuel Stein Sara Sussman Hong Tang Wei Tang Teague Tomesh Norm Tubman Chen Wang Nathan Wiebe Yong-Xin Yao Dillon Yost and Yiyu Zhou. 2024. ARQUIN: Architectures for Multinode Superconducting Quantum Computers. ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing 5 3 (2024) 1\u201359. 10.1145\/3674151","DOI":"10.1145\/3674151"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"Nicolas Aragon Paulo Barreto Slim Bettaieb Lo\u00efc Bidoux Olivier Blazy Jean-Christophe Deneuville Philippe Gaborit Santosh Ghosh Shay Gueron Tim G\u00fcneysu et\u00a0al. 2022. BIKE: bit flipping key encapsulation. (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koji Azuma Sophia\u00a0E. Economou David Elkouss Paul Hilaire Liang Jiang Hoi-Kwong Lo and Ilan Tzitrin. 2023. Quantum repeaters: From quantum networks to the quantum internet. Rev. Mod. Phys. 95 (Dec 2023) 045006. Issue 4. 10.1103\/RevModPhys.95.045006","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.95.045006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"G. Baranes. 2024. Source code available at: https:\/\/github.com\/gefenbaranes\/ConstantRateDistillation."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_2","unstructured":"Charles\u00a0H. Bennett and Gilles Brassard. 1984. An update on quantum cryptography. Workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques (1984)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Charles\u00a0H. Bennett Gilles Brassard Sandu Popescu Benjamin Schumacher John\u00a0A. Smolin and William\u00a0K. Wootters. 1996. Purification of Noisy Entanglement and Faithful Teleportation via Noisy Channels. Physical Review Letters 76 5 (1996) 722. 10.1103\/PhysRevLett.76.722","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.76.722"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charles\u00a0H Bennett David\u00a0P DiVincenzo John\u00a0A Smolin and William\u00a0K Wootters. 1996. Mixed-state entanglement and quantum error correction. Physical Review A 54 5 (1996) 3824.","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.54.3824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_2","unstructured":"Daniel\u00a0J Bernstein Tung Chou Tanja Lange Ingo von Maurich Rafael Misoczki Ruben Niederhagen Edoardo Persichetti Christiane Peters Peter Schwabe Nicolas Sendrier et\u00a0al. [n. d.]. Classic McEliece: conservative code-based cryptography. ([n. d.])."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dolev Bluvstein Simon\u00a0J. Evered Alexandra\u00a0A. Geim Sophie\u00a0H. Li Hengyun Zhou Tom Manovitz Sepehr Ebadi Madelyn Cain Marcin Kalinowski Dominik Hangleiter J.\u00a0Pablo Bonilla Ataides Nishad Maskara Iris Cong Xun Gao Pedro Sales Rodriguez Thomas Karolyshyn Giulia Semeghini Michael\u00a0J. Gullans Markus Greiner Vladan Vuleti\u0107 and Mikhail\u00a0D. Lukin. 2024. Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays. Nature 626 7997 (2024) 58\u201365. 10.1038\/s41586-023-06927-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06927-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FOCS.2009.36"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harry Buhrman and Hein R\u00f6hrig. 2003. Distributed quantum computing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2747 (2003) 1\u201320. 10.1007\/978-3-540-45138-9_1\/COVER","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45138-9_1\/COVER"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Madelyn Cain Chen Zhao Hengyun Zhou Nadine Meister J.\u00a0Pablo\u00a0Bonilla Ataides Arthur Jaffe Dolev Bluvstein and Mikhail\u00a0D Lukin. 2024. Correlated Decoding of Logical Algorithms with Transversal Gates. Physical Review Letters 133 24 (2024) 240602. 10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.240602","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.240602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Richard Cleve and Daniel Gottesman. 1997. Efficient computations of encodings for quantum error correction. Physical Review A 56 1 (1997) 76. 10.1103\/PhysRevA.56.76","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.56.76"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eric Dennis Alexei Kitaev Andrew Landahl and John Preskill. 