{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T01:08:57Z","timestamp":1777338537573,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":54,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62302473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62302473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3696410.3714550","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T23:08:29Z","timestamp":1745363309000},"page":"3389-3404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Detecting and Understanding the Promotion of Illicit Goods and Services on Twitter"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4145-2104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0274-0236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5696-272X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronghong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8747-5601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianghang","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2021. The behaviors and attitudes of U.S. Adults on Twitter. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2021\/11\/PDL_11.15.21_Twitter_users_final_report.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"2023. AWS Wickr. https:\/\/wickr.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"2023. BatChat. https:\/\/www.batchat.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"2023. bert-base-multilingual-cased. https:\/\/huggingface.co\/bert-base-multilingual-cased."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"2023. Community Guidelines of TikTok. https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/communityguidelines\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"2023. The dos and don'ts of hashtags. https:\/\/business.twitter.com\/en\/blog\/thedos-and-donts-of-hashtags.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"2023. Potato Chat. https:\/\/potato.im\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"2023. pyemoji. https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/pyemoji\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"2023. Twitter Child sexual exploitation policy. https:\/\/help.twitter.com\/en\/rulesand-policies\/sexual-exploitation-policy."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"2023. The Twitter Rules. https:\/\/help.twitter.com\/en\/rules-and-policies\/twitterrules."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"2023. Twitter Rules and Policies. https:\/\/help.twitter.com\/en\/rulesandpolicies#safety-and-cybercrime."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"2023. VirusTotal. https:\/\/www.virustotal.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"2023. xlm-roberta-base. https:\/\/huggingface.co\/xlm-roberta-base."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"2023. YouTube's Community Guidelines. https:\/\/support.google.com\/youtube\/answer\/9288567."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Usenix security symposium","author":"Caballero Juan","unstructured":"Juan Caballero, Chris Grier, Christian Kreibich, and Vern Paxson. 2011. Measuring pay-per-install: the commoditization of malware distribution.. In Usenix security symposium, Vol. 13. 1--13."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Aiding the Detection of Fake Accounts in Large Scale Social Online Services. In 9th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 12)","author":"Cao Qiang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qiang Cao, Michael Sirivianos, Xiaowei Yang, and Tiago Pregueiro. 2012. Aiding the Detection of Fake Accounts in Large Scale Social Online Services. In 9th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 12). USENIX Association, San Jose, CA, 197--210. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi12\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/cao"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2488388.2488408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805","author":"Devlin Jacob","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2018. Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"The EverChanging Labyrinth: A Large-Scale Analysis of Wildcard DNS Powered Blackhat SEO. In 25th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 16)","author":"Du Kun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kun Du, Hao Yang, Zhou Li, Haixin Duan, and Kehuan Zhang. 2016. The EverChanging Labyrinth: A Large-Scale Analysis of Wildcard DNS Powered Blackhat SEO. In 25th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 16). USENIX Association, Austin, TX, 245--262. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity16\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/du"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISI.2018.8587327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3449932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3548606.3560587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Comparing BERT against traditional machine learning text classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.13012","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Carvajal Santiago","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santiago Gonz\u00e1lez-Carvajal and Eduardo C Garrido-Merch\u00e1n. 2020. Comparing BERT against traditional machine learning text classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.13012 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Analyzing Ground-Truth Data of Mobile Gambling Scams. 2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","author":"Hong Geng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Geng Hong, Zhemin Yang, Sen Yang, Xiaojing Liao, Xiaolin Du, Min Yang, and Haixin Duan. 2022. Analyzing Ground-Truth Data of Mobile Gambling Scams. 2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) (2022), 2176--2193. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:251143836"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"John P John Fang Yu Yinglian Xie Arvind Krishnamurthy and Martin Abadi. 2011. deSEO: Combating Search-Result Poisoning.. In USENIX security symposium. 1--15."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Detection and Characterization of Illegal Marketing and Promotion of Prescription Drugs on Twitter. CoRR abs\/1712.00507","author":"Kalyanam Janani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Janani Kalyanam and Timothy Mackey. 