2002. Topological quantum memory. J. Math. Phys. 43 9 (2002) 4452\u20134505. 10.1063\/1.1499754","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1499754"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sepehr Ebadi Tout\u00a0T. Wang Harry Levine Alexander Keesling Giulia Semeghini Ahmed Omran Dolev Bluvstein Rhine Samajdar Hannes Pichler Wen\u00a0Wei Ho Soonwon Choi Subir Sachdev Markus Greiner Vladan Vuleti\u0107 and Mikhail\u00a0D. Lukin. 2021. Quantum phases of matter on a 256-atom programmable quantum simulator. Nature 2021 595:7866 595 7866 (2021) 227\u2013232. 10.1038\/s41586-021-03582-4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03582-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laird Egan Dripto\u00a0M. Debroy Crystal Noel Andrew Risinger Daiwei Zhu Debopriyo Biswas Michael Newman Muyuan Li Kenneth\u00a0R. Brown Marko Cetina and Christopher Monroe. 2021. Fault-tolerant control of an error-corrected qubit. Nature 2021 598:7880 598 7880 (2021) 281\u2013286. 10.1038\/s41586-021-03928-y","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03928-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Artur\u00a0K. Ekert. 1991. Quantum cryptography based on Bell\u2019s theorem. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 (Aug 1991) 661\u2013663. Issue 6. 10.1103\/PhysRevLett.67.661","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.67.661"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joseph\u00a0F. Fitzsimons. 2017. Private quantum computation: an introduction to blind quantum computing and related protocols. npj Quantum Information 2017 3:1 3 1 (2017) 1\u201311. 10.1038\/s41534-017-0025-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-017-0025-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_2","unstructured":"Austin\u00a0G. Fowler. 2012. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1210.4626 (2012). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1210.4626"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Austin\u00a0G. Fowler Matteo Mariantoni John\u00a0M. Martinis and Andrew\u00a0N. Cleland. 2012. Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation. Physical Review A 86 3 (2012) 032324. 10.1103\/PhysRevA.86.032324","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.86.032324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Austin\u00a0G. Fowler David\u00a0S. Wang Charles\u00a0D. Hill Thaddeus\u00a0D. Ladd Rodney\u00a0Van Meter and Lloyd C.\u00a0L. Hollenberg. 2010. Surface Code Quantum Communication. Physical Review Letters 104 18 (2010) 180503. 10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.180503","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.180503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Craig Gidney. 2023. Cleaner magic states with hook injection. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2302.12292 (2023). 10.48550\/arxiv.2302.12292","DOI":"10.48550\/arxiv.2302.12292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Craig Gidney and Austin\u00a0G. Fowler. 2019. Quantum 3 (April 2019) 135. 10.22331\/q-2019-04-30-135","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2019-04-30-135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Craig Gidney Michael Newman Austin Fowler and Michael Broughton. 2021. A Fault-Tolerant Honeycomb Memory. Quantum 5 (2021). 10.22331\/q-2021-12-20-605","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2021-12-20-605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nicolas Gisin Gr\u00e9goire Ribordy Wolfgang Tittel and Hugo Zbinden. 2002. Quantum cryptography. Reviews of Modern Physics 74 1 (2002) 145. 10.1103\/RevModPhys.74.145","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.74.145"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daniel Gottesman Thomas Jennewein and Sarah Croke. 2012. Longer-Baseline Telescopes Using Quantum Repeaters. Physical Review Letters 109 7 (2012) 070503. 10.1103\/PhysRevLett.109.070503","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.109.070503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_30_2","unstructured":"Markus Grassl. 2007. Bounds on the minimum distance of linear codes and quantum codes. Online available at http:\/\/www.codetables.de. Accessed on 2023-12-19."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Clare Horsman Austin\u00a0G. Fowler Simon Devitt and Rodney\u00a0Van Meter. 2012. Surface code quantum computing by lattice surgery. New Journal of Physics 14 12 (2012) 123011. 10.1088\/1367-2630\/14\/12\/123011","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/14\/12\/123011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_32_2","unstructured":"Shilin Huang Kenneth\u00a0R. Brown and Marko Cetina. 2023. Comparing Shor and Steane Error Correction Using the Bacon-Shor Code. arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2312.10851 (2023). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2312.10851v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. Hucul I.\u00a0V. Inlek G. Vittorini C. Crocker S. Debnath S.\u00a0M. Clark and C. Monroe. 2014. Modular entanglement of atomic qubits using photons and phonons. Nature Physics 2014 11:1 11 1 (2014) 37\u201342. 10.1038\/nphys3150","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bo Jing Xu\u00a0Jie Wang Yong Yu Peng\u00a0Fei Sun Yan Jiang Sheng\u00a0Jun Yang Wen\u00a0Hao Jiang Xi\u00a0Yu Luo Jun Zhang Xiao Jiang Xiao\u00a0Hui Bao and Jian\u00a0Wei Pan. 2019. Entanglement of three quantum memories via interference of three single photons. Nature Photonics 2019 13:3 13 3 (2019) 210\u2013213. 10.1038\/s41566-018-0342-x","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-018-0342-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Emil\u00a0T. Khabiboulline Johannes Borregaard Kristiaan De Greve and Mikhail\u00a0D. Lukin. 2019. Optical Interferometry with Quantum Networks. Physical Review Letters 123 7 (2019). 10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.070504","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.070504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Emil\u00a0T. Khabiboulline Johannes Borregaard Kristiaan De Greve and Mikhail\u00a0D. Lukin. 2019. Quantum-assisted telescope arrays. Physical Review A 100 2 (2019). 10.1103\/PhysRevA.100.022316","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.100.022316"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H\u00a0J Kimble. 2008. The Quantum Internet. Nature 453 7198 (2008) 1023\u201330. 10.1038\/nature07127","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Can\u00a0M. Knaut Aziza Suleymanzade Y.\u00a0C. Wei Daniel\u00a0R. Assumpcao P.\u00a0J. Stas Yan\u00a0Qi Huan Bartholomeus Machielse Erik\u00a0N. Knall Madison Sutula Gefen Baranes Neil Sinclair Chawina De-Eknamkul David\u00a0S. Levonian Mihir\u00a0K. Bhaskar Hongkun Park Marko Lon\u010dar and Mikhail\u00a0D. Lukin. 2024. Entanglement of nanophotonic quantum memory nodes in a telecom network. Nature 629 8012 (2024) 573\u2013578. 10.1038\/s41586-024-07252-z","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07252-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sebastian Krinner Nathan Lacroix Ants Remm Agustin Di Paolo Elie Genois Catherine Leroux Christoph Hellings Stefania Lazar Francois Swiadek Johannes Herrmann Graham\u00a0J. Norris Christian\u00a0Kraglund Andersen Markus M\u00fcller Alexandre Blais Christopher Eichler and Andreas Wallraff. 2022. Realizing repeated quantum error correction in a distance-three surface code. Nature 2022 605:7911 605 7911 (2022) 669\u2013674. 10.1038\/s41586-022-04566-8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04566-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lingling Lao and Ben Criger. 2022. Magic state injection on the rotated surface code. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series (2022) 113\u2013120. 10.1145\/3528416.3530237","DOI":"10.1145\/3528416.3530237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ying Li. 2015. A magic state\u2019s fidelity can be superior to the operations that created it. New Journal of Physics 17 2 (2015) 023037. 