2017. Detection and Characterization of Illegal Marketing and Promotion of Prescription Drugs on Twitter. CoRR abs\/1712.00507 (2017). arXiv:1712.00507 http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1712.00507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"USENIX Security Symposium","volume":"35","author":"Kanich Chris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chris Kanich, Nicholas Weaver, Damon McCoy, Tristan Halvorson, Christian Kreibich, Kirill Levchenko, Vern Paxson, Geoffrey M Voelker, and Stefan Savage. 2011. Show Me the Money: Characterizing Spam-advertised Revenue.. In USENIX Security Symposium, Vol. 35."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"BERT: a review of applications in natural language processing and understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.11943","author":"Koroteev MV","year":"2021","unstructured":"MV Koroteev. 2021. BERT: a review of applications in natural language processing and understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.11943 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"USENIX Security Symposium. 739--756","author":"Kotzias Platon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Platon Kotzias, Leyla Bilge, and Juan Caballero. 2016. Measuring PUP Prevalence and PUP Distribution through Pay-Per-Install Services. In USENIX Security Symposium. 739--756."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"langmodel 2023. The language model. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Language_model."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Measuring and Analyzing Search-Redirection Attacks in the Illicit Online Prescription Drug Trade. In USENIX Security Symposium","volume":"11","author":"Leontiadis Nektarios","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nektarios Leontiadis, Tyler Moore, and Nicolas Christin. 2011. Measuring and Analyzing Search-Redirection Attacks in the Illicit Online Prescription Drug Trade. In USENIX Security Symposium, Vol. 11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2660267.2660332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/24486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.48"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.48"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Fake Stuff: China and the Rise of Counterfeit Goods","author":"Jessica Lin Yi-Chieh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yi-Chieh Jessica Lin. 2011. Fake Stuff: China and the Rise of Counterfeit Goods. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st USENIX conference on Security symposium. 1--1.","author":"McCoy Damon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Damon McCoy, Andreas Pitsillidis, Grant Jordan, Nicholas Weaver, Christian Kreibich, Brian Krebs, Geoffrey M Voelker, Stefan Savage, and Kirill Levchenko. 2012. Pharmaleaks: Understanding the business of online pharmaceutical affiliate programs. In Proceedings of the 21st USENIX conference on Security symposium. 1--1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781","author":"Mikolov Tomas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tomas Mikolov, Kai Chen, Greg Corrado, and Jeffrey Dean. 2013. Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781 (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"24th {USENIX} security symposium ({USENIX} security 15). 33--48.","author":"Soska Kyle","unstructured":"Kyle Soska and Nicolas Christin. 2015. Measuring the longitudinal evolution of the online anonymous marketplace ecosystem. In 24th {USENIX} security symposium ({USENIX} security 15). 33--48."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"USENIX Security Symposium. 721--739","author":"Thomas Kurt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kurt Thomas, Juan A Elices Crespo, Ryan Rasti, Jean Michel Picod, Cait Phillips, Marc-Andr\u00e9 Decoste, Chris Sharp, Fabio Tirelo, Ali Tofigh, Marc-Antoine Courteau, et al. 2016. Investigating Commercial Pay-Per-Install and the Distribution of Unwanted Software.. In USENIX Security Symposium. 721--739."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2015.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359789.3359817"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2017.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2017.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Scalable Detection of Promotional Website Defacements in Black Hat SEO Campaigns. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 21)","author":"Yang Ronghai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ronghai Yang, Xianbo Wang, Cheng Chi, Dawei Wang, Jiawei He, Siming Pang, and Wing Cheong Lau. 2021. Scalable Detection of Promotional Website Defacements in Black Hat SEO Campaigns. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 21). USENIX Association, 3703--3720. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity21\/presentation\/yang-ronghai"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"USENIX Security Symposium. 1027--1041","author":"Yuan Kan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kan Yuan, Haoran Lu, Xiaojing Liao, and XiaoFeng Wang. 2018. Reading Thieves' Cant: Automatically Identifying and Understanding Dark Jargons from Cybercrime Marketplaces. In USENIX Security Symposium. 1027--1041."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISI.2016.7745450"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2017.1700213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00075"}],"event":{"name":"WWW '25: The ACM Web Conference 2025","location":"Sydney NSW Australia","acronym":"WWW '25","sponsor":["SIGWEB ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3696410.3714550","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3696410.3714550","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T01:18:33Z","timestamp":1750295913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3696410.3714550"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3696410.3714550","10.1145\/3696410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3696410.3714550","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}