10.1088\/1367-2630\/17\/2\/023037","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/17\/2\/023037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoi\u00a0Kwong Lo Marcos Curty and Kiyoshi Tamaki. 2014. Secure quantum key distribution. Nature Photonics 2014 8:8 8 8 (2014) 595\u2013604. 10.1038\/nphoton.2014.149","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2014.149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Malinowski D.T.C. Allcock and C.J. Ballance. 2023. How to Wire a <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <mn>1000<\/mn> <\/math> -Qubit Trapped-Ion Quantum Computer. PRX Quantum 4 4 (2023) 040313. 10.1103\/PRXQuantum.4.040313","DOI":"10.1103\/PRXQuantum.4.040313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_44_2","unstructured":"Hannah\u00a0J. Manetsch Gyohei Nomura Elie Bataille Kon\u00a0H. Leung Xudong Lv and Manuel Endres. 2024. A tweezer array with 6100 highly coherent atomic qubits. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2403.12021 (2024). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.12021v2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryutaroh Matsumoto. 2003. Conversion of a general quantum stabilizer code to an entanglement distillation protocol. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 36 29 (2003) 8113.","DOI":"10.1088\/0305-4470\/36\/29\/316"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sam McArdle Suguru Endo Al\u00e1n Aspuru-Guzik Simon\u00a0C. Benjamin and Xiao Yuan. 2020. Quantum computational chemistry. Reviews of Modern Physics 92 1 (2020) 015003. 10.1103\/RevModPhys.92.015003","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.92.015003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_47_2","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0J McEliece. 1978. A public-key cryptosystem based on algebraic. Coding Thv 4244 (1978) 114\u2013116."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Srujan Meesala David Lake Steven Wood Piero Chiappina Changchun Zhong Andrew\u00a0D. Beyer Matthew\u00a0D. Shaw Liang Jiang and Oskar Painter. 2024. Quantum Entanglement between Optical and Microwave Photonic Qubits. Physical Review X 14 3 (2024) 031055. 10.1103\/PhysRevX.14.031055","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.14.031055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_49_2","unstructured":"Carlos\u00a0Aguilar Melchor Nicolas Aragon Slim Bettaieb Lo\u0131c Bidoux Olivier Blazy Jean-Christophe Deneuville Philippe Gaborit Edoardo Persichetti Gilles Z\u00e9mor and IC Bourges. 2018. Hamming quasi-cyclic (HQC). NIST PQC Round 2 4 (2018) 13."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohammad Mirhosseini Alp Sipahigil Mahmoud Kalaee and Oskar Painter. 2020. Superconducting qubit to optical photon transduction. Nature 2020 588:7839 588 7839 (2020) 599\u2013603. 10.1038\/s41586-020-3038-6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-3038-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. Monroe R. Raussendorf A. Ruthven K.\u00a0R. Brown P. Maunz L.\u00a0M. Duan and J. Kim. 2012. Large Scale Modular Quantum Computer Architecture with Atomic Memory and Photonic Interconnects. Physical Review A - Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics 89 2 (2012). 10.1103\/PhysRevA.89.022317","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.89.022317"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sreraman Muralidharan Linshu Li Jungsang Kim Norbert L\u00fctkenhaus Mikhail\u00a0D. Lukin and Liang Jiang. 2016. Optimal architectures for long distance quantum communication. Scientific Reports 2016 6:1 6 1 (2016) 1\u201310. 10.1038\/srep20463","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhongchu Ni Sai Li Xiaowei Deng Yanyan Cai Libo Zhang Weiting Wang Zhen\u00a0Biao Yang Haifeng Yu Fei Yan Song Liu Chang\u00a0Ling Zou Luyan Sun Shi\u00a0Biao Zheng Yuan Xu and Dapeng Yu. 2023. Beating the break-even point with a discrete-variable-encoded logical qubit. Nature 616 7955 (2023) 56\u201360. 10.1038\/s41586-023-05784-4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05784-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M.\u00a0A. Norcia H. Kim W.\u00a0B. Cairncross M. Stone A. Ryou M. Jaffe M.\u00a0O. Brown K. Barnes P. Battaglino T.\u00a0C. Bohdanowicz A. Brown K. Cassella C.-A. Chen R. Coxe D. Crow J. Epstein C. Griger E. Halperin F. Hummel A.\u00a0M.\u00a0W. Jones J.\u00a0M. Kindem J. King K. Kotru J. Lauigan M. Li M. Lu E. Megidish J. Marjanovic M. McDonald T. Mittiga J.\u00a0A. Muniz S. Narayanaswami C. Nishiguchi T. Paule K.\u00a0A. Pawlak L.\u00a0S. Peng K.\u00a0L. Pudenz D. Rodr\u00edguez P\u00e9rez A. Smull D. Stack M. Urbanek R.\u00a0J.\u00a0M. van\u00a0de Veerdonk Z. Vendeiro L. Wadleigh T. Wilkason T.-Y. Wu X. Xie E. Zalys-Geller X. Zhang and B.\u00a0J. Bloom. 2024. Iterative Assembly of <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <msup> <mi\/> <mn>171<\/mn> <\/msup> <\/math> <math display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <mi>Yb<\/mi> <\/math> Atom Arrays with Cavity-Enhanced Optical Lattices. PRX Quantum 5 3 (2024) 030316. 10.1103\/PRXQuantum.5.030316","DOI":"10.1103\/PRXQuantum.5.030316"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_55_2","unstructured":"Christopher\u00a0A Pattison Gefen Baranes J Pablo Bonilla Ataides Mikhail\u00a0D Lukin and Hengyun Zhou. 2024. Fast quantum interconnects via constant-rate entanglement distillation. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2408.15936 (2024). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2408.15936v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Pompili S.\u00a0L.\u00a0N. Hermans S. Baier H.\u00a0K.\u00a0C. Beukers P.\u00a0C. Humphreys R.\u00a0N. Schouten R.\u00a0F.\u00a0L. Vermeulen M.\u00a0J. Tiggelman L. dos Santos Martins B. Dirkse S. Wehner and R. Hanson. 2021. Realization of a multinode quantum network of remote solid-state qubits. Science 372 6539 (2021) 259\u2013264. 10.1126\/science.abg1919","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg1919"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lukas Postler Friederike Butt Ivan Pogorelov Christian\u00a0D. Marciniak Sascha Heu\u00dfen Rainer Blatt Philipp Schindler Manuel Rispler Markus M\u00fcller and Thomas Monz. 2024. Demonstration of Fault-Tolerant Steane Quantum Error Correction. PRX Quantum 5 3 (2024) 030326. 10.1103\/PRXQuantum.5.030326","DOI":"10.1103\/PRXQuantum.5.030326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_58_2","unstructured":"IBM Quantum. 2023. Online available at https:\/\/research.ibm.com\/blog\/quantum-roadmap-2033."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joshua Ramette Josiah Sinclair Nikolas\u00a0P Breuckmann and Vladan Vuleti\u0107. 2024. Fault-tolerant connection of error-corrected qubits with noisy links. npj Quantum Information 10 1 (2024) 58. 10.1038\/s41534-024-00855-4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-024-00855-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stephan Ritter Christian N\u00f6lleke Carolin Hahn Andreas Reiserer Andreas Neuzner Manuel Uphoff Martin M\u00fccke Eden Figueroa Joerg Bochmann and Gerhard Rempe. 2012. An elementary quantum network of single atoms in optical cavities. Nature 2012 484:7393 484 7393 (2012) 195\u2013200. 10.1038\/nature11023","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. Ryan-Anderson J.\u00a0G. Bohnet K. Lee D. Gresh A. Hankin J.\u00a0P. Gaebler D. Francois A. Chernoguzov D. Lucchetti N.\u00a0C. Brown T.\u00a0M. Gatterman S.\u00a0K. Halit K. Gilmore J. Gerber B. Neyenhuis D. Hayes and R.\u00a0P. Stutz. 2021. Realization of real-time fault-tolerant quantum error correction. Physical Review X 11 4 (2021). 10.48550\/arxiv.2107.07505","DOI":"10.48550\/arxiv.2107.07505"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_62_2","unstructured":"Yu Shi Ashlesha Patil and Saikat Guha. 2024. Stabilizer Entanglement Distillation and Efficient Fault-Tolerant Encoder. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2408.06299 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peter\u00a0W. Shor. 1994. Algorithms for quantum computation: Discrete logarithms and factoring. Proceedings - Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science FOCS (1994) 124\u2013134. 10.1109\/SFCS.1994.365700","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.1994.365700"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_64_2","unstructured":"Peter\u00a0W. Shor. 1996. Fault-tolerant quantum computation. arXiv preprint arXiv:quant-ph\/9605011 (1996). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/quant-ph\/9605011v2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Josiah Sinclair Joshua Ramette Brandon Grinkemeyer Dolev Bluvstein Mikhail Lukin and Vladan Vuleti\u0107. 2024. Fault-tolerant optical interconnects for neutral-atom arrays. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2408.08955 (2024).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevResearch.7.013313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"V.\u00a0V. Sivak A. Eickbusch B. Royer S. Singh I. Tsioutsios S. Ganjam A. Miano B.\u00a0L. Brock A.\u00a0Z. Ding L. Frunzio S.\u00a0M. Girvin R.\u00a0J. Schoelkopf and M.\u00a0H. Devoret. 2022. Real-time quantum error correction beyond break-even. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2211.09116 (2022). 10.48550\/arxiv.2211.09116","DOI":"10.48550\/arxiv.2211.09116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613424.3614300"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L.\u00a0J. Stephenson D.\u00a0P. Nadlinger B.\u00a0C. Nichol S. An P. Drmota T.\u00a0G. Ballance K. Thirumalai J.\u00a0F. Goodwin D.\u00a0M. Lucas and C.\u00a0J. Ballance. 2020. High-Rate High-Fidelity Entanglement of Qubits Across an Elementary Quantum Network. Physical Review Letters 124 11 (2020) 110501. 10.1103\/PHYSREVLETT.124.110501\/FIGURES\/4\/MEDIUM","DOI":"10.1103\/PHYSREVLETT.124.110501\/FIGURES\/4\/MEDIUM"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Renhao Tao Maximilian Ammenwerth Flavien Gyger Immanuel Bloch and Johannes Zeiher. 2024. High-Fidelity Detection of Large-Scale Atom Arrays in an Optical Lattice. Physical Review Letters 133 1 (2024) 013401. 10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.013401","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.013401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stephanie Wehner David Elkouss and Ronald Hanson. 2018. Quantum internet: A vision for the road ahead. Science 362 6412 (2018) eaam9288. 10.1126\/science.aam9288 arXiv:https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.aam9288","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.2010.5513666"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayata Yamasaki and Masato Koashi. 2024. Time-efficient constant-space-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computation. Nature Physics 20 2 (2024) 247\u2013253.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-023-02325-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pei\u00a0Shun Yan Lan Zhou Wei Zhong and Yu\u00a0Bo Sheng. 2023. Advances in quantum entanglement purification. Science China: Physics Mechanics and Astronomy 66 5 (2023). 10.1007\/s11433-022-2065-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s11433-022-2065-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_74_2","unstructured":"Hengyun Zhou Chen Zhao Madelyn Cain Dolev Bluvstein Casey Duckering Hong-Ye Hu Sheng-Tao Wang Aleksander Kubica and Mikhail\u00a0D. Lukin. 2024. Algorithmic Fault Tolerance for Fast Quantum Computing. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2406.17653 (2024). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2406.17653v1"}],"event":{"name":"ISCA '25: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","sponsor":["SIGARCH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture"],"location":"Tokyo Japan","acronym":"SIGARCH '25"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 52nd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3695053.3731069","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3695053.3731069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T11:02:48Z","timestamp":1750503768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3695053.3731069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3695053.3731069","10.1145\/3695053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3695053.3731069